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Topic Review
Hajdu–Cheney Syndrome
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare genetic disease that causes acroosteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, accompanied by a series of developmental skeletal disorders and multiple clinical and radiological manifestations. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance, although there are several sporadic non-hereditary cases.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Low-Temperature Hot Stamping Technologies
Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
NRF2 Regulation
NRF2 acts by controlling gene expression, being the master regulator of the Phase II antioxidant response, and also being key to the control of neuroinflammation. NRF2 activity is regulated at several levels, including protein degradation by the proteasome, transcription, and post-transcription.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Big data sustainable supply chains
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has received much attention in the decade ending in 2020 due to an increased awareness of climate change and environmental and social issues across the globe. SSCM requires firms across a supply chain to report not only on profits but also on environmental and social performance. SSCM can be improved by utilizing big data analytics, as such, the paper investigated how big data analytics can be used to enhance SSCM practices in manufacturing supply chains
  • 1.8K
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Hybrid HVAC–HVDC Grids
The concept of hybrid high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grid systems brings a massive advantage to reduce AC line loading, increased utilization of network infrastructure, and lower operational costs. However, it comes with issues, such as integration challenges, control strategies, optimization control, and security. The combined objectives in hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids are to achieve the fast regulation of DC voltage and frequency, optimal power flow, and stable operation during normal and abnormal conditions.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Grazing and Feedlot Angus Beef Cattle
Grazing-fed cattle are free-ranged on pastures with grass as the main feed, while feedlot-fed cattle are raised in feedlots with grains as their main feed. 
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Quality of Beef
Quality refers to the characteristics of products that meet the demands and expectations of the end users. Beef quality is a convergence between product characteristics on one hand and consumers’ experiences and demands on the other.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Assessment of Negative Gingival Recession
Accurate measurement of negative gingival recession (GR) is essential to accurately determine the clinical attachment loss, which leads to an accurate diagnosis and optimal therapy of periodontal disease.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cross-Country Mountain Biking
Mountain biking (MTB) is an off-road cycling discipline, performed on a course composed of a variety of unpaved terrain, which normally include technical or non-technical ascent, descent and flat (UCI regulations, Part 4 mountain bike, version from 11 February 2020). This modality can be practiced by people of all ages, male and female, from children to elderly in a recreational and/or professional manner. However, practitioners should be able to ride technique circuits usually composed of obstacles. For this, unlike road cycling, the bike is equipped with a shock absorption system and wider tires composed of shorter knobs in order to improve bicycle comfort and performance. The start (individual or in mass), duration and distance to be covered change according to each event. Normally, the competitions are played individually, but can also occur in teams (e.g., CAPE EPIC, South Africa, competed in pairs).
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Smart Boxing Glove “RD α”
Emerging smart devices have gathered increasing popularity within the sports community, presenting a promising avenue for enhancing athletic performance. Among these, the Rise Dynamics Alpha (RD 𝛼) smart gloves exemplify a system designed to quantify boxing techniques. Emerging smart devices have gathered increasing popularity within the sports community, presenting a promising avenue for enhancing athletic performance. Among these, the Rise Dynamics Alpha (RD 𝛼) smart gloves exemplify a system designed to quantify boxing techniques. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Bay Cat
The Bay Cat (Catopuma badia), a mysterious and elusive felid species native to the dense forests of Southeast Asia, remains one of the least studied and understood wild cats. Known for its striking reddish-brown fur and secretive behavior, the Bay Cat captivates researchers and conservationists alike as they strive to unravel the mysteries surrounding this enigmatic feline species.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Causes of Asphalt Pavement Blistering
No theoretical model effectively explains the blistering process, which provokes functional distress in asphalt pavements worldwide. Over the years, it has been possible to observe blistering on many asphalt pavements, collect information related to the specific contexts of its occurrence, and formulate hypotheses on the potential causes.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy for Deep-Seated Tumors
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) works through the photoactivation of a specific photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor in the presence of oxygen. PDT is widely applied in oncology to treat various cancers as it has a minimally invasive procedure and high selectivity, does not interfere with other treatments, and can be repeated as needed. A large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen is generated in a cancer cell during PDT, which destroys the tumor effectively. However, the efficacy of PDT in treating a deep-seated tumor is limited due to three main reasons: Limited light penetration depth, the low oxygen concentration in the hypoxic core, and poor PS accumulation inside a tumor. Thus, PDT treatments are only approved for superficial and thin tumors. With the advancement of nanotechnology, PDT to treat deep-seated or thick tumors is becoming a reachable goal. In this review, we provide an update on the strategies for improving PDT with nanomedicine using different sophisticated-design nanoparticles, including two-photon excitation, X-ray activation, targeting tumor cells with surface modification, alteration of tumor cell metabolism pathways, the release of therapeutic gases, improvement of tumor hypoxia, and stimulation of host immunity.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Brain
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most frequent phakomatosis and one of the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndromes, is characterized by several manifestations that pervasively involve central and peripheral nervous system structures. 
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum
Lactic acid fermentation of fresh fruit juices is a low-cost and sustainable process, that aims to preserve and even enhance the organoleptic and nutritional features of the raw matrices and extend their shelf life. Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were evaluated in the fermentation of various fruit juices, leading in some cases to fruit beverages, with enhanced nutritional and sensorial characteristics. Among LAB, Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum subsp. plantarum strains are quite interesting, regarding their application in the fermentation of a broad range of plant-derived substrates, such as vegetables and fruit juices, since they have genome plasticity and high versatility and flexibility. L. plantarum exhibits a remarkable portfolio of enzymes that make it very important and multi-functional in fruit juice fermentations. Therefore, L. plantarum has the potential for the production of various bioactive compounds, which enhance the nutritional value and the shelf life of the final product. In addition, L. plantarum can positively modify the flavor of fruit juices, leading to higher content of desirable volatile compounds.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The B-cell Activating Factor/A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand System
It cannot present MZ B-cell populations without discussing the B-cell Activating Factor/A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand System (BAFF/APRIL) system. Without a doubt, one of the most important molecules for the survival and differentiation of B-cells is BAFF. BAFF, also known as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Hypomagnesemia in Cardiac Arrhythmias
The importance of magnesium (Mg2+), a micronutrient implicated in maintaining and establishing a normal heart rhythm, is still controversial. It is known that magnesium is the cofactor of 600 and the activator of another 200 enzymatic reactions in the human organism. Hypomagnesemia can be linked to many factors, causing disturbances in energy metabolism, ion channel exchanges, action potential alteration and myocardial cell instability, all mostly leading to ventricular arrhythmia.
  • 1.8K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden (rs6025 or F5 p.R506Q) is a variant (mutated form) of human factor V (one of several substances that helps blood clot), which causes an increase in blood clotting (hypercoagulability). Due to this mutation, protein C, an anticoagulant protein that normally inhibits the pro-clotting activity of factor V, is not able to bind normally to factor V, leading to a hypercoagulable state, i.e., an increased tendency for the patient to form abnormal and potentially harmful blood clots. Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability (prone to clotting) disorder amongst ethnic Europeans. It is named after the Dutch city of Leiden, where it was first identified in 1994 by Rogier Maria Bertina under the direction of (and in the laboratory of) Pieter Hendrick Reitsma. Despite the increased risk of venous thromboembolisms, people with one copy of this gene have not been found to have shorter lives than the general population.
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Multidimensional Chromatography and Its Applications
Food, drugs, dyes, extracts, and minerals are all made up of complex elements, and utilizing unidimensional chromatography to separate them is inefficient and insensitive. This has sparked the invention of several linked chromatography methods, each of them with distinct separation principles and affinity for the analyte of interest. Multidimensional chromatography consists of the combination of multiple chromatography techniques, with great benefits at the level of efficiency, peak capacity, precision, and accuracy of the analysis, while reducing the time required for the analysis.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Alternative Models of Graph Visualization
There are many data visualization tools in various application fields, but at the same time, the main difficulty lies in presenting data of an interconnected (node-link) structure, i.e., networks. Typically, a lot of software means use graphs as the most straightforward and versatile models. To facilitate visual analysis, researchers are developing ways to arrange graph elements to make comparing, searching, and navigating data easier.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Apr 2023
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