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Topic Review
Quinoa and Chia Seeds
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and chia (Salvia hispanica) are essential traditional crops with excellent nutritional properties. Quinoa is known for its high and good quality protein content and nine essential amino acids vital for an individual’s development and growth, whereas chia seeds contain high dietary fiber content, calories, lipids, minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc), and vitamins (A and B complex). Chia seeds are also known for their presence of a high amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Both quinoa and chia seeds are gluten-free and provide medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds, which help combat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases such as cancer. Quinoa seeds possess phenolic compounds, particularly kaempferol, which can help prevent cancer.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogs
The extraordinary growth in the global pharmaceutical industry has extended to include peptides, which are amino acids linked together with an amide bond. Due to their well-tolerable safety profile and specificity, therapeutic peptides offer a means to address unmet medical challenges. A well-known example of a commonly administered peptide is insulin. Peptides are considered excellent complements and, in some cases, preferable alternatives to both small molecules such as paracetamol and very large antibodies. Around 100 peptide drugs are available on the global market, with ongoing research yielding over 150 peptides in clinical development and an additional 400–600 peptides undergoing preclinical studies. Peptides play a crucial role in cancer research and treatment, and they can be involved in various aspects of cancer development, detection, and treatment. These medicines demonstrate exceptional efficacy in combating cancer, contributing to improved survival rates for cancer patients.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review Video
Virtual Travel
Virtual experience in tourism and hospitality can be broadly described as the totality of tourists’ affective, cognitive, and sensorial responses before, during, and after interaction with the virtual environment (VR). VR is traditionally defined as a computer-generated environment where the user has an opportunity to immerse, look around, and control the experience. Technologies represented in virtual reality range from 360° videos, VR, AR, and virtual meetings to the digital world as a persistent virtual environment, which can be broadly classified based on the levels of immersion, presence, and complexity. The levels of immersion can be defined as non-immersive (e.g., computer, display, mice), semi-immersive (e.g., high-resolution displays, projectors, hard simulators), and fully immersive (e.g., VR glasses, head mount display), based on the type of simulation and degree of user’s abstraction from the real world.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Water, Land as Shared Resources
Although agriculture and aquaculture depend on access to increasingly scarce, shared water resources to produce food for human consumption, they are most often considered in isolation. We argue that they should be treated as integrated components of a single complex system that is prone to direct or indirect tradeoffs that should be avoided while also being amenable to synergies that should be sought. Direct tradeoffs such as competition for space or the pollution of shared water resources usually occur when the footprints of agriculture and aquaculture overlap or when the two practices coexist in close proximity to one another. Interactions can be modulated by factors such as hydropower infrastructure and short-term economic incentives, both of which are known to disrupt the balance between aquaculture and agriculture. Indirect tradeoffs, on the other hand, play out across distances, i.e., when agricultural food sources are diverted to feed animals in aquaculture. Synergies are associated with the culture of aquatic organisms in rice paddies and irrigation waters, seasonal rotations of crop cultivation with aquaculture, and various forms of integrated agriculture–aquaculture (IAA), including jitang, a highly developed variant of pond-dike IAA. Policy decisions, socioeconomic considerations, and technology warrant increased scrutiny as determinants of tradeoffs and synergies. Priority issues for the future include guiding the expansion of aquaculture from its traditional base in Asia, taking advantage of the heterogeneity that exists within both agricultural and aquaculture systems, the development of additional metrics of tradeoffs and synergies, and adapting to the effects of climate change.
  • 1.7K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Raman and Fluorescence Enhancement Approaches
The search for novel platforms and metamaterials for the enhancement of optical and particularly Raman signals is still an objective since optical techniques offer affordable, noninvasive methods with high spatial resolution and penetration depth adequate to detect and image a large variety of systems, from 2D materials to molecules in complex media and tissues. Plasmonic platforms produce the most efficient enhancement through the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) process, allowing to reach single molecule detection, and are the most studied ones. The formation of hot-spots is clue to obtain the maximum enhancements but has counterparts regarding reproducibility and homogeneity, which are required for quantification and imaging. Other light enhancement mechanisms such as resonant and interference Raman scattering, as well as their combinations with SERS are being explored. Fluorescence enhancement platforms and strategies, so important for bio-detection and imaging, are also being developed. Graphene and related materials have an important role to play in the design of the platforms.    
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Aducanumab Controversy
Finding treatments and cures for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extremely challenging and progress has been slow with many disappointments. Progress achieved using animals in research has rarely been replicated in humans. An example of the animal-to-human disconnect is the poor performance of amyloid-clearing antibodies in human trials. On June 7, aducanumab, an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, was granted accelerated approval by the FDA despite lack of support from its own Advisory Committee. In my opinion as an Alzheimer's researcher and internal medicine physician, this ill-considered decision is a mistake that will cause major setbacks in AD drug discovery, will harm the AD community and will lead to distrust of future treatments that actually work. This article reflects the opinion of this author alone. 
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Categorization of Radiation-Hardened-by-Design Flip-Flops
In this review, previously presented RHBD FFs are classified into three categories with an overview ofeach category. Six well-known RHBD FFs architectures are simulated using a 180 nm CMOS processto show a fair comparison between them while the conventional Transmission Gate Flip-Flop (TGFF)is used as a reference design for this comparison. The results of the comparison are analyzed to givesome important highlights about each design.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Phenol Removals
Phenol acts as a pollutant even at very low concentrations in water. It is classified as one of the main priority pollutants that need to be treated before being discharged into the environment. If phenolic-based compounds are discharged into the environment without any treatments, they pose serious health risks to humans, animals, and aquatic systems.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency in Smart Cities
Cities are constantly facing major challenges, mainly due to continuous population growth and their diversion to urban living. These challenges depend on cities’ geography and culture but, not exhaustively, are, namely: congestion management, excess pollution, resource usage, absence of satisfactory physical and social infrastructures, necessity to maintain continuous sustainable economic growth, and increasingly narrower energy and environmental obligations. The energy transition on the roadmap to a decarbonized economy can never be implemented effectively, both in terms of costs and timing, without energy efficiency being the priority, and cities will have a crucial role in such a process.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fire Extinguishing Efficiency and Mechanism of C6F12O
The fire extinguishing efficiency of C6F12O has been fully investigated in both a laboratory burner scale and full-scale fire extinguishing experiment, the results of which show that the minimum extinguishing volume concentration of C6F12O is lower than HFCs, but the mass concentration is much higher. Although C6F12O has shown satisfactory fire extinguishing performance in various fire protection scenarios, fire enhancement phenomenon and the large production of HF have been observed during fire extinguishment. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing mechanism of C6F12O has been discussed. The flame suppression effect of C6F12O, combustion enhancement phenomenon and the influence of water in the reaction zone have been revealed. 
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition in Nanofabrication
The growing need for increasingly miniaturized devices has placed high importance and demands on nanofabrication technologies with high-quality, low temperatures, and low-cost techniques. The development and advances in atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes boosted interest in their use in advanced electronic and nano/microelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) device manufacturing. In this context, non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has been highlighted because it allowed the ALD technique to expand its process window and the fabrication of several nanomaterials at reduced temperatures, allowing thermosensitive substrates to be covered with good formability and uniformity. 
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Precision Agriculture and Sensor Systems Applications in Colombia
The growing global demand for food and the environmental impact caused by agriculture have made this activity increasingly dependent on electronics, information technology, and telecommunications technologies. In Colombia, agriculture is of great importance not only as a commercial activity, but also as a source of food and employment. However, the concept of smart agriculture has not been widely applied in this country, resulting in the high production of various types of crops due to the planting of large areas of land, rather than optimization of the processes involved in the activity. Due to its technical characteristics and the radio spectrum considered in its deployment, 5G can be seen as one of the technologies that could generate the greatest benefits for the Colombian agricultural sector, especially in the most remote rural areas, which currently lack mobile network coverage.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, and understand language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines; for example, as non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain become more and more widespread, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right. Psycholinguistics covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence out of vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as the processes that make it possible to understand utterances, words, text, etc. Developmental psycholinguistics studies infants' and children's ability to learn language, usually with experimental or at least quantitative methods (as opposed to naturalistic observations such as those made by Jean Piaget in his research on the development of children).
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Commercially Available Roofing Material
Roofing material is the outermost layer on the roof of a building, sometimes self-supporting, but generally supported by an underlying structure. A building's roofing material provides shelter from the natural elements. The outer layer of a roof shows great variation dependent upon availability of material, and the nature of the supporting structure. Those types of roofing material which are commercially available range from natural products such as thatch and slate to commercially produced products such as tiles and polycarbonate sheeting. Roofing materials may be placed on top of a secondary water-resistant material called underlayment.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
SERS for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
Detection of foodborne pathogens at an early stage is very important to control food quality and improve medical response. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent requirement in health safety, medical diagnostics, environmental safety, and controlling food quality. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a real-time detection method that depends on the inelastic scattering of excitation light and molecular resonance, and has been applied to different applications for detecting and classifying various pathogens.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
William M. Jackson
William Morgan Jackson (born September 24, 1936) is a Distinguished Research and Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at University of California, Davis and pioneer in the field of astrochemistry. His work considers cometary astrochemistry and the development of laser photochemistry to understand planetary atmospheres. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Ame
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, mining, and other industries. UAVs can be flexibly equipped with various sensors, such as optical, infrared, and LIDAR, and become an essential remote sensing observation platform. Based on UAV remote sensing, researchers can obtain many high-resolution images, with each pixel being a centimeter or millimeter. 
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Logman
As the next version of Windows NT after Windows 2000, as well as the successor to Windows Me, Windows XP introduced many new features but it also removed some others.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Overall Features of Transdermal Drug Delivery
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is an alternative approach that allows the drug to permeate through skin and enter the systemic circulation, minimizing or avoiding the limitations of oral and parenteral formulations.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Biography
Susana Martinez-Conde
Susana Martinez-Conde (born October 1, 1969) is a neuroscientist and science writer. She is a professor of ophthalmology, neurology, and physiology & pharmacology at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, where she directs the Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience. She directed laboratories previously at the Barrow Neurological Institute and University College London.[1] He
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Nov 2022
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