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Topic Review
Teapot
A teapot is a vessel used for steeping tea leaves or a herbal mix in boiling or near-boiling water, and for serving the resulting infusion which is called tea. Dry tea is available either in tea bags or as loose tea, in which case a tea infuser or tea strainer may be of some assistance, either to hold the leaves as they steep or to catch the leaves inside the teapot when the tea is poured. Teapots usually have an opening with a lid at their top, where the dry tea and hot water are added, a handle for holding by hand and a spout through which the tea is served. Some teapots have a strainer built-in on the inner edge of the spout. A small air hole in the lid is often created to stop the spout from dripping and splashing when tea is poured. In modern times, a thermal cover called a tea cosy may be used to enhance the steeping process or to prevent the contents of the teapot from cooling too rapidly.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lightweight Structural Materials
The field of lightweight structural materials is a very vast domain. It includes all plastic materials and light alloys, either individually or as part of multi-material composites.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process of Dissimilar Metals
Special attention is required when joining two materials with distinct chemical, physical and thermal properties in order to make the joint bond robust and rigid. Welded samples employing ER-309L filler wires had a microstructure consisting of a delta ferrite network in an austenite matrix. The tensile strength experimental results revealed that welding current, followed by GFR, was a highly influential parameter on tensile strength. Weld metals had higher hardness and flexural strength than stainless steel and carbon steel base metals. 
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Manufacturing 4.0
The manufacturing industry has undergone numerous revolutions over the years, with a unanimous acceptance of the greater benefits of being sustainable. The present industrial wave—Industry 4.0—by using its enabling technologies and principles holds great potential to develop sustainable manufacturing paradigms which require balancing out the three fundamental elements—products, processes, and systems. Yet, numerous stakeholders, including industrial policy and decision makers, remain oblivious of such potential and requirements. Thus, this bibliometric study is aimed at presenting an overview of the broad field of research on the convergence of sustainable manufacturing and Industry 4.0 under the umbrella of “Sustainable Manufacturing 4.0”, which has yet to be developed. 
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Laser Wakefield Electron Acceleration
Laser wakefield electron acceleration (LWFA) is an emerging technology for the next generation of electron accelerators. As intense laser technology has rapidly developed, LWFA has overcome its limitations and has proven its possibilities to facilitate compact high-energy electron beams.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Symmetry and Metal Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) is proving to be a promising new and economical technique for the manufacture of metal parts. This technique basically consists of depositing material in a more or less precise way until a solid is built. This stage of material deposition allows the acquisition of a part with a quasi-final geometry (considered a Near Net Shape process) with a very high raw material utilization rate.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Accuracy Improvement in Double-Sided Incremental Forming Process
Low geometric accuracy is one of the main limitations in double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) with a rough surface finish, long forming time, and excessive sheet thinning. The lost contact between the support tool and the sheet is considered the main reason for the geometric error. Toolpath compensations strategies improve geometric precision without adding extra tooling to the setup. It relies on formulas, simulation, and algorithm-based studies to enhance the part accuracy. Toolpath adaptation improves the part accuracy by adding additional equipment such as pneumatically or spring-loaded support tools or changing the conventional toolpath sequence such as accumulative-DSIF (ADSIF) and its variants. It also includes forming multi-region parts with various arrangements. Toolpath adaptation mostly requires experimental trial-and-error experiments to adjust parameters to obtain the desired shape with precision. Material redistribution strategies are effective for high-wall-angle parts.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Amazon Natural Fibers
The Amazon rainforest, spanning multiple countries in South America, is the world’s largest equatorial expanse, housing a vast array of relatively unknown plant and animal species. Encompassing the planet’s greatest flora, the Amazon offers a tremendous variety of plants from which natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) can be extracted. In this century, NLFs, which have long been utilized by indigenous populations of the Amazon, have garnered interest as potential reinforcements for composites, whether polymer- or cement-based, in various technical applications such as packaging, construction, automotive products, and ballistic armor. A comparison with synthetic materials like glass, carbon, and aramid fibers, as well as other established NLFs, highlights the cost and specific property advantages of Amazon natural fibers (ANFs). 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Job Shop Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) are manufacturing systems that can fabricate diverse product types simultaneously under programmed control at various workstations.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Smart Data
The digital transformation of manufacturing firms, in addition to making operations more efficient, offers important opportunities both to promote the transition to a circular economy and to experiment with new techniques for designing smarter and greener products.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Aluminium friction-stir welding with nanoparticles
Welding is a widely used and critical joining process in fabrication industries and consumes a lot of energy and materials. Friction stir welding process is most commonly and emerging process in solid state processes. In FSW, heat for welding is generated with pressure applied between the rotational tool and base metal, leading to plastic deformation without melting of the base metal and without change in the primary microstructure of the base metal. Aluminium and its alloys have been seen to be a viable and, in some cases, superior alternative to steel. the FSW process occurs below the melting temperature of the Al alloys, resulting in avoidance of metal solidification defects, less deformation, porosity and cracks, and improved mechanical integrity of the joints. For improving mechanical properties, nanoparticles have commonly been used as reinforcement particles, as their size leads to uniform dispersion, grain refinement and reducing joint flaws.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Smart Manufacturing
The Fourth Industrial Revolution drives industries from traditional manufacturing to the smart manufacturing approach. In this transformation, existing equipment, processes, or devices are retrofitted with some sensors and other cyber-physical systems (CPS), and adapted towards digital production, which is a blend of critical enabling technologies. In the current scenario of Industry 4.0, industries are shaping themselves towards the development of customized and cost-effective processes to satisfy customer needs with the aid of a digital twin framework, which enables the user to monitor, simulate, control, optimize, and identify defects and trends within, ongoing process, and reduces the chances of human prone errors. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 in Medium-Sized Enterprises
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is a broad term increasingly used across industries to refer to organisational, social and economic changes that result from the intensive use of digital technologies. It generally implies the adoption of a series of practices that rely heavily on the Internet and other technologies to share and analyse data, most notably, the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI). I4.0 data-driven processes are touted to enhance productivity and expand supply and value chains in new product development. In manufacturing, I4.0 practices include collecting and sharing data using sensors in interconnected devices and using digital technologies for processing and analysing data to take new actions. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Global Utilizations of Cement Kiln Dust
A large quantity of cement kiln dust is produced daily, associated with ordinary Portland cement production worldwide. Most of these quantities are disposed of in landfills to meet the environmental requirement. Meanwhile, only a small proportion can be recycled in cement manufacturing. Recently, utilizing cement kiln dust (CKD) in many commercial applications has significantly increased due to the potential benefits of adding CKD, in different percentages, to the engineering properties of the prepared product. Moreover, utilizing CKD as a partial replacement for cement in industrial applications reduces the overconsumption of natural resources used for cement manufacturing and promotes sustainability.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Research Progress on Cu–15Ni–8Sn Alloys
The Cu–15Ni–8Sn (C72900) alloy is a typical spinodal hardened copper alloy engineered for high strength, elasticity, and stress relaxation resistance. Compared with Cu-Be alloy, the comprehensive properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy are equal, and it has no toxicity during manufacturing and processing. In addition, the properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy are much better than those of Cu-Be alloy at high temperature.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Textile Development of Czech Republic
The textile branch includes mainly the processing of textile fibers, the production of yarns and various fabrics (fabrics, knitwear nonwovens and nano assmblies) and their use for clothing purposes and technical applications. This branch belonged, belongs and will probably continue to belong to fields using new technical solutions very quickly.The major factors involved in developement of textile branch are discussed.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Integration of CVD Graphene on Silicon Wafers
The exceptional electronic, optical and mechanical properties of graphene can lead to revolutionary new devices. Since the transfer process of graphene from a dedicated growth substrate to another substrate is prone to induce defects and contamination and can increase costs, there is a large interest in methods for growing graphene directly on silicon wafers. It has become clear that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most promising process to guarantee large-area high-quality graphene.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
3D Printed Integrated Sensors
The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. 
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Fundamentals of the Laser Ablation Method
The process of the pulsed-laser-induced quenching of liquid-solid interface reactions and pulsed laser evaporation to form composite films were then covered in depth, which provided a theoretical framework for the creation of new techniques for the synthesis of nanostructures. The laser irradiation process in a liquid environment, also known as laser ablation in liquid (LAL), can greatly improve ablation efficiency. The function of the liquids, such as water, involves heat transfer (conduction or convection) and bubble movement, which aids in the removal of the ablation particles that have been redeposited on the surface of the material and inhibits the fragmentation of chip oxidation. In addition, the liquid environment effectively cools the targets, preventing excessive heat buildup. Therefore, LAL can be widely used in laser cleaning and laser shock peening. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Influence of Cold Spray Parameters on Bonding Mechanisms
The cold spray process is governed by the impact of high velocity feedstock particles onto a substrate without melting. Hence, the bulk material properties are retained. However, it is challenging to achieve good adhesion strength. The adhesion strength depends on factors such as the cold spray process parameters, substrate conditions, coating/substrate interactions at the interface and feedstock material properties. This entry examines fundamental studies concerning the adhesion mechanisms of cold spray technology and considers the effect of cold spray input parameters such as temperature, stand-off-distance, pressure, process gas, spray angle, and traverse speed of the cold spray torch on the bonding mechanism and adhesion strength. Furthermore, the effects of substrate conditions such as temperature, hardness, roughness and material on the adhesion mechanism are highlighted. The effect of feedstock properties, such as feed rate, shape and size are summarized. Understanding the effect of these parameters is necessary to obtain the optimal input parameters that enable the best interfacial properties for a range of coating/substrate material combinations. It is expected that feedstock of spherical morphology and small particle size (<15 μm) provides optimal interfacial properties when deposited onto a mirror-finished substrate surface using high pressure cold spray. Deep insights into each parameter exposes the uncovered potential of cold spray as an additive manufacturing method.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jan 2022
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