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Topic Review
AI-Assisted Design-on-Simulation for Life Prediction
Many researchers have adopted the finite-element-based design-on-simulation (DoS) technology for the reliability assessment of electronic packaging. DoS technology can effectively shorten the design cycle, reduce costs, and effectively optimize the packaging structure. However, the simulation analysis results are highly dependent on the individual researcher and are usually inconsistent between them. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help researchers avoid the shortcomings of the human factor. 
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Eating Competence, Food Consumption and Health Outcomes
Eating Competence (EC) is one behavioral perspective of eating practices that has been associated with a healthy lifestyle. It emphasizes eating pleasure, self-regulation of eating, body weight satisfaction, and regular meal frequency that includes food variety without focusing on dietary guidelines. EC is composed of four components (Eating Attitude, Food Acceptance, Internal Regulation, and Contextual Skill), and its assessment is performed using the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ecSI2.0™), developed and validated in English for an adult population. EC has been associated with diet quality and health indicators for various population groups and the development of skills that increase EC might be a strategy to improve nutritional health, and prevent obesity and other chronic diseases. 
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Natural and Semi-Synthetic Compounds for Wound Healing
Skin wounds are injuries that compromise or damage the structural integrity and optimal functioning of the skin and can be grouped into acute and chronic depending on the skin repair and recovery time frame. Specific interest is given to Aloevera, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, polyhexanide, retinoids, ascorbate, tocochromanols, and chitosan. These compounds (when alone or in formulation with other biologically active molecules) could be a dependable alternative in the management or prevention of chronic wounds.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Phenolic Compound Family Extracted from Raspberries
In plant physiology, a phenolic compound family can act as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, and their biosynthesis follows the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Medicinal Mushrooms as Natural Food Dyes
Dyes are widely used in high-tech sectors, including food and energy. Natural dyes are more environment-friendly than synthetic dyes and may have medicinal benefits. Fungi are a natural source of dye that can be substituted for plants. For example, medicinal mushrooms offer a wide range of safe organic dyes that may be produced instantly, inexpensively, and in large quantities. Meanwhile, medicinal mushroom dyes may provide a less expensive choice for photovoltaic (PV) technology due to their non-toxic and environmentally friendly qualities.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics. The journal is run by a Board of Directors representing 27 sponsoring countries plus a representative of the European Southern Observatory. The main editors of A&A are the editor-in-chief,  Thierry Forveille (fr); the Letters editor-in-chief, João Alves; and the managing editor David Elbaz. The journal is published by EDP Sciences in 12 issues per year. With an impact factor of 5.802 (2020), A&A is one of the most important academic journals in its field. Several sections of the journal are available in Open Access, and the latest issue is also available for free online reading on the journal website.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Glucosepane
Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of the eyes. Covalent protein cross-links irreversibly link proteins together in the ECM of tissues. Glucosepane is present in human tissues at levels 10 to 1000 times higher than any other cross-linking AGE, and is currently considered to be the most important cross-linking AGE.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Materials in Nonlinear Optical Devices
All-optical signal processing based on nonlinear optical devices is promising for ultrafast information processing in optical communication systems. Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with unique structures and distinctive properties have opened up new avenues for nonlinear optics and the fabrication of related devices with high performance. 
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Building Energy Management
Machine learning (ML) algorithms are now part of everyday life, as many technological devices use these algorithms. Machine learning (ML) is now used in many industrial and scientific fields, from aerospace to marketing and advertising. In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector, ML models and algorithms can be applied to building automation systems (BASs) and building digital twins (BDT) to improve building energy efficiency and flexibility by making use of widely available building operational data. Such systems can automate building management, reducing global consumption of primary resources (i.e., energy and water), increasing indoor comfort, increasing structural safety, and reducing the need for building maintenance. 
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling
The function of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via activation through its high-affinity receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) has a pivotal role in cell differentiation, cell survival, synaptic plasticity, and both embryonic and adult neurogenesis in central nervous system neurons. A number of studies have demonstrated the possible involvement of altered expression and action of the BDNF/TrkB signaling in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we introduce an essential role of the BDNF and its downstream signaling in neural function. We also review the current evidence on the deregulated the BDNF signaling in the pathophysiology of AD at gene, mRNA, and protein levels. Further, we discuss a potential usefulness of small compounds, including flavonoids, which can stimulate BDNF-related signaling as a BDNF-targeting therapy.
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors presented themselves as important players in the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway, thus exerting a profound impact on various physiological and pathological processes. Beyond their well-known efficacy in treating male erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a plethora of studies have unveiled their significance in the treatment of a myriad of other diseases, including cognitive functions, heart failure, multiple drug resistance in cancer therapy, immune diseases, systemic sclerosis and others.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Dehydrogenation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene
Propylene is one of the most important building blocks in the petrochemical industry. It is industrially employed to produce polypropylene, which is used extensively to make packaging and labeling, textile products, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, and automotive components. Propylene is also used for the manufacturing of acrylonitrile, propylene oxide derivatives, and other substances. Catalytic propane oxidative dehydrogenation (PODH) in the absence of gas phase oxygen is a promising approach for propylene manufacturing. PODH can overcome the issues of over-oxidation, which lower propylene selectivity. PODH has a reduced environmental footprint when compared with conventional oxidative dehydrogenation, which uses molecular oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Delphi
Delphi is a general-purpose programming language and a software product that uses the Delphi dialect of the Object Pascal programming language and provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, currently developed and maintained by Embarcadero Technologies. Delphi's compilers generate native code for Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS, Android and Linux (x64). Delphi includes a code editor, a visual designer, an integrated debugger, a source code control component, and support for third-party plugins. The code editor features Code Insight (code completion), Error Insight (real-time error-checking), and refactoring. The visual forms designer has the option of using either the Visual Component Library (VCL) for pure Windows development or the FireMonkey (FMX) framework for cross-platform development. Database support is a key feature and is provided by FireDAC (Database Access Components). Delphi is known for its fast compilation speed, native code, and developer productivity. Delphi was originally developed by Borland as a rapid application development tool for Windows as the successor of Turbo Pascal. Delphi added full object-oriented programming to the existing language, and the language has grown to support generics, anonymous methods, closures, and native Component Object Model (COM) support. Delphi and its C++ counterpart, C++Builder, are interoperable and jointly sold under the name RAD Studio. There are Professional, Enterprise, and Architect editions, with the higher editions having more features at a higher price. There is also a free-of-charge Community edition, with most of the features of Professional, but restricted to users and companies with low revenue.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Vitamin K
Vitamin K has been recognized as a key factor for the synthesis of blood clotting factors in the liver, and is currently known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes and is associated with many pathological conditions.The most well-known function of vitamin K is as a cofactor for the γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) through the conversion of specific glutamic acid (Glu) into calcium binding γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues. Vitamin K deficiency has been linked to several pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteoarthritis (OA) , rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, cancer, dementia, certain skin pathologies, functional decline, and disability.  A new concept on the involvement of vitamin K in inflammation is growing. In fact, novel roles have been disclosed for vitamin K independent of its activity as a cofactor for GGCX, such as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, promoter of cognition, inhibition of tumor progression, and transcriptional regulator of osteoblastic genes. A growing number of studies has raised an increasing interest on the use of vitamin K as a health promoting supplement.  Aging societies represent a major economic challenge for health care systems, and diet supplements promoting healthy aging and improving the prognosis of age-related diseases, are required to be implemented in clinical practice.This work thoroughly reviews available data regarding differences between vitamin K1 and K2, contextualized with clinical aspects of vitamin K deficiency, including their sources, functions, target activity, and involvement in age-related diseases. Processes for the chemical and biological production of vitamin K1 and K2 will be briefly addressed. Additionally, novel sources with potential biotechnological application, and new formulations to improve vitamin K absorption and bioavailability are presented.
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
CAD Algorithms for Adjusting Contours
In patients with atrophy of the temporalis muscle or flattened skin flaps (trephined syndrome), CAD/CAM (customized computer-assisted design/manufacturing)-fabricated implants with modified reconstructed curvature is crucial for cranioplasty. For the aforementioned clinical conditions, adequate scalp adaptation is significant for either the maintenance of soft tissue bulk or the prevention of the dead space between the dura and implant. This can thoroughly be achieved by adjusting CAD algorithms for the contouring of skull defects with outwardly elevation or inwardly depression, respectively. We herein demonstrate operative details involving modified contours for the reconstruction of skull defects in CAD Modeling.
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Educational Robotics
Educational Robotics arose, developed, and flourished at the crossroads of educational science and computer science to serve and contribute to both scientific fields. The research questions raised through Educational Robotics, implemented by activities designed by the theory of constructionism, concentrate on the creation of computational thinking skills, collaborative learning, and project-based learning, taking into account the social nature of the student-robot relationship. Programming skills, sequencing, scripting, and algorithmic thinking are the primary goals of ER. Furthermore, as an essential branch of educational technology, the ER area of study improves conventional teaching methods' quality and efficacy while also introducing pedagogical changes to enhance education.
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Dry Eye Disease
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition, which usually causes discomfort, but it can also be an origin of ocular pain and visual disturbances. Ocular surface inflammation is thought to be the main factor in the pathogenesis of DED. It has many overlapping causes, such as ocular surgery, environmental triggers, medication use and systemic diseases. Ophthalmic surgery may induce or worsen existing DED symptoms usually for a short-term period .
  • 1.7K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Cell Cycle and Its Regulation
A decisive characteristic of life is the reproductive capacity of cells, which it does through a collection of highly complex and ordered regulatory process commonly known as the cell cycle. The cell cycle combines DNA replication with chromosomal segregation in an oscillatory manner. In this way, the cell cycle coordinates the precise replication of the genome through specific events to ensure that the duplicated genetic material is distributed equally to each daughter cell. The repetition of this process leads to the exponential proliferation of cells. This process is classically described as interphase and mitosis (M) phase. Most of the cell cycle is in interphase, which encompasses Gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and Gap 2 (G2) phases. During the interphase, the cell grows, replicates genetic materials, and repairs DNA damage and replication errors. M phase, a relatively short period, consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which completes the equal distribution of genome and cytoplasmic components. Following interphase, most nondividing cells exit the cell cycle at G1 into G0 phase (quiescence). G0 was originally used to describe cells that are not in the cell cycle but with the potential for division. The rate of cell cycling varies with the developmental stage and cell type. In general, the cell cycle is most active during development, as cells in early embryos can proliferate and differentiate to form tissues and organs. The cell cycle involves numerous life processes, and it is closely related to the growth and proliferation of eukaryotic cells, development of organisms, regulation of DNA damage repair, and occurrence of diseases.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nutrients for Eye-Related Diseases
The risk of macular degeneration can be reduced through the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, supplements, and nutraceutical formulas. This study focuses on the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have been reported for reducing the risk of macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases. Antioxidants including anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins have been shown to reduce the risk of eye-related diseases. Anthocyanins extracted from berries are powerful antioxidants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin are anthocyanin aglycones detected in berries, currants, and other colored fruits and vegetables. β-Carotene, as well as xanthophyll lutein and zeaxanthin, have been reported to reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Flavonoids from plants help in the prevention of eye-related diseases through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A combination of these antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals possess a synergistic effect on the prevention or risk reduction of macular degeneration. Formulas have been developed as dietary supplements to cater to the high demand from consumers and patients with eye problems. 
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
E-Learning and iLearn2.0
E-learning refers to using computer technology in a learning experience that has led to many changes in traditional learning. In the beginning, people who originally studied psychology talked about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a teaching assistant but were unable or afraid to implement it. iLearn is an online assistant first launched in 2000. It was used in university courses to integrate technology with education in line with the SLE approach. In 2015, the iLearn system was upgraded and migrated to the iLearn 2.0 version. 
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Nov 2021
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