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Topic Review
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are poised to revolutionize education by offering immersive and interactive learning experiences. AR and VR technologies continue to evolve, and educators, researchers, and policymakers have an exciting opportunity to shape the future of education by addressing various gaps, challenges, and limitations, such as theoretical foundations, application design, impact on learning, side effects, and the full potential of AR/VR technologies to create transformative learning experiences that prepare students for the challenges and opportunities of the modern world.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Psychological Contracts and Organizational Commitment
With the increasing complexity and dynamism of the modern work experience, the importance of the psychological contract has become increasingly clear. Organizations and researchers alike have recognized the implications of this contract for employee performance, satisfaction and well-being.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Artifact Recovery from Social Media Platforms
Social media applications have been ubiquitous in modern society, and their usage has grown exponentially over the years. With the widespread adoption of these platforms, social media has evolved into a significant origin of digital evidence in the domain of digital forensics.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Photoplethysmography for the Assessment of Arterial Stiffness
There is growth in assessing arterial stiffness using photoplethysmography (PPG) and propose PPG as a potential tool for assessing vascular ageing in the future. Blood vessels deteriorate with age, losing elasticity and forming deposits. This raises the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), widely reported as the global leading cause of death. The ageing process induces structural modifications in the vascular system, such as increased arterial stiffness, which can cause various volumetric, mechanical, and haemodynamic alterations. Numerous techniques have been investigated to assess arterial stiffness, some of which are currently used in commercial medical devices and some, such as PPG, of which still remain in the research space.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Jungle Cat
The Jungle Cat (Felis chaus) is a medium-sized wild cat species native to South and Southeast Asia, as well as parts of the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent. Characterized by its sandy or grayish-brown fur, distinct black-tipped ears, and elongated body, the Jungle Cat thrives in a variety of habitats including grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural areas. As an adept hunter and opportunistic feeder, it preys on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, playing a vital role in maintaining ecological balance within its range.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Wearables for Monitoring and Postural Feedback
Wearables offer a promising solution for simultaneous posture monitoring and/or corrective feedback. Some wearables have the feature to provide real-time corrective sensory feedback when adopting inadequate postures. This feedback can be auditory (typically conveyed through diverse auditory channels), visual (usually displayed by screens or projectors), haptic (application of vibratory stimulus), or a combination of these, providing information based on performance or outcome.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids
The basic structural concepts in the study of monatomic fluids at equilibrium are presented in this entry. The scope encompasses both the classical and the quantum domains, the latter concentrating on the diffraction and the zero-spin boson regimes. The main mathematical objects for describing the fluid structures are the following n-body functions: the correlation functions in real space and their associated structure factors in Fourier space. In these studies, the theory of linear response to external weak fields, involving functional calculus, and Feynman’s path integral formalism are the key conceptual ingredients. Emphasis is placed on the physical implications when going from the classical domain (limit of high temperatures) to the abovementioned quantum regimes (low temperatures). In the classical domain, there is only one class of n-body structures, which at every n level consists of one correlation function plus one structure factor. However, the quantum effects bring about the splitting of the foregoing class into three path integral classes, namely instantaneous, total thermalized-continuous linear response, and centroids; each of them is associated with the action of a distinct external weak field and keeps the above n-level structures. Special attention is given to the structural pair level 𝑛=2, and future directions towards the complete study of the quantum triplet level 𝑛=3 are suggested.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly effective procedure for advanced osteoarthritis of the knee. Thirty-day hospital readmission is an adverse outcome related to complications, which can be mitigated by identifying associated risk factors. 
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Honey in Reversing Metabolic Syndrome
Honey is a natural by-product from the flower nectar and aerodigestive tract of honey bees, which contains various complex biochemical components. Fructose (36%) and glucose (31%) are the main carbohydrate constituents of honey.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Spoken ATC Instruction Understanding
Spoken ATC Instruction Understanding means in air traffic control, speech communication with radio transmission is the primary way to exchange information between the controller and aircrew. A wealth of contextual situational dynamics is embedded implicitly; thus, understanding the spoken instruction is particularly significant to the ATC research. ATC is a complicated and time-varying system, in which operational safety is always a hot research topic. All achievements of an ATC center can be vetoed without any hesitation if any safety incident occurs. Air traffic safety is affected by various aspects of air traffic operation, from mechanical maintenance, resource management, to air traffic control. The safety of air traffic control is particularly important since the aircraft is already in the air. There is no doubt that any effort deserves to be made to improve ATC safety.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Biotechnological Importance of Torulaspora delbrueckii
Torulaspora delbrueckii has attracted interest in recent years, especially due to its biotechnological potential, arising from its flavor- and aroma-enhancing properties when used in wine, beer or bread dough fermentation, as well as from its remarkable resistance to osmotic and freezing stresses.    
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Order-Picking System
Companies have been trying continuously to reduce their logistics costs in the current competitive markets. Warehouses are important components of the logistics systems and they must be managed effectively and efficiently to reduce the production cost as well as maintain customer satisfaction. Order-picking is the core of warehouse operations and an order-picking system (OPS) is essential to meet customer needs and orders. Failure to perform the OPS process properly results in high costs and customer dissatisfaction. 
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases in China
Vector-borne diseases are among the most rapidly spreading infectious diseases and are widespread all around the world. In China, many types of vector-borne diseases have been prevalent in different regions, which is a serious public health problem with significant association with meteorological factors and weather events. Under the background of current severe climate change, the outbreaks and transmission of vector-borne diseases have been proven to be impacted greatly due to rapidly changing weather conditions. 
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Capillary Leak Syndrome in COVID-19 and Cardiometabolic Disease
COVID-19 is a disease with multi-faceted clinical features, which vary from mild disease to fatal outcomes. The severity of the disease is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction underlying cardiometabolic diseases. Capillary leak, through endothelial hyperpermeability to proteins and the induction of pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant pathways, has emerged as a pivotal pathogenetic factor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cardiometabolic patients and as major etiology of hypoalbuminemia in severe COVID-19 cases. A great body of evidence supports the association of this condition with underlying metabolic derangement, and few remarkable indications regarding the role of metabolic disease in the incidence of systemic capillary leak syndrome flares have been noted. Further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and enlighten the pathophysiology behind them.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Great Green Wall
The Great Green Wall or Great Green Wall of the Sahara and the Sahel (French: Grande Muraille Verte pour le Sahara et le Sahel) is Africa's flagship initiative to combat the increasing desertification. Led by the African Union, the initiative aims to transform the lives of millions of people by creating a mosaic of green and productive landscapes across North Africa. From the initial idea of a line of trees from east to west bordering the Saharan Desert, the vision of a Great Green Wall has evolved into that of a mosaic of interventions addressing the challenges facing the people in the Sahel and the Sahara. As a programming tool for rural development, the overall goal of this partnership is to strengthen regional resilience and natural systems with sound ecosystem management, protection of rural heritage, and improved living conditions. The project is a response to the combined effect of natural resources degradation and drought in rural areas. It is a partnership that supports communities working towards sustainable management and use of forests, rangelands and other natural resources. It seeks to help communities mitigate and adapt to climate change, as well as improve food security. It is expected that the population in the Sahel would double by 2039, adding urgency to the project.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Dub Localization
