Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Oocyte Maturation in Mammals
The quality and maturation of an oocyte not only play decisive roles in fertilization and embryo success, but also have long-term impacts on the later growth and development of the fetus. Female fertility declines with age, reflecting a decline in oocyte quantity. 
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Large Language Models as Recommendation Systems in Museums
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to various applications in different domains, including recommendation systems (RSs). In the context of museums and cultural spaces, where visitors seek meaningful and engaging experiences, the utilization of advanced RSs can greatly contribute to their enjoyment and overall satisfaction.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Cultural Identity in the Tourism Development of Colombia
Cultural identity, a concept deeply ingrained in disciplines like archaeology, history, and anthropology, has been a subject of ongoing discussion for experts across the ages. It encompasses the unique set of values, traditions, and customs that define a particular group of people. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sensor Data Fusion Algorithms
Sensor Data Fusion (SDT) algorithms and methods have been utilised in many applications ranging from automobiles to healthcare systems. They can be used to design a redundant, reliable, and complementary system with the intent of enhancing the system’s performance. SDT can be multifaceted, involving many representations such as pixels, features, signals, and symbols.
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Actinobacteria and Environmental Adaptations
Actinobacteria are among the secondary metabolites producers and hold high pharmacological and commercial interest. It has great capability to produce secondary metabolites such as immunomodulators, antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs, growth factors, anthelminthic enzymes and herbicides.describes the historical isolation of bioactive compounds from Actinobacteria from the first isolation by Selman Waksman.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Enhancing Plant Stress Resistance
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nanoparticles) have gained substantial attention from researchers worldwide for their capacity to alleviate the detrimental impacts of both biotic and abiotic stress on plants, concurrently reducing dependence on environmentally harmful chemicals.
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Myokine Irisin in Cancer
Regular exercise/physical activity is beneficial for the health of an individual and lowers the risk of getting different diseases, including cancer. How exactly exercise results in these health benefits is not known. Recent studies suggest that the molecule irisin released by muscles into the blood stream after exercise may be responsible for these effects.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint is “a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that is directly and indirectly caused by the activities of an individual or is accumulated over the life stages of a product”.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Diet and Male Fertility
Nutrition can affect, negatively or positively, sperm quality and this effect depends on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the diet, such as calorie content of each macronutrient (carbohydrates, protein, and fats), as well as on the specific fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, and protein profiles. While a Western diet is considered a risk factor for male infertility, the Mediterranean diet seems to protect against male infertility; moreover, the role of a vegetarian habitus in the preservation of sperm quality is controversial. Since diet may be an important modifiable determinant of male reproductive potential,  the role of daily nutrient exposure needs to be highlighted to preserve male fertility or to prevent male infertility. 
  • 1.6K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Natural Fiber in Cementitious Composites
The use of natural fibers in cementitious composites continue gaining acceptability and applicability due to its advantages over other artificial and synthetic fiber; this is because natural fibers are more economical and environmentally friendly and sustainable. Additionally, their biodegradability, lightweight and lower density, higher strength-to-weight ratio, and non-toxicity give them some advantages when used in place of synthetic fibers such as glass and carbon fibers. Furthermore, the production and processing of natural fibers involve less energy in comparison to other synthetic fibers. As a reference, the processing and production of jute natural finer, requires only about 7% of the energy needed to produce the same weight of polypropylene artificial fibers. Additionally, the production of 1 tons of polypropylene fiber generates about 3.7 tons of CO2, while the jute fiber absorbs CO2. Some of the major shortcomings of using natural fibers are its hydrophobic nature. Another problem related to the use of natural fibers in cement composites is its higher variations in properties, causing erratic cementitious materials properties; these defects need modification for the fiber to be effectively used and enhance the properties of cementitious composites.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
O&M Optimization for Manufacturing Systems with Energy Management
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) refers to activities related to daily operations and maintenance needed to preserve an asset so that it continues to provide services and maintain functioning. With the increasing attention paid to sustainable development worldwide, improving energy efficiency and applying effective means of energy saving have gradually received worldwide attention. As the largest energy consumers, manufacturing industries are inevitably facing pressures on energy optimization evolution from both governments and competitors. Among these enterprise activities, O&M of manufacturing systems are considered to have the most prospects for energy optimization. To address these issues, the existing O&M optimization approaches with energy management are reviewed and divided into several operation levels: single-machine, production-line, factory, and supply-chain levels. Recent research trends in O&M optimization with energy-management considerations in manufacturing systems are also discussed.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis and Structures of MXenes
Among various two−dimensional (2D) materials, MXenes have attracted widespread interest due to their unique surface properties, as well as mechanical, optical, electrical and biocompatible properties, and have been applied in various fields, particularly in the preparation of biosensors, which play a critical role. 
