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Topic Review
Apiaceae Family in Agriculture
Synthetic chemicals are used to protect crops and agricultural products, thereby producing high yields. However, intensive use of these synthetic chemicals significantly affects the environment and sustainable agriculture production. Moreover, direct or indirect exposure to these synthetic chemicals may cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans and animals. Due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and being environmentally friendly, secondary metabolites derived from plant sources are being studied as a sustainable approach. Apiaceae family crops are a good source of bioactive phytochemicals. Many studies have found that Apiaceae extracts and essential oils possess various biocidal activities: antibacterial, antifungal, herbicidal, insecticidal or repellent, and larvicidal activities, among others. These various potent bioactivities make the Apiaceae an excellent alternative source for synthetic chemicals. 
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sore is also used, mainly in North America, although it may also refer to other types of mouth ulcers. The cause is not completely understood but involves a T cell-mediated immune response triggered by a variety of factors which may include nutritional deficiencies, local trauma, stress, hormonal influences, allergies, genetic predisposition, certain foods, dehydration, or some food additives. These ulcers occur periodically and heal completely between attacks. In the majority of cases, the individual ulcers last about 7–10 days, and ulceration episodes occur 3–6 times per year. Most appear on the non-keratinizing epithelial surfaces in the mouth – i.e. anywhere except the attached gingiva, the hard palate and the dorsum of the tongue – although the more severe forms, which are less common, may also involve keratinizing epithelial surfaces. Symptoms range from a minor nuisance to interfering with eating and drinking. The severe forms may be debilitating, even causing weight loss due to malnutrition. The condition is very common, affecting about 20% of the general population to some degree. The onset is often during childhood or adolescence, and the condition usually lasts for several years before gradually disappearing. There is no cure, and treatments such as corticosteroids aim to manage pain, reduce healing time and reduce the frequency of episodes of ulceration.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
Didier Queloz
Didier Patrick Queloz FRS (French pronunciation: ​[didje kəlo, kelo]; born 23 February 1966) is a Swiss astronomer. He is the Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Cambridge,[1] where he is also a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, as well as a professor at the University of Geneva.[2] Together with Michel Mayor in 1995, he discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extra
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Trace Minerals and Anxiety
Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear or avoidance of perceived threats. Diet is a modifiable risk factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis or treatment of anxiety, depending on diet quality. Trace mineral treatments for the relief of anxiety have been investigated.
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding Application
Traditional metals and alloys are often used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, expensive, and having low corrosion resistance, which limits their application in electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel EMI shielding materials. Polymers, being highly flexible, corrosion-resistant, and possessing high specific strength, are frequently employed in electromagnetic shielding materials.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Industrial Applications of Microfluidic Systems
With the proliferation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, the syntheses of microfluidic devices or microdroplets have become increasingly important as tools for chemical analysis and synthesis. Microfluidic devices (microreactors, microchemical chips, etc.) that integrate the functions of chemical synthesis, analysis equipment, and chemical plants in a compact form are being investigated.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Integrated GNN and DRL in E2E Networking Solutions
Graph neural networks (GNN) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are at the forefront of algorithms for advancing network automation with capabilities of extracting features and multi-aspect awareness in building controller policies. While GNN offers non-Euclidean topology awareness, feature learning on graphs, generalization, representation learning, permutation equivariance, and propagation analysis, it lacks capabilities in continuous optimization and long-term exploration/exploitation strategies. Therefore, DRL is an optimal complement to GNN, enhancing the applications towards achieving specific policies within the scope of end-to-end (E2E) network automation.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Extended Characteristic Polynomial
In the context of molecular topology it is well known the Characteristic Polynomial (ChP) for its important uses in relating the structure with molecular properties of hydrocarbons, as well as a high resolution discriminant for chemical structures. Also it is well known that, as any other topological based descriptor/function, the ChP is blind to the nature of the chemical element and of the chemical bond, both being treated as indistinguishable in the context of the chemical graphs theory. An extension of the Characteristic Polynomial (EChP) is proposed by relaxing the identity matrix and adjacency matrix to contain non-binary based values, by in the same time keeping the meaning of those matrices (identity as collecting information regarding the identity of the atoms in the molecule and adjacency as collecting information regarding the connectivity or bonds in the molecule) and their feature (of being symmetrical).
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Hp-NCL Network in Routing Encoding
Goal-directed navigation is a crucial behavior for the survival of animals, especially for the birds having extraordinary spatial navigation ability. In neural mechanism of the goal-directed behavior, especially involving the information encoding mechanism of the route, the hippocampus (Hp), nidopallium caudalle (NCL) and their local networks of the avian brain play important roles.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Hyaluronic Acid in Treating IVD
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) and HA-based biomaterials used as therapeutic delivery platforms have been trialled in preclinical models and clinical trials. 
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Burn Wound Infections
The most recent advances on the use of nanoparticles in wound dressing formulations and in tissue engineering for the treatment of burn wound infections.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Polysaccharide-ZnO Nanocomposites for Fruits Preservation
Safe coating and film are produced from layer-forming material such as gelling agents. They are favored to be used in food packaging applications as they are made from edible material and can act as gases barrier for prolonging the shelf life of food. Even though both safe coating and film have those similarities, they have differences with respect to their application to food products. The edible film is wrapping materials that are applied to food products separately. Meanwhile, the safe coating is a thin material that is used directly on the food products. Hence, despite both safe coating and film may be produced from the same gelling agent, their characteristics may differ significantly which adjust to the food properties that need to be protected. For applying to fruit, the safe coating becomes one of the prime concerns because of its ability to slow down the ripening process, reduce microbial growth, and maintain the physicochemical properties of fruits.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Collagen Type I/III Turnover
The unique balance between the degradation activity of collagen specific MMPs and their natural tissue inhibitors indicates that TIMPs plays an important role in normal structural uterine changes during healthy pregnancy. Dysregulation of balance between MMPs and their TIMPs occurs in preeclampisa, leading to impaired fibrillar collagen type I and III turnover. This results in pathological changes in uterine structure and abnormal uterine ECM remodeling. MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 are biomolecules, tightly involved in these processes. MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 potential as preeclampsia biomarkers is very promising and possible clinical applications can hopefully be introduced soon.
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mixture Designs in Beverages/Foods/Pharmaceutical Health
Design of Experiments (DoE) is a statistical tool used to plan and optimize experiments and is seen as a quality technology to achieve products excellence. Among the experimental designs (EDs), the mixture designs (MDs) stand out, being widely applied to improve conditions for processing, developing, or formulating novel products. Overall, the SOM indicated that Brazil presented the largest number of works using MDs. Among the continents, America and Asia showed a predominance in applications with the same amount of work. Comparing the MDs application areas, the analysis indicated that works are prevalent in food and beverage science in the American continent, while in Asia, health science prevails. MDs were more used to develop functional/nutraceutical products and the formulation of drugs for several diseases. However, we briefly describe some promising research fields in that MDs can still be employed.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Adsorptive Membrane for Boron Removal
The complexity of removing boron compounds from aqueous systems has received serious attention among researchers and inventors in the water treating industry. This is due to the higher level of boron in the aquatic ecosystem, which is caused by the geochemical background and anthropogenic factors. The gradual increase in the distribution of boron for years can become extremely toxic to humans, terrestrial organisms and aquatic organisms. Numerous methods of removing boron that have been executed so far can be classified under batch adsorption, membrane-based processes and hybrid techniques. Conventional water treatments such as coagulation, sedimentation and filtration do not significantly remove boron, and special methods would have to be installed in order to remove boron from water resources. The blockage of membrane pores by pollutants in the available membrane technologies not only decreases their performance but can make the membranes prone to fouling. Therefore, the surface-modifying flexibility in adsorptive membranes can serve as an advantage to remove boron from water resources efficiently. These membranes are attractive because of the dual advantage of adsorption/filtration mechanisms. 
  • 1.7K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Development, Phenotype and Macrophage Niche of Kupffer Cells
Macrophages are key participants in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions, and implement a rich diversity of functions. The largest population of resident tissue macrophages is found in the liver. Hepatic macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, are involved in the regulation of multiple liver functionalities. Kupffer cells (KCs), the resident liver macrophages, constitute a crucially important component of the mononuclear-monocytic system. KCs have a wide variety of responsibilities at both local and systemic level, notably the barrier function preventing various pathogens and their toxic by-products (e.g., endotoxin, also known as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from entering systemic circulation.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Sophorolipids—Bio-Based Antimicrobial Formulating Agents
Sophorolipids are well-known glycolipid biosurfactants, produced mainly by non-pathogenic yeast species such as Candida bombicola with high yield. Its unique environmental compatibility and high biodegradable properties have made them a focus in the present review for their promising applications in diverse areas.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Burt’s Solar Compass
Burt's solar compass is a surveying instrument that makes use of the sun's direction instead of magnetism. William Austin Burt invented his solar compass in 1835. It is a device which allows a person to find the north direction from the position of a shadow. The reason for this instrument was to get away from the erratic readings of a normal magnetized compass when in a local land territory of high iron ore content. The instrument was found to be so accurate that it was the choice of the United States government when surveying public lands, state boundaries, and railroad routes. It won awards from various organizations for its technology. It was used by surveyors from the nineteenth century into the twentieth century.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Slender Glass Lizard
The slender glass lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus) is a legless lizard in the Glass Lizard subfamily (Anguinae) The species is endemic to the United States. Two subspecies are recognized. The lizard was originally believed to be a subspecies of the eastern glass lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis). Their name comes from their easily broken tail which they can break off themselves without ever being touched. It is difficult to find a specimen with an undamaged tail. The lizard eats a variety of insects and small animals, including smaller lizards. Snakes and other animals are known to prey on the species. Humans have a part in destroying their environment and killing their food supply with insecticides. The lizard is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), though it is vulnerable in Iowa and endangered in Wisconsin. It is important to note that the streamlined, legless species is often confused with snakes. Glass Lizards, however, differ from snakes as they possess a moveable eyelid, which is absent in snakes. Another way to distinguish glass lizards from snakes is the presence of an external ear opening, which are absent in snakes.
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bioavailability of Sprout against Different Diseases
With the intake of plant sprouts, bioavailability has long been regarded as crucial. The bioavailability of phytochemicals in various sprout diets varies substantially depending on several parameters. Interindividual factors, including delivery mode, and even intraindividual biochemical variances and the makeup and function of the gut microbiota are all factors to consider.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Nov 2022
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