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Topic Review
Pedagogical Model in Physical Education
The characteristics and objectives of the Attitudinal Style as a pedagogical model are established.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cholinergic Signaling and Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common brain disorder characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures with neuronal hyperexcitability. Apart from the classical imbalance between excitatory glutamatergic transmission and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acidergic transmission, cumulative evidence suggest that cholinergic signaling is crucially involved in the modulation of neural excitability and epilepsy.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Taurine in Mitochondria Health
Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
CNS Glial Cells FA Synthesis
The central nervous system (CNS) has an exceptionally high lipid content. The brain contains the highest diversity of lipids than any other organ. Fatty acids (FA) are essential monomeric components that define the structural diversity of lipids and determine their functional properties in the CNS. FAs and their metabolites are critical for brain homeostasis and influence many neural functions, including cell survival, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Glial cells are a highly heterogeneous population of cells and predominate the mammalian brain. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia are the major types of glial cells in the CNS. Their main function is to sustain a homeostatic environment for neuronal circuits, providing not only structural or trophic support but also controlling neuronal function and plasticity. To do so, glial cells heavily rely on transient and temporal changes in the FA and lipid metabolism.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Blockchain-Based Energy-Trading Systems
Blockchain is the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies, but they provide many other application areas, such as reliable machine-to-machine automatic transactions, including auctions, bidding, and payments. Nowadays, many researchers use blockchain in different electric vehicles’ transportation systems, such as payment systems, charging systems, and energy trading systems.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Hyaluronan
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the ECM that consists of repeated disaccharide units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. HA is synthesized as a high molecular weight molecule but is degraded into heterogeneous fragments by hyaluronidases and reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. The biological activity of HA depends on its molecular weight. HA fragments stimulate tissue inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, high molecular weight HA suppresses these processes and maintains tissue homeostasis. This functional duality is particularly important during wound repair where HA sequentially promotes then suppresses inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, in tumors, HA effects are often co-opted to increase growth and invasion.  
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Emotion Regulation and Sleep
Emotion regulation refers to the process by which an individual influences the nature of his or her emotions and how emotions are experienced and expressed. Sleep deprivation may even impede the effectiveness of adaptive emotion regulation, such as distraction and cognitive reappraisal, consequently impacting emotional well-being.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Metal Allergy
Metal allergy is mainly an environmental disorder which can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Environmental metal exposures include jewelry, everyday metal items, mobile phones, leather, metal-rich food and implants, including stents or anchors. While consumer exposure is liable for the majority of metal hypersensitivity cases, the significance of occupational exposure to metals remains relevant. The most common metal allergens are nickel, chromium, and cobalt.
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring the Aging Condition of Paper Insulation
Chemical compounds dissolved in insulating oil, as indicators can excellently monitor the paper aging condition, which has attracted increasing interest in areas of transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Because of their outstanding features, such as good correlation with the degree of polymerization of cellulose paper and the aid of non-destructive online monitoring, chemical indicators have been effectively used for transformer condition assessment.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biofilms on Medical Devices
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. 
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) belong to the family of helper ILCs which provide host defense against infectious agents, participate in inflammatory responses and mediate lymphoid organogenesis and tissue repair, mainly at the skin and mucosal level. Based on their transcriptional, phenotypic and functional profile, ILC2s mirror the features of the adaptive CD4+ Th2 cell subset, both contributing to the so-called type 2 immune response. Similar to other ILCs, ILC2s are rapidly activated by signals deriving from tissue and/or other tissue-resident immune cells. The biologic activity of ILCs needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent them from contributing to severe inflammation and damage in several organs. Indeed, ILC2s display both enhancing and regulatory roles in several pathophysiological conditions, including tumors.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nanobioconjugates for signal amplification
Amplification of signals from devices as a result of their interaction with a target analyte is of paramount importance. It may impact on the sensitivity and detection limits of the device. This review provides some examples of nanobioconjugates (biomolecules conjugated with nanomaterials), current challenges and future perspectives for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing based on nanobioconjugates.  
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Transformers Health
Due to the large number of distribution transformers in the distribution grid, the status of distribution transformers plays an important role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the these grids. To evaluate the distribution transformer health, many assessment techniques have been studied and developed. These tools will support the transformer operators in predicting the status of the distribution transformer and responding effectively. A group of authors from University of Hawaii at Manoa and University of Palermo have reviewed the literature in the area, analyzed the latest techniques as well as highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of current methodologies. This gives the other researchers an overview of the development process of distribution transformer condition assessment technologies, thereby continuing to develop new effective evaluation techniques.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
BODIPY-Based Molecules for Organic PhotoVoltaics
The 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based molecules have emerged as interesting material for optoelectronic applications. This type of structure is commonly described as an example of a “rigidified” monomethine cyanine dye or as a boradiazaindacene by analogy with the all-carbon tricyclic ring and the numbering of any substituents follows rule setup for the carbon polycycles (see COVER). This dye has also been  called “porphyrin’s little sister” and this happy definition has been so successful that in analogy with porphyrinic systems, the 8-position is often referred to as the meso site. The facile structural modification of BODIPY core provides an opportunity to fine-tune its photophysical and optoelectronic properties thanks to the presence of eight reactive sites which allows for the developing of a large number of functionalized derivatives for various applications. In particular, BODIPY dyes find increasing application in laser dyes, organic electronic (OLED and OPV), bioimmagining,  thanks to their properties  like high fluorescent quantum yield, sharp absorption and emission peak,  photostability and stability under physiological conditions. Because of this they can be used also  as probes for pH changes, detection of cations, anions and so on.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion
Mammalian reproduction is mainly driven and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator that ultimately affects animal fertility. As a dimeric glycoprotein hormone, the biological specificity of FSH is mainly determined by the β subunit. As research techniques are being continuously innovated, studies are exploring the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the secretion of mammalian FSH. 
  • 1.6K
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation
Since its inception more than thirty years ago, electroformation has become the most commonly used method for growing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Although the method seems quite straightforward at first, researchers must consider the interplay of a large number of parameters, different lipid compositions, and internal solutions in order to avoid artifactual results or reproducibility problems.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. It is principally associated with liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. The major risk factors for the development of HCC include viral infections (HBV, HCV), alcoholic liver disease (ALD,) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The optimal treatment choice is dictated by multiple variables such as tumor burden, liver function, and patient’s health status. Surgical resection, transplantation, ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and systemic therapy are potentially useful treatment strategies. TACE is considered the first-line treatment for patients with intermediate stage HCC. 
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Gender Differences in Cannabis Use
Gender differences in psychiatric disorders and drug use are well known. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug among young people. In recent years, its use has been related to the development of psychiatric pathologies; however, few studies have incorporated the gender perspective as of yet. Men have a higher prevalence using cannabis; however, women show a faster transition from recreational use to compulsive use, higher levels of craving with more relapses, and higher prevalence of dual pathology. Clinical studies clearly show the existence of gender differences in psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use. Although these results are not conclusive, they seem to indicate a higher vulnerability of women in the development of psychosis and anxiety, while men seem to be more vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms with long-term cannabis misuses. 
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Icariin and Its Derivates
There has been considerable interest in icariin (ICA) and its derivates, icariside II (ICS) and icaritin (ICT), due to their wide range of potential applications in preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, delaying the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, treating erectile dysfunction, etc.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Lide 1993, p. 11-217.
Friday the 13th is considered an unlucky day in Western superstition. It occurs when the 13th day of the month in the Gregorian calendar falls on a Friday, which happens at least once every year but can occur up to three times in the same year—for example, in 2015, Friday the 13th occurred in February, March, and November. 2017 through 2020 will all have two Friday the 13ths each, and the years 2021 and 2022 will both have just one occurrence each. Friday the 13th occurs in any month that begins on a Sunday.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2022
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