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Computational Tools for Artificial Intelligence
This article discusses computational tools used in artificial intelligence.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Obstacle Detection Systems of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
The high efficiency of obstacle detection system (ODS) is essential to obtain the high performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) carrying out a mission in a complex underwater environment. ODSs being improved and provide greater detection accuracy that results in better AUV response time. Almost all analysed methods are based on the conventional approach to obstacle detection. In the future, even better ODSs parameters could be achieved by using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. 
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Pathogenesis of Glaucoma
Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, has a varied pathogenesis scenario, including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and hypoxic conditions in the retina. Consequently, degenerating optic axons at the optic nerve head are observed clinically when extensive damage has already occurred. Following elevated IOP, changes in retinal ganglion cells lead to apoptosis immediately followed by degeneration of their optic axons. Degradation of axons leads to cupping of the optic nerve head and visual field losses. Here we emphasize that it is the retinal ganglion cells that are initial targets of elevated IOP, and, together with hyperactivity of retinal astrocytes, create the ischemic conditions which represent the earliest sign in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Plant Phenolics as Ligands for Metal(loid)s
Plant adaptive strategies have been shaped during evolutionary development in the constant interaction with a plethora of environmental factors, including the presence of metals/metalloids in the environment. Among adaptive reactions against either the excess of trace elements or toxic doses of non-essential elements, their complexation with molecular endogenous ligands, including phenolics, has received increasing attention.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Dealcoholization of Wines
The link between viticulture and climate change has become more evident in recent years. The temperature rise has been a crucial factor in the early ripening of grapes, which has resulted in wines with imbalanced acidity, higher alcohol content, and higher pH values. Consumers are seeking high-quality and healthy products, and this trend has extended to wine consumption.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 May 2024
Topic Review
Porous Tantalum
Porous tantalum (Ta) is a promising biomaterial and has been applied in orthopedics and dentistry for nearly two decades. The high porosity and interconnected pore structure of porous Ta promise fine bone ingrowth and new bone formation within the inner space, which further guarantee rapid osteointegration and bone–implant stability in the long term. Porous Ta has high wettability and surface energy that can facilitate adherence, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Meanwhile, the low elastic modulus and high friction coefficient of porous Ta allow it to effectively avoid the stress shield effect, minimize marginal bone loss and ensure primary stability. Accordingly, the satisfactory clinical application of porous Ta-based implants or prostheses is mainly derived from its excellent biological and mechanical properties. 
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Immunological Responses of Trichuris sp.
Trichuris sp. infection has appeared as a pathological burden in the population, but the immunomodulation features could result in an opportunity to discover novel treatments for diseases with prominent inflammatory responses. Regarding the immunological aspects, the innate immune responses against Trichuris sp. are also responsible for determining subsequent immune responses, including the activation of innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2s), and encouraging the immune cell polarization of the resistant host phenotype. Nevertheless, this parasite can establish a supportive niche for worm survival and finally avoid host immune interference. Trichuris sp. could skew antigen recognition and immune cell activation and proliferation through the generation of specific substances, called excretory/secretory (ESPs) and soluble products (SPs), which mainly mediate its immunomodulation properties. 
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Historical Ecology in Brazil
The term “Historical Ecology” has been defined by two different research scholarships: (1) as a field that draws upon diverse evidence to trace complex, long-term relationships between humanity and Earth; and (2) as a field related to evolutionary ecology and the use of phylogenetic systematics, which may or may not involve anthropogenic agency. Here we embrace and refer to the first definition. Hence, Historical Ecology is a multidisciplinary field (or research program) that investigates human-environment relationships resulting in continuous spatial, environmental, historical, and cultural interactions. Its primary focus is the physical evidence etched in the landscape. The use of landscape as an analytical framework and spatial unit is valuable and widely used in Historical Ecology.  
  • 1.6K
  • 07 May 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2799
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback