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Topic Review
Versatile OpenHAB IoT Testbed
This research presents the design and implementation of a versatile IoT testbed utilizing the openHAB platform, along with various wireless interfaces, including Z-Wave, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, 4G-LTE (Long-Term Evolution), and IR (Infrared Radiation), and an array of sensors for motion, temperature, luminance, humidity, vibration, UV (ultraviolet), and energy consumption.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Microservices-Based Approach for Intelligent Railway Control System Architecture
The symmetry between customer expectations and operator goals, on one hand, and the digital transition of the railways, on the other hand, is one of the main factors affecting green transport sustainability. The concept of an intelligent railway controller (IRC) is introduced as being a piece of cloud software responsible for the control and optimization of railway operations. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Magnavox Odyssey²
The Magnavox Odyssey², also known as Philips Odyssey², is a second generation home video game console that was released in 1978. It was sold in Europe as the Philips Videopac G7000, in Brazil as the Philips Odyssey and in Japan as Odyssey2 (オデッセイ2 odessei2). The Odyssey² was one of the major three home consoles prior to the 1983 video game market crash, along with Atari 2600 and Intellivision. In the early 1970s, Magnavox pioneered the home video game industry by successfully bringing the first home console to market, the Odyssey, which was quickly followed by a number of later models, each with a few technological improvements (see Magnavox Odyssey series). In 1978, Magnavox, now a subsidiary of North American Philips, decided to release an all-new successor, Odyssey². In 2009, the video game website IGN named the Odyssey² the 21st greatest video game console, out of its list of 25.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
May 24: Samuel Morse Sends the First Telegraph Message
On May 24, 1844, Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791–1872), an American inventor and artist, transmitted the first long-distance electrical telegraph message between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, inaugurating a new era in electrical communication. The message, “What hath God wrought?”, was received by Alfred Vail, Morse’s collaborator, and marked the first public demonstration of the potential of the electromagnetic telegraph system.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 May 2025
Topic Review
Radio Advertisement
In the United States, commercial radio stations make most of their revenue by selling airtime to be used for running radio advertisements. These advertisements are the result of a business or a service providing a valuable consideration, usually money, in exchange for the station airing their commercial or mentioning them on air. The most common advertisements are "spot commercials", which normally last for no more than one minute, and longer programs, commonly running up to one hour, known as "informercials". The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established under the Communications Act of 1934, regulates commercial broadcasting, and the laws regarding radio advertisements remain relatively unchanged from the Radio Act of 1927. In 2015, radio accounted for 7.8% of total U.S. media expenditures.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The 5G Spectrum Standardization
The rapid increase in data traffic caused by the proliferation of smart devices has spurred the demand for extremely large-capacity wireless networks. Thus, faster data transmission rates and greater spectral efficiency have become critical requirements in modern-day networks. The ubiquitous 5G is an end-to-end network capable of accommodating billions of linked devices and offering high-performance broadcast services due to its several enabling technologies.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
American International Health Alliance
American International Health Alliance (AIHA) is a nonprofit organisation aiming for assisting the global health. The organisation has managed more than 175 partnerships and project across the globe. In 2012, AIHA obtained the support of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR] project  to strengthen the blood service in Central Asia, Ukraine, and Cambodia. Due to its structure based on the programmatic modal and dynamic condition, this organisation is suitable to assist the community or worldwide countries which have limited resources, and it is beneficial for sustainable evolution. AIHA is contributing to improve the worldwide health conditions. This organisation has been associated and largely contributed in the HIV-related area since 2000.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Envisat
Envisat ("Environmental Satellite") is a large inactive Earth-observing satellite which is still in orbit. Operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), it was the world's largest civilian Earth observation satellite. It was launched on 1 March 2002 aboard an Ariane 5 from the Guyana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana, into a Sun synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 790 km (490 mi) (± 10 km or 6.2 mi). It orbits the Earth in about 101 minutes, with a repeat cycle of 35 days. After losing contact with the satellite on 8 April 2012, ESA formally announced the end of Envisat's mission on 9 May 2012. Envisat cost €2.3 billion (including €300 million for 5 years of operations) to develop and launch. The mission is due to be replaced by the Sentinel series of satellites. The first of these, Sentinel 1, has taken over the radar duties of Envisat since its launch in 2014.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
In-band On-channel
In-band on-channel (IBOC) is a hybrid method of transmitting digital radio and analog radio broadcast signals simultaneously on the same frequency. By utilizing additional digital subcarriers or sidebands, digital information is "multiplexed" on an AM or FM analog signal, thus avoiding re-allocation of the broadcast bands. However, by putting RF energy outside of the normally-defined channel, interference to adjacent channel stations is increased when using digital sidebands. The addition of the digital sidebands works better in the United States, where the FM broadcast band channels have a spacing of 200 kHz, as opposed to the 100 kHz that is normal elsewhere. The 200 kHz spacing means that in practice, stations having concurrent or adjacent coverage areas will not be spaced at less than 400 kHz. Outside of the US, spacing can be 300 kHz, which causes problems with the IBOC digital sidebands. IBOC does allow for multiple program channels, though this can entail taking some existing subcarriers off the air to make additional bandwidth available in the modulation baseband. On FM, this could eventually mean removing stereo. On AM, IBOC is incompatible with analog stereo, and any additional channels are limited to highly compressed voice, such as traffic and weather. Eventually, stations can go from hybrid mode (both analog and digital) to all-digital, by eliminating the baseband monophonic audio.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scalable Link Interface
