TMCO1 Gene

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1		Rui Liu	+ 403 word(s)	403	2020-12-15 08:12:36

This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tmco1

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1: The TMCO1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms specialized structures called channels through which positively charged calcium atoms (calcium ions) flow.

genes

1. Normal Function

The TMCO1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms specialized structures called channels through which positively charged calcium atoms (calcium ions) flow. The protein is found in the membrane of a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which acts as a storage center for calcium ions. When there is too much calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum, four TMCO1 proteins come together to form a channel that releases the excess calcium into the surrounding fluid inside the cell (cytoplasm).

The TMCO1 protein helps regulate the balance of calcium ions inside the endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium acts as a signal for many cellular functions including cell growth and division and gene activity. The proper balance of these ions in cells and in cell compartments is important for the development and function of various tissues and organs.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia

At least four TMCO1 gene mutations have been found to cause cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia, which is characterized by severe intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and bone abnormalities that primarily involve the ribs and spinal bones (vertebrae). The gene mutations that cause cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia lead to production of abnormally short TMCO1 proteins that are likely broken down quickly. Without this protein, TMCO1 channels cannot form, and excess calcium builds up in the endoplasmic reticulum. The imbalance of calcium in this compartment disrupts development of a variety of tissues and organs, including the brain and structures in the head, face, and torso, resulting in the features of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia.

2.2. Other disorders

Genetic variations in the TMCO1 gene or in regions of the DNA that control the gene's activity are associated with the development of an eye disorder called primary open-angle glaucoma, which is a common cause of vision loss worldwide. This condition results from damage to the nerves that connect the eyes and the brain (the optic nerves) and typically develops in older adults. TMCO1 gene variations appear to be a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma in certain populations, including people of European descent, but not in others. How these genetic variations contribute to the condition is unknown. Additional genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in development of this eye disorder.

3. Other Names for This Gene

TMCC4

References

Alanay Y, Ergüner B, Utine E, Haçariz O, Kiper PO, Taşkıran EZ, Perçin F, UzE, Sağiroğlu MŞ, Yuksel B, Boduroglu K, Akarsu NA. TMCO1 deficiency causesautosomal recessive cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A. 2014Feb;164A(2):291-304. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36248.
Burdon KP, Macgregor S, Hewitt AW, Sharma S, Chidlow G, Mills RA, Danoy P,Casson R, Viswanathan AC, Liu JZ, Landers J, Henders AK, Wood J, Souzeau E,Crawford A, Leo P, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Nyholt DR, Martin NG, Montgomery GW,Mitchell P, Brown MA, Mackey DA, Craig JE. Genome-wide association studyidentifies susceptibility loci for open angle glaucoma at TMCO1 and CDKN2B-AS1.Nat Genet. 2011 Jun;43(6):574-8. doi: 10.1038/ng.824.
Michael Yates T, Ng OH, Offiah AC, Willoughby J, Berg JN; DDD Study, JohnsonDS. Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia: Four new patients with a recurrent TMCO1pathogenic variant. Am J Med Genet A. 2019 Jan;179(1):43-49. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.60678.
Pehlivan D, Karaca E, Aydin H, Beck CR, Gambin T, Muzny DM, Bilge Geckinli B, Karaman A, Jhangiani SN; Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR.Whole-exome sequencing links TMCO1 defect syndrome with cerebro-facio-thoracicdysplasia. Eur J Hum Genet. 2014 Sep;22(9):1145-8. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.291.
van Koolwijk LM, Ramdas WD, Ikram MK, Jansonius NM, Pasutto F, Hysi PG,Macgregor S, Janssen SF, Hewitt AW, Viswanathan AC, ten Brink JB, Hosseini SM,Amin N, Despriet DD, Willemse-Assink JJ, Kramer R, Rivadeneira F, Struchalin M,Aulchenko YS, Weisschuh N, Zenkel M, Mardin CY, Gramer E, Welge-Lüssen U,Montgomery GW, Carbonaro F, Young TL; DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Bellenguez C,McGuffin P, Foster PJ, Topouzis F, Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Wong TY, Czudowska MA,Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Wolfs RC, de Jong PT, Oostra BA, Paterson AD; WellcomeTrust Case Control Consortium 2, Mackey DA, Bergen AA, Reis A, Hammond CJ,Vingerling JR, Lemij HG, Klaver CC, van Duijn CM. Common genetic determinants of intraocular pressure and primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS Genet.2012;8(5):e1002611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002611.
Wang QC, Zheng Q, Tan H, Zhang B, Li X, Yang Y, Yu J, Liu Y, Chai H, Wang X,Sun Z, Wang JQ, Zhu S, Wang F, Yang M, Guo C, Wang H, Zheng Q, Li Y, Chen Q, ZhouA, Tang TS. TMCO1 Is an ER Ca(2+) Load-Activated Ca(2+) Channel. Cell. 2016 Jun2;165(6):1454-1466. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.051.

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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity

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Rui Liu

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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus

Update Date: 25 Dec 2020

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