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Topic Review
Suitability of NB-IoT
Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) shares among the challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications in industrial settings are set to bring in the fourth industrial revolution. The industrial environment consisting of high profile manufacturing plants and a variety of equipment is inherently characterized by high reflectiveness, causing significant multi-path components that affect the propagation of wireless communications—a challenge among others that needs to be resolved. The suitability of NB-IoT for industrial applications is therewith explained.
  • 1.9K
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Lantana camara: Browsable Species for Goats
Lantana camara is regarded as one of the most ecologically and economically destructive invasive alien plants. The spread of L. camara affects the environment and threatens livestock productivity due to its toxicity to animals (especial cattle and sheep) in most semi-arid areas of South Africa. Lantana camara is known to have high concentrations of nutrients that are beneficial to livestock, but most previous research has concentrated on its toxicity.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Safety and Risk Perceptions in Tourism
Given the global character of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism recovery should be addressed by enhancing the governmental safety measures, as well as studying the perceived travel risks and individual coping behavior. In public health crisis contexts, people deal with their fear by employing different coping strategies, which foster individual adaptability and mitigate related contextual losses. Addressing the main constructs under analysis, perceived risks and tourism safety perceptions are discussed, as well as the resulting coping behavior in post-pandemic times, namely the acceptance of restrictions and adaptative behavioral intentions.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Oneirology
Oneirology (/ɒnɪˈrɒlədʒi/; from Greek ὄνειρον, oneiron, "dream"; and -λογία, -logia, "the study of") is the scientific study of dreams. Current research seeks correlations between dreaming and current knowledge about the functions of the brain, as well as understanding of how the brain works during dreaming as pertains to memory formation and mental disorders. The study of oneirology can be distinguished from dream interpretation in that the aim is to quantitatively study the process of dreams instead of analyzing the meaning behind them.
  • 1.9K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Boy Scouts of America Membership Controversies
The Boy Scouts of America (BSA), one of the largest private youth organizations in the United States, has policies which prohibit those who are not willing to subscribe to the BSA's Declaration of Religious Principle, which is usually interpreted as banning atheists, and, until January 2014, prohibited all "known or avowed homosexuals", from membership in its Scouting program. The ban on adults who are "open or avowed homosexuals" from leadership positions was lifted in July 2015. Prior to these policy changes, BSA had denied or revoked membership status or leadership positions for violation of these foundational principles. The BSA had contended that its policies were essential in its mission to instill in young people the values of the Scout Promise, or Oath, and Scout Law. The organization's legal right to have these policies was upheld by the United States Supreme Court. In Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, the Supreme Court of the United States has affirmed that as a private organization, the BSA can set its own membership standards. The BSA's policies have been legally challenged but have not been found to constitute illegal discrimination because as a private organization in the United States, the BSA has the right to freedom of association, as determined in the court case. In recent years, the policy disputes have led to litigation over the terms under which the BSA can access governmental resources, including public lands. These policies have led to various disputes and controversies. In 2012, both Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney and then President Barack Obama stated that they opposed the ban on gay Scouts. On May 23, 2013, the BSA's National Council approved a resolution to remove the restriction denying membership to youth on the basis of sexual orientation alone effective January 1, 2014. The policy for adult leaders remained in place until July 27, 2015.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Microneedle Production
Microneedles (MNs) represent one of the most promising concepts for effective transdermal drug delivery that penetrate the protective skin barrier in a minimally invasive and painless manner. Therefore, different manufacturing methods, not only for MNs but also MN molds, are introduced, which allows for the cost-effective production of MNs for drug and vaccine delivery and even diagnostic/monitoring purposes.
  • 1.9K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fruit Juice
The intake of fruit has a notable effect on the prevention of signs of aging, cardiovascular diseases, cataracts, and strokes, presenting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. In addition, fruit juices are considered alternative food products, being developed as probiotic substrates as an alternative to dairy products. Because they are well accepted by consumers and have a high nutritional value with positive health effects, fruit juices are ideal vehicles for probiotics.
  • 1.9K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Probiotics
Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota-management instruments for improving human health once they may be beneficial for maintaining a healthy community of gut microbiota and bowel function. Probiotic’s main target is the gut, via the gastrointestinal tract, although direct application to other body zones such as the vaginal tract, the oral cavity, and skin have been studied.
  • 1.9K
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Sugarcane
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important industrial cash crops, contributing to the world sugar industry and biofuel production.
  • 1.9K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sample Preparation for Cosmetics Analysis
Traditional cosmetics sample preparation techniques involve liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid–liquid extraction (SLE). In last years, modern sample extraction techniques are advancing towards fast sample processing, easy automatization, as well as a reduction in organic solvent volumes, in agreement with the green chemistry principles in two ways (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction of the solvents and reagents consumption and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
PPAR-γ Partial Agonists in Disease-Fate Decision
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has emerged as one of the most extensively studied transcription factors since its discovery in 1990, highlighting its importance in the etiology and treatment of numerous diseases involving various types of cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, dermatological and cardiovascular disorders. Ligands are regarded as the key determinant for the tissue-specific activation of PPAR-γ. However, the mechanism governing this process is merely a contradictory debate which is yet to be systematically researched. Either these receptors get weakly activated by endogenous or natural ligands or leads to a direct over-activation process by synthetic ligands, serving as complete full agonists. Therefore, fine-tuning on the action of PPAR-γ and more subtle modulation can be a rewarding approach which might open new avenues for the treatment of several diseases.