Dub localization, also often simply referred to as localization, is a form of a voice-over. It is the practice of voice-over translation altering a foreign language film, art film or television series by voice actors. Dub localization is a hot button issue active in cinephilia amongst aficionados of foreign filmmaking and television programs, particularly anime fans as dubs are still a popular form of translation of animated series. While some localization is virtually inevitable in translation, the controversy surrounding how much localization is "too much" is often much-discussed in such communities, especially when the final dub product is significantly different from the original. Some frown on any extensive localization, while others expect it and, to a degree, appreciate it. Some dub localizations are considered so extreme as to have produced a different show or film entirely.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review Video Peer Reviewed
Geometry-Based Deep Learning in the Natural Sciences
Nature is composed of elements at various spatial scales, ranging from the atomic to the astronomical level. In general, human sensory experience is limited to the mid-range of these spatial scales, in that the scales which represent the world of the very small or very large are generally apart from our sensory experiences. Furthermore, the complexities of Nature and its underlying elements are not tractable nor easily recognized by the traditional forms of human reasoning. Instead, the natural and mathematical sciences have emerged to model the complexities of Nature, leading to knowledge of the physical world. This level of predictiveness far exceeds any mere visual representations as naively formed in the Mind. In particular, geometry has served an outsized role in the mathematical representations of Nature, such as in the explanation of the movement of planets across the night sky. Geometry not only provides a framework for knowledge of the myriad of natural processes, but also as a mechanism for the theoretical understanding of those natural processes not yet observed, leading to visualization, abstraction, and models with insight and explanatory power. Without these tools, human experience would be limited to sensory feedback, which reflects a very small fraction of the properties of objects that exist in the natural world. As a consequence, as taught during the times of antiquity, geometry is essential for forming knowledge and differentiating opinion from true belief. It not only provides a framework for understanding astronomy, classical mechanics, and relativistic physics, but also the morphological evolution of living organisms, along with the complexities of the cognitive systems. Geometry also has a role in the information sciences, where it has explanatory power in visualizing the flow, structure, and organization of information in a system. This role further impacts the explanations of the internals of deep learning systems as developed in the fields of computer science and engineering.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron-Homeostasis
Despite its abundance in the environment, iron is poorly bioavailable and subject to strict conservation and internal recycling by most organisms. In vertebrates, the stability of iron concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid, and the total body iron content are maintained by the interaction of the iron-regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin with its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin (SLC40a1). Ferroportin exports iron from duodenal enterocytes that absorb dietary iron, from iron-recycling macrophages in the spleen and the liver, and from iron-storing hepatocytes. Hepcidin blocks iron export through ferroportin, causing hypoferremia. During iron deficiency or after hemorrhage, hepcidin decreases to allow iron delivery to plasma through ferroportin, thus promoting compensatory erythropoiesis. As a host defense mediator, hepcidin increases in response to infection and inflammation, blocking iron delivery through ferroportin to blood plasma, thus limiting iron availability to invading microbes. Genetic diseases that decrease hepcidin synthesis or disrupt hepcidin binding to ferroportin cause the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Interaction of Milk Protein Concentrates with Plant-Based Polyphenolics
Functional properties and biological activities of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have gained great interest due to their epidemiologically proven health benefits and diverse industrial applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the food processing conditions and certain chemical reactions such as pigmentation, acylation, hydroxylation, and glycosylation can also cause alteration in the stability, antioxidant activity, and structural characteristics of the polyphenolic compounds. Since the (poly)phenols are highly reactive, to overcome these problems, the formulation of a complex of polyphenolic compounds with natural biopolymers is an effective approach. Besides, to increase the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenolic compounds, milk proteins such as whey protein concentrate, sodium caseinate, and milk protein concentrate act as natural vehicles, due to their specific structural and functional properties with high nutritional value. Therefore, milk proteins are suitable for the delivery of polyphenols to parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Co-Torrefaction Progress of Biomass
The co-torrefaction of several biomasses may be a viable solution in the study area, as it produces biofuels and addresses waste-treatment concerns. Furthermore, the parameters of co-torrefaction, including temperature, reaction time, mass yield, energy yield, and the composition of the H/C and O/C ratio of the co-torrefied materials, are similar to those for coal composition. Different reactor types, such as fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, microwave, and batch reactors, are used for co-torrefaction, in which biomass blends with optimized blend ratios.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2022
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