Scalable Link Interface (SLI) is a brand name for a multi-GPU technology developed by Nvidia for linking two or more video cards together to produce a single output. SLI is a parallel processing algorithm for computer graphics, meant to increase the available processing power. The initialism SLI was first used by 3dfx for Scan-Line Interleave, which was introduced to the consumer market in 1998 and used in the Voodoo2 line of video cards. After buying out 3dfx, Nvidia acquired the technology but did not use it. Nvidia later reintroduced the SLI name in 2004 and intended for it to be used in modern computer systems based on the PCI Express (PCIe) bus; however, the technology behind the name SLI has changed dramatically.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Security in V2I Communications
The number of vehicles equipped with wireless connections has increased considerably. The impact of that growth in areas such as telecommunications, infotainment, and automatic driving is enormous. More and more drivers want to be part of a vehicular network, despite the implications or risks that, for instance, the openness of wireless communications, its dynamic topology, and its considerable size may bring. Undoubtedly, this trend is because of the benefits the vehicular network can offer. Generally, a vehicular network has two modes of communication (V2I and V2V). The advantage of V2I over V2V is roadside units’ high computational and transmission power, which assures the functioning of early warning and driving guidance services. Researchers have identified the non-resistance to attacks, the regular updating and exposure of keys, and the high dependence on certification authorities as main vulnerabilities. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
GeForce 500 Series
A refresh of the Fermi based GeForce 400 series, the GeForce 500 series is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia, first released on November 9, 2010 with the GeForce GTX 580.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Weekday Cartoon
A weekday cartoon is the colloquial term for the animated series programming that was typically scheduled on weekday mornings and afternoons in the United States on many major television networks and in broadcast syndication since the 1960s.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
DASH7 Alliance
The DASH7 Alliance (D7A) is a group of companies and universities managing the evolution of the Dash7 Alliance protocol. The goal of the group is to create a complete interoperable RF technology to exchange data for wireless sensor networks and devices at a block scale (300m–1 km). Initially created with the participation of the US DoD and Lockheed Martin in 2009, the group evolved from RFID military needs (ISO-18000-7 support group role), to an industrial generic requirement. The Dash7 Alliance continued to forge an extensive experience in high reliability 433 MHz networks and extended it to 868/915 MHz. Unlike other protocols, Dash7 Alliance published layered based protocols to ensure interoperability up to the file exchange layers. A complete Open Source implementation, OSS-7, as well as industrial implementations enabled to create a certification lab and organize regular plugfest. The DASH7 Alliance was a privately held, 501(c)3 not-for-profit trade association founded in February 2009 and headquartered in San Ramon, California. Since 2015, it is a European NGO based in Brussels, Belgium.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smart Distribution Networks Resilience Quantification
The introduction of pervasive telecommunication devices, in the scope of smart grids (SGs), has accentuated interest in the distribution network, which integrates a huge portion of new grid applications. High impact low probability (HILP) events, such as natural hazards, manmade errors, and cyber-attacks, as well as the inherent fragility of the distribution grid have propelled the development of effective resilience tools and methods for the power distribution network (PDN) to avoid catastrophic infrastructural and economical losses.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
User Association Performance Trade-Offs in Integrated RF/mmWave/THz Communications
6G and beyond wireless networks will be utilizing RF (below 6 GHz) mm-Wave, and sub THz frequency bands for user access. These three bands, however, have distinct propagation characteristics and bandwidths. Associating users across these bands using available radio resources while meeting different Quality of Services across slices is a difficult optimization problem.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Network Traffic Prediction in Digital Twin Network
Due to the spread of realistic services such as virtual reality/augmented reality, hologram content, and metaverse, communication networks are becoming more complex, and network management is becoming more complex accordingly. Digital twin network technology, which applies digital twin technology to the communications network field, is predicted to be an effective means of managing complex modern networks.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Dependability of 6G Networks
The sixth-generation (6G) communication networks must be highly dependable due to the foreseen connectivity of critical infrastructures through these networks. Dependability is a compound metric of four well-known concepts—reliability, availability, safety, and security.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
TDMA-Based Radio Frequency Identification Anti-Collision Algorithm
RFID (radio frequency identification) is a self-delivery identification technology that uses radio frequency for non-contact, two-way data exchange. It uses special tags that contain information about the object, which transmit data wirelessly to be read and processed by a reader. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-Aided Internet of Things
With the surge of Internet of Things (IoT) applications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), there is a huge demand for an excellent complexity/power efficiency trade-off and channel fading resistance at the physical layer.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Sep 2022
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