  • 1.9K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Transwiki:Relative Density
Template:Twwp-2 Relative density is a dimensionless ratio of the densities of two materials. The term specific gravity is similar, except that the reference material is water. A relative density can help quantify the buoyancy between two materials, or determine the density of one "unknown" material using the "known" density of another material. Mathematically, relative density is expressed as: where [math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math] is the relative density, and [math]\displaystyle{ \rho }[/math] is the densities of the two materials in the same units (e.g., kg/m³, g/cm³). Relative density is dimensionless, since it is a ratio between two quantities of same unit. If the ratio is greater than 1, the object will be heavier than the same volume of the reference. If it is less than 1, it will be lighter than the reference. It is important to specify the reference material when reporting a relative density, but when the reference material is not specified it is usually understood to be water at 3.98 ° C.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogels for Oral Tissue Engineering
Oral health is crucial to daily life, yet many people worldwide suffer from oral diseases. With the development of oral tissue engineering, there is a growing demand for dental biomaterials. Addressing oral diseases often requires a two-fold approach: fighting bacterial infections and promoting tissue growth. Hydrogels are promising tissue engineering biomaterials that show great potential for oral tissue regeneration and drug delivery.
  • 1.9K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacterium widely distributed in soils, sediments, and aquatic environments. It is best known as the causative agent of botulism, a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by the production of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), among the most potent biological toxins known.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been widely used as a model crop for studying molecularand physiological processes such as chloroplast development and photosynthesis. During thesecond half of the 20th century, mutants such as albostrians led to the discovery of thenuclear-encoded, plastid-localized RNA polymerase and the retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus)signalling communication pathway, while chlorina-f2 and xantha mutants helped to shed light onthe chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, on the light-harvesting proteins and on the organization ofthe photosynthetic apparatus. However, during the last 30 years, a large fraction of chloroplastresearch has switched to the more “user-friendly” model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the firstplant species whose genome was sequenced and published at the end of 2000. Despite its manyadvantages, Arabidopsis has some important limitations compared to barley, including the lackof a real canopy and the absence of the proplastid-to-chloroplast developmental gradient acrossthe leaf blade. These features, together with the availability of large collections of natural geneticdiversity and mutant populations for barley, a complete genome assembly and protocols for genetictransformation and gene editing, have relaunched barley as an ideal model species for chloroplastresearch. In this review, we provide an update on the genomics tools now available for barley, andreview the biotechnological strategies reported to increase photosynthesis eciency in model species,which deserve to be validated in barley.
  • 1.9K
  • 01 Jul 2020
Topic Review
DPSCs in Regenerative Therapy
Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have attracted substantial attention as promising cell sources for tissue regeneration. Here, we summarized the features of DPSCs and SHEDs such as high growth capacity, multipotency, expression of cell markers, immunomodulatory effects, and their potential to regenerate various somatic tissues.  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, and are considered a promising cell population for cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration. MSCs are isolated from various organs including dental pulp, which originates from cranial neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been isolated from dental pulp tissue of adult permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, respectively. Because of their MSC-like characteristics such as high growth capacity, multipotency, expression of MSC-related markers, and immunomodulatory effects, they are suggested to be an important cell source for tissue regeneration.
  • 1.9K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Cheese
Cheese is a worldwide produced and consumed commodity. There are many varieties of cheese from soft to hard, white to yellow, and fresh to aged after ripening. Especially, each category has its own producing technology.
  • 1.9K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Rural Logistic Facilities
Transport has long been considered a concern for rural residents around the world. Rural express logistics, one of the transport topics, is associated with rural residents’ convenience as well as e-commerce development. As key nodes in the network, logistic centers need to be properly located to improve the delivery efficiency. In general, existing studies on rural logistics are mostly conducted qualitatively. Most studies focus on policy suggestions on the development of rural e-commerce, while geographic, economic, and population data are not exploited enough. Although some issues such as route design and rural e-commerce are getting attention, there are still very few studies on site selection of rural logistic centers. Much uncertainty still exists about balancing the coverage rates with the operational cost when evaluating the optimal locations for logistic centers in remote rural areas with low population density. Quantitative methods are urgently needed for solving the logistic center locating problem, especially in areas at the early stages of building a rural logistic network.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Factors Influencing Choices Intention of Online Learning COVID-19
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning has become the norm. Primary school students require parental assistance and supervision due to their lack of digital media capabilities and safety concerns. Online learning experiences during the pandemic will affect future parents' choices of online learning, so it is necessary to further clarify the key factors influencing parents' perceptions and attitudes towards online learning during the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, blended learning, which combines traditional school learning with online learning, is likely to become a common and acceptable way of learning, and parents may face multiple choices of their parents' way of learning.
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
UCLA-VA Multi-campus PM&R Residency Program
The UCLA-VA Multi-campus PM&R Residency Program is an ACGME-accredited residency program in physical medicine and rehabilitation based in Los Angeles, California. With five clinical fellows in pain medicine and 25 PM&R residents enrolled in the program, it is one of the largest PM&R residency programs in the West Coast and one of a handful of PM&R programs in the U.S. to have its own pain medicine fellowship program.
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Dec 2025
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