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Topic Review
Managerial in the Tourism Industry
Globalization and intense competition force organizations to be flexible and adaptable to constant changes in the market. According to many researchers, innovation is a crucial source of competitive advantage in the continuously changing environment. Many studies in the area of management present innovation as one of the most significant factors for enhancing organizational performance.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Digital Economy
With the development of digital technologies such as the Internet and digital industries such as e-commerce, the digital economy has become a new form of economic and social development, which has brought forth a new perspective for environmental governance, energy conservation, and emission reduction. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Aug 2021
Topic Review
External Costs of Inland Transport
Sustainable transport, such as using inland waterway transport (IWT), represents a major pillar of the European Green Deal to reduce global warming. To evaluate the different inland transport modes (road, rail, IWT), it is crucial to know the external costs of these modes.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Oil Prices and the Hydrocarbon Markets
There are two streams of studies that investigate the impact of oil price shocks on the selected hydrocarbon prices. First, the empirical studies that presume, due to the global nature of the crude oil market, the world oil price is an exogenous determining variable to the evolution of the local hydrocarbon markets such as natural gas or natural gas liquids (NGLs). Second, recent empirical studies that have improved our understanding of the source of oil price changes. They treat the real price of oil as an endogenous variable, identify the causes underlying oil price shocks, and then evaluate the impact of structural supply and demand shocks on the other hydrocarbon prices. The first strand of studies does not represent a consensus on the relationship between crude oil and other hydrocarbon prices -- some demonstrate stable and asymmetric relationships and some find no relationship or a very weak relationship. The second strand of studies shows that oil supply-side shocks have a transitory and temporary impact while oil demand-side shocks have a persistent and permanent impact on other hydrocarbon prices. In addition, it shows that the structural shocks in the global crude oil market explain approximately 50% of the variation in the other hydrocarbon markets in the long run.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Role of Innovation in Sustainable Development
Innovation and innovative activity are powerful tools for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, regions, and countries. The level of innovative activity is an excellent indicator of a country’s efforts towards sustainable development and its ability to be up to date. Innovations are fundamental tools for high-tech product manufacturing and technological improvement in industries. This theme is deeply developed by world organisations and agencies and presents increasing evidence in academic and scientific spheres.
  • 991
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Effect on Real Estate Investment Trust Returns
Using an extended Fama–French model for real estate investment trust (REIT) returns, this paper examines how the net impact of the COVID-19 pandemic differs from that of recessions. The authors find that, as anticipated, recessions have a negative net impact on office and residential REIT returns but that the COVID-19 pandemic has a positive net influence on industrial REIT returns because of e-commerce and the demand for storage, distribution, and shipping. Contrary to what are anticipated, there are no negative net effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on office and residential REIT returns, perhaps caused by both existing office and residential leases, the percentage rent clause for commercial properties, and the grace period for residential properties during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast to moving solely during recessions and the COVID-19 pandemic, the research finds that retail REIT returns fluctuate along with ongoing macro/asset-pricing conditions throughout the boom and bust cycle.
  • 987
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry Outbound Open Innovation
The nature of the bio-pharmaceutical industry is innovation as the main driving force behind its growth. To overcome the challenges that the industry has been facing for several years and to inflect stagnating Research and development (R&D) productivity, bio-pharmaceutical companies started to disclose their R&D results to external innovation [1]. The bio-pharmaceutical industry has distinguished features that make it a fertile ground for adopting open innovation and for studying its managerial and organizational implications. Due to the high risk in development process, the bio-pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself into an open innovation framework in order to overcome economic risk.
  • 978
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Building the Circular Supply Chain
The circular supply chain involves return processes and the manufacturer intends to capture additional value in the supply chain. In this paper, value chains have been mapped to visualize the links and interactions between the different stages and actors to understand the complexities of these systems and to make informed decisions. It can be concluded that to develop a new relationship capacity will allow for reaching more frequent, closer relationships with more actors. These relationships will be developed within an adapted organizational and logistical framework that is framed in new business model archetypes. However, dimensions related to the business environment such as sectoral, legislative, and fiscal frameworks must be incorporated.
  • 974
  • 11 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Foreign-Exchange Reserves
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) is money or other assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority so that it can pay its liabilities if needed, such as the currency issued by the central bank, as well as the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government and other financial institutions. Reserves are held in one or more reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar and to a lesser extent the Euro.
  • 953
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Means Test
A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help.
  • 953
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Accountability in the Social Economy
The great demands of stakeholders and the high importance of private social solidarity institutions (IPSS) (acronym in Portuguese, standing for Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social) in the Portuguese socio-economic panorama make the transparency and increased accountability (social, financial and economic) of these institutions imperative. In the same sense, Tomé, Bandeira, Azevedo and Costa reinforced that it is necessary to promote the evaluation of results and their disclosure to help to increase their accountability. Decree-Law no.172-A/2014 established a financial supervision model, applicable to IPSS, based on demanding imperative rules, with the view to increasing the accountability of the management of these entities, placing strong pressure for greater accountability (social and corporate responsibility of IPSS’ managers) for their members, funders, users and citizens in general.
  • 951
  • 24 Jan 2022
Biography
Pieter de La Court
Pieter de la Court (1618 – May 28, 1685) was a Dutch economist and businessman, he is the origin of the successful De la Court family. He pioneered modern thinking about the economic importance of free competition and was an uncompromising advocate of the republican form of government. Pieter de la Court was born in Leiden, the son of Pieter de la Court the Elder and Jeanne des Planques. Hi
  • 951
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Rural–Urban Industry Linkages
Rural–urban linkages refer to the goods, people, and money transfers between rural and urban places, and have long been a focus for economic development researchers and practitioners alike. Urban places typically have higher incomes and more diverse market segments, making greater rural–urban market integration a potentially lucrative business and rural development strategy. Indeed, urban-adjacent rural communities often have comparative advantages in the production of food, energy, tourism, and other rural goods and services desired by urban consumers. Thus, identifying how these interdependent economic flows affect the economic prosperity of rural places may better inform rural development policies and strategies.
  • 942
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Job Quality
We present the concept of job quality and its measurement. We discuss a recently introduced approach which evaluates job quality at the worker-level (micro-level). It considers eleven dimensions grouped into three main groups: core objective dimensions, complementary objective dimensions, and subjective dimensions.
  • 938
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Corporate Social Responsibility in Corporate Strategies of SDGs
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a unique collective agreement of the modern time, which was concluded between government, society, and business at a global scale and which ensures outstanding progress in sustainable development. Society is the direct beneficiary of the SDGs, but bears the lowest expenditures for their implementation and, thus, supports them. The government protects society’s interests, and implementation of the SDGs is among its main responsibilities. Participation of business in the achievement of the SDGs is complex and contradictory, deserving special attention. It is no coincidence that the necessity for the integration of the SDGs into corporate strategies is a part of the agenda in the Decade of Action.
  • 936
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Asset Management, Complex System Governance
Asset management (AsM) has emerged from engineering as a structured approach to organizing complex organizations to realize the value of assets while balancing performance, risks, costs, and opportunities. Complex system governance (CSG) is an emerging field encompassing a framework for system performance improvement through the purposeful design, execution, and evolution of essential metasystem functions.
  • 919
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Green Finance & Green Monetary Policy: Different Approaches
Strictly speaking, green finance is part of the broader concept of sustainable finance, a term that explicitly includes social issues, while climate finance is a narrower element of green finance. However, in practice, the distinction between sustainable and green finance and sustainable and green monetary policy is often not made but the terms are used synonymously. Hence, we follow this tradition and use the term green finance and green monetary policy to refer to both. Green finance and green monetary monetary policy are related to each other and can be classified on a common ground. In general, neoliberal, reformist and progressive forms of green finance and green monetary policy can be distinguished. 
  • 918
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Natural Gas in the Transition of Energy
Natural gas is considered an important bridge in the transition of energy in the world. However, the development and management of unconventional gas now face many challenges.  Natural gas consumption and population have a long-run relationship with CO2 emissions. Consistent with other studies, there is a positive relationship between CO2 emissions and natural gas consumption, GDP, and population.
  • 915
  • 18 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Capital Contributions to Food Security
Social capital creates a synergy that benefits all members of a community. This review examines how social capital contributes to the food security of communities. A systematic literature review, based on Prisma, is designed to provide a state of the art review on capacity social capital in this realm. The output of this method led to finding 39 related articles. Studying these articles illustrates that social capital improves food security through two mechanisms of knowledge sharing and product sharing (i.e., sharing food products). It reveals that social capital through improving the food security pillars (i.e., food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, and food system stability) affects food security. In other words, the interaction among the community members results in sharing food products and information among community members, which facilitates food availability and access to food. There are many shreds of evidence in the literature that sharing food and food products among the community member decreases household food security and provides healthy nutrition to vulnerable families, and improves the food utilization pillar of food security. It is also disclosed that belonging to the social networks increases the community members’ resilience and decreases the community’s vulnerability that subsequently strengthens the stability of a food system.
  • 899
  • 26 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Renewable Energy and Economic Growth
The clean development mechanism entails a vast deployment of renewable energy technologies to enhance sustainable development. Energy security is quickly becoming a reality as various renewable energy supplies are exploited because of their potential for mitigating GHG emissions. As part of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), the Kyoto Protocol incorporates the idea of a “clean development framework”. Developed nations would contribute to emission reduction measures, which would then fund renewable energy programs in the developing world. Increasing the usage of green technology and renewable energy sources can help address this problem. However, mass sustainable energy development faces a few obstacles, including unpredictability, input–output cost analysis, higher manufacturing costs, and a lack of knowledge and financial resources. Renewable energy sources are critical to a country’s overall growth. Developing countries must increase their reliance on renewable energy sources.
  • 896
  • 13 Sep 2022
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