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Topic Review
ABCB11 Gene
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11
  • 880
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Early-onset Myopathy with Fatal Cardiomyopathy
Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy (EOMFC) is an inherited muscle disease that affects the skeletal muscles, which are used for movement, and the heart (cardiac) muscle. This condition is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness that becomes apparent in early infancy. Affected individuals have delayed development of motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking. Beginning later in childhood, people with EOMFC may also develop joint deformities called contractures that restrict the movement of the neck and back. Scoliosis, which is an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine, also develops in late childhood.
  • 880
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Gene Therapy Approaches for the Hemophilia B
In contrast to the standard enzyme-replacement therapy, administered from once per 7–14 days to 2–3 times a week in patients with severe hemophilia B, as a result of a single injection, gene therapy can restore F9 gene expression and maintain it for a prolonged time. In clinical research, the approach of delivering a functional copy of a gene using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is widely used. The scientific community is actively researching possible modifications to improve delivery efficiency and expression. In preclinical studies, the possibility of genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the treatment of hemophilia B is also being actively studied.
  • 880
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome
Schwartz-Jampel syndrome is a rare condition characterized by permanent muscle stiffness (myotonia) and bone abnormalities known as chondrodysplasia.
  • 880
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly is a disorder that affects many parts of the body.
  • 879
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TGM1 Gene
Transglutaminase 1: The TGM1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called transglutaminase 1. 
  • 879
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TMCO1 Gene
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1: The TMCO1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms specialized structures called channels through which positively charged calcium atoms (calcium ions) flow.
  • 879
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CYP3A5 Genotype
Transplanted patients on tacrolimus treatment are sometimes switched from an immediate release (bid) formulation to a modified release (qd) formulation. Following the switch changes in drug concentrations can be observed. Published data suggest that these changes are more pronounced in CYP3A5 enzyme expressers than in non-expressers. Possibly these differences are due to the fact that in the upper region of the small intestine CYP3A activity is higher, and that this expression of CYP3A decreases towards the more distal parts of the gut. Modified release formulations may therefore be subject to less pre-systemic metabolism. In all patients in whom the formulation of tacrolimus is changed drug levels need to be checked to avoid clinically relevant under- or over-exposure. In patients with the CYP3A5 expresser genotype this recommendation is even more important, as changes in drug exposure can be expected. 
  • 879
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
GRN-Related Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
GRN-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a progressive brain disorder that can affect behavior, language, and movement.
  • 879
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Glycogen Storage Disease Type III
Glycogen storage disease type III (also known as GSDIII or Cori disease) is an inherited disorder caused by the buildup of a complex sugar called glycogen in the body's cells. The accumulated glycogen is structurally abnormal and impairs the function of certain organs and tissues, especially the liver and muscles.
  • 878
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ollier Disease
Ollier disease is a disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas, which are noncancerous (benign) growths of cartilage that develop within the bones. These growths most commonly occur in the limb bones, especially in the bones of the hands and feet; however, they may also occur in the skull, ribs, and bones of the spine (vertebrae). Enchondromas may result in severe bone deformities, shortening of the limbs, and fractures.
  • 878
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TCIRG1 Gene
TCIRG1 Gene: T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3. The TCIRG1 gene provides instructions for making one part, the a3 subunit, of a large protein complex known as a vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase).
  • 878
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Beta-Ureidopropionase Deficiency
Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is a disorder that causes excessive amounts of molecules called N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to be released in the urine. Neurological problems ranging from mild to severe also occur in some affected individuals.
  • 878
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
FKTN Gene
Fukutin: The FKTN gene (formerly known as FCMD) provides instructions for making a protein called fukutin. 
  • 878
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TRPV4 Gene
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4: The TRPV4 gene provides instructions for making a protein that acts as a calcium channel. 
  • 878
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Immune Thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by a blood abnormality called thrombocytopenia, which is a shortage of blood cells called platelets that are needed for normal blood clotting.
  • 878
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Myhre Syndrome
Myhre syndrome is a rare condition that affects connective tissue. Connective tissue provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body. Myhre syndrome has a variety of signs and symptoms that affect many parts of the body, though not everyone has all the possible features. The features of the condition can range in severity, and some features become more apparent with age.
  • 878
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency is a genetic condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. Signs and symptoms of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency usually begin before age 2 but can appear later in mildly affected individuals.
  • 878
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
MN1 Gene
MN1 proto-oncogene, transcriptional regulator
  • 877
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Hereditary Hyperekplexia
Hereditary hyperekplexia is a condition in which affected infants have increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and an exaggerated startle reaction to unexpected stimuli, especially loud noises.
  • 877
  • 23 Dec 2020
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