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Topic Review
Epidemiology of Young Age of Onset Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) in young women is poorly understood and understudied in the literature. We need to design cohorts of breast cancer patients with young age of onset to study this particular group of patients better. 
  • 906
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Thermometric Parameters to Guide Hyperthermia Treatment
Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment modality which targets malignant tissues by heating to 40–43 °C. In addition to its direct antitumor effects, HT potently sensitizes the tumor to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), thereby enabling complete eradication of some tumor entities as shown in randomized clinical trials. Thermometric parameters of HT are considered to have potential as predictive factors of treatment response.
  • 905
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Single-Cell DNA Methylation in Cancer
Cancer is a distinctly difficult disease to treat on account of the diverse cell populations/subpopulations that comprise a tumour. Such cells harbour varying genetic and epigenetic states, which contributes to their oncogenic phenotype. Morphological, transcriptomic, and genomic defects are well-explored parameters of cancer biology. Aberrant DNA methylation has been implicated in many types of cancers, influencing cell type, state, transcriptional regulation, and genomic stability to name a few. Traditionally, large populations of cells from the tissue of interest are coalesced for analysis, producing averaged methylome data.
  • 905
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metabolic Reprogramming in Thyroid Cancer
Reprogramming of metabolism is now recognized a hallmark of carcinogenesis as metabolic changes, such as those related to glucose, glutamine and lipids, are tightly related to the proliferation, invasion, migration, radiosensitivity, and chemosensitivity of several tumors, including thyroid cancer.
  • 904
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ferroptosis Modulation as Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma Treatment
Glioblastoma multiforme is a lethal disease and represents the most common and severe type of glioma. Drug resistance and the evasion of cell death are the main characteristics of its malignancy, leading to a high percentage of disease recurrence and the patients’ low survival rate. Exploiting the modulation of cell death mechanisms could be an important strategy to prevent tumor development and reverse the high mortality and morbidity rates in glioblastoma patients. Ferroptosis is a recently described type of cell death, which is characterized by iron accumulation, high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids, and deficiency in lipid peroxidation repair. Several studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis has a potential role in cancer treatment and could be a promising approach for glioblastoma patients.
  • 904
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
Several cellular elements of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients contribute to the immune evasion, proliferation, and drug resistance of MM cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated M2-like, “alternatively activated” macrophages, CD38+ regulatory B-cells (Bregs), and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). 
  • 903
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Glycosaminoglycans in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up the majority of kidney cancers, with a poor prognosis for metastatic RCC (mRCC). Challenges faced in the management of mRCC, include a lack of reliable prognostic markers and biomarkers for precise monitoring of disease treatment, together with the potential risk of toxicity associated with more recent therapeutic options. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of carbohydrates that can be categorized into four main subclasses, viz., chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate. GAGs are known to be closely associated with cancer progression and modulation of metastasis by modification of the tumor microenvironment. Alterations of expression, composition and spatiotemporal distribution of GAGs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), dysregulate ECM functions and drive cancer invasion.
  • 903
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Management of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The incidence of non-viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is rising. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has led to a paradigm shift in the systemic treatment of HCC. However, not all patients can benefit from ICI. Studies have suggested that the response to ICI may allude to the underlying aetiology of HCC, such as NASH.
  • 903
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Bone Cancer
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PDT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PDT.
  • 902
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Endometrial Cancer, Endometriosis and Adenomyosis
Previous research shows that women with endometriosis and adenomyosis have an increased ovarian cancer risk. However, it is unclear whether these women have an increased risk of developing uterine cancer. This information is of key importance to women with endometriosis or adenomyosis. Therefore, this study aims to assess the uterine cancer risk in women with endometriosis or adenomyosis in a large population. 
  • 902
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive and very lethal blood tumor. It represents a substantial percentage of leukemia patients, as well as leukemic deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a therapeutic option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for patients that suffer from relapsed or high-risk disease, or patients ineligible for standard therapy.
  • 901
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Comparison of SABR with Other LDTs
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumor, with a continually rising incidence. The curative treatment for HCC is surgical resection or liver transplantation; however, only a small portion of patients are eligible due to local tumor burden or underlying liver dysfunction. Most HCC patients receive nonsurgical liver-directed therapies (LDTs), including thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) is a specific type of EBRT that can precisely deliver a high dose of radiation to ablate tumor cells using a small number of treatments (or fractions, typically 5 or less). With onboard MRI imaging, MRI-guided SABR can improve therapeutic dose while minimizing normal tissue exposure.
  • 901
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Glucose Transporters and Breast Cancer
Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is widely accepted to be a cancer hallmark. The deviant energetic metabolism of cancer cells-known as the Warburg effect-consists in much higher rates of glucose uptake and glycolytic oxidation coupled with the production of lactic acid, even in the presence of oxygen. Consequently, cancer cells have higher glucose needs and thus display a higher sensitivity to glucose deprivation-induced death than normal cells. So, inhibitors of glucose uptake are potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Overexpression of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT), mainly GLUT1, in breast cancer cells is firmly established, and the consequences of GLUT inhibition and/or knockout are under investigation.
  • 901
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
ABHD11 Antisense RNA 1
ABHD11-AS1 is an RNA gene known as long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 35 (LINC00035) and Williams–Beuren syndrome chromosome region 26 (WBSCR26), located at 7q11.23.
  • 900
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Exercise Interventions in Cancer Patients
Cancer is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Exercise interventions are increasingly being recognized as an important part of treatment and supportive cancer care for patients and survivors.
  • 899
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Targets and Therapies
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types, including head and neck cancers (HNC