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Topic Review
Conservation in South African Indigenous Goat Ecotypes
Goats were amongst the first livestock to be domesticated more than 10,000 years ago for their meat, milk, skin, and fiber. They were introduced to Southern Africa by migrating nations from Central Africa to the south. Due to local adaptation to the different agro-ecological zones and selection, indigenous goats are identified as ecotypes within the indigenous veld goat breed. Their ability to thrive in a resource-limited production system and in challenging environmental conditions makes them valuable animal resources for small-scale and emerging farmers. They play important roles in household agriculture and cultural activities as well as in poverty alleviation. 
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Imaging Biomarkers in Chronic Neuropathic Pain Management
Chronic neuropathic pain is a very important public health issue with profound negative implications in many aspects of patients’ individual lives, as well as society, health systems, productivity, and macroeconomics. The development of imaging, especially molecular and functional imaging, provides objectivity and makes the connection between structural changes, receptors involved in the mechanisms of action, and potentially therapeutic or diagnostic molecules by highlighting the place of action and the involved systems. The approval of composite biomarkers, including serological, genetic, clinical, and imaging markers, with high sensitivity and specificity will accelerate and improve diagnosis, staging, predictive and prognostic evaluation, stratification (phenotyping) and inclusion in trials, and the development of therapeutic options (pharmacological, biomedical) through preclinical, translational, clinical studies. 
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sanctions Effectiveness
As the context of geopolitical instability has worsened, economic sanctions have become an increasingly used instrument to condition international economic relations and the global strategies of the great powers. Thus, the study of the types of sanctions and the mechanisms that contribute to their effectiveness has become an increasingly relevant topic.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Climate-Change Impact on Florida’s Water Resources
Emerging changes in water availability in the U.S. state of Florida have been recognized as a combined result of human perturbations, natural variability, and climate change. Florida is particularly susceptible to the impacts of the sea level rise due to its extensive coastline, low elevation, and lack of topographic relief to promote drainage. Owing to the porous nature of the state’s aquifer systems, saltwater intrusion into coastal areas is an evolving threat. Additionally, anthropogenic intervention has increased the contribution of nutrients and sediments to many lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, subsequently causing eutrophication and sedimentation problems. 
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
History of Natural Resource Management in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has undulating mountainous landscapes and volcanic soils. The rainfall in Ethiopia has large drop sizes and high kinetic energy. These terrain properties and rainfall characteristics induce high water erosion in Ethiopia. The mean annual soil erosion from actually measured catchments ranges from 15 Mt ha−1 y−1 to 17 Mt ha−1 y−1, which is higher than the global average of 12–15 Mt ha−1 y−1. 
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Extended Reality Technology in Architectural Design Education
With the emergence of Architecture 4.0 and the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, extended reality (XR) technology has been increasingly applied in architectural education. This study aims to systematically organize and analyze the applications and outcomes of XR technology in construction education over the past five years, provide a theoretical framework for its future widespread use, and highlight its drawbacks as well as future research directions.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
ProFatigue Software
The program was developed by the IEMES (Structural Integrity: Materials and Structures) Research Group at the University of Oviedo, in collaboration with Prof. Castillo of the University of Cantabria and Empa-Dübendorf (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology). ProFatigue is based on the Weibull’s regression model proposed by Castillo-Canteli in order to satisfy the physical and statistical conditions required by any valid fatigue model.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a very rare entity of soft tissue considered a “neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of connective or other soft tissue” by the World Health Organization (2020).
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy and Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus and cancer are among the four most common chronic diseases, and are two of the leading causes of death worldwide [1]. Treatment of cancer patients with chemotherapy is influenced by multiple aspects, including neuropathy induced by chemotherapy drugs their self.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cilia and Skeletal Muscle
Cilia are comprised of microtubule bundles organised into an axoneme and anchored by a mature centriole or basal body. Primary cilia are dynamic signalling platforms that are intimately involved in cellular responses to their extracellular milieu. Cilia on fibroblasts/fibro–adipogenic progenitors and myofibroblasts may influence cell fate in both a cell autonomous and non-autonomous manner with critical consequences for skeletal muscle ageing and repair in response to injury and disease.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency V2X Communications
Vehicular communication is a promising technology that has been announced as a main use-case of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is the vehicular communication paradigm that enables the communications and interactions between vehicles and other network entities, e.g., road-side units (RSUs). This promising technology faces many challenges related to reliability, availability and security of the exchanged data. 
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Lipid Metabolism and Acylglycerolphosphate Acyltransferases (AGPATs) in Cancer
Alter lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer. The conversion of fatty acids to neutral triacylglycerides (TAG), plays a central role in this adaptive process.  Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs)/lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA), an intermediate in TAG synthesis, a signaling molecule, and a precursor of phospholipids. Importantly, the expression of AGPATs has been linked to diverse physiological and pathological phenotypes, including cancer.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
CRISPR Towards a Sustainable Agriculture
Climate change and the need to feed an increasing population undermines food production and safety, representing the reasons behind the development of a new agriculture that is much more sustainable, productive and accessible worldwide. Genome editing and, in particular, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) tools will play a major role in plant breeding to address these concerns. CRISPR/Cas includes a series of genome editing tools relying on the recognition and cleavage of target DNA/RNA sequences to introduce specific mutations.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ethanol Stability and Composition of Camel Milk
Camel milk has recently gained the interest of consumers and the dairy industry, as it is widely suggested as an ideal substitute for cow milk. The nutritional value and the bioactivity of camel milk proteins have received particular attention from research groups and industrial companies around the world. Camel milk proteins can be used as ingredients in the manufacturing and stabilization of foods and beverages; however, in these applications, the controlled aggregation of milk proteins and stability at high temperatures and in alcohol are desirable. 
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Citrus Flavonoids Neohesperidin, Hesperidin and Its Aglycone, Hesperetin
Neohesperidin, hesperidin and hesperetin are citrus flavonoids from the flavanones subclass that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Neohesperidin, in the form of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), also has dietary properties as a sweetener. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Picein
Picein is a herbal agent that has been investigated in only a few studies. Picein is the active ingredient of several herbs and can thus be extracted from different types of plants, which renders it widely available. To date, picein has shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in cellular and plant studies.
  • 1.5K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Identity of Thrombosis
Since “two-path unifying theory” of hemostasis was published, it has been confirmed that hemostasis is blood clotting mechanism forming “hemostatic plug” in bleeding from external and internal bodily injury, and is also thrombosis promoting mechanism in intravascular injury by producing “thrombus”.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pyroptosis
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, uncommon among patients suffering from myocardial infarction, stroke, or acute kidney injury, can result in cell death and organ dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that different types of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, can occur during I/R injury. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by cell membrane pore formation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and cell burst, and which differentiates itself from apoptosis and necroptosis, has been found to be closely related to I/R injury. 
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cardioprotective Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death around the world. Based on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members to regulate blood and lymphatic vessels and metabolic functions, several therapeutic approaches have been attempted. However proangiogenic therapies based on classical VEGF-A have been disappointing. Therefore, it has become important to focus on other VEGFs, like VEGF-B, which is a novel member of the VEGF family. 
  • 1.5K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Tumor cells recruit and remodel various types of stromal and inflammatory cells to form a tumor microenvironment (TME), which encompasses cellular and molecular entities, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), immune cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines that promote cancer cell growth, as well as their drug resistance. HCC usually arises in the context of cirrhosis, which is always associated with an enrichment of activated fibroblasts that are owed to chronic inflammation. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Feb 2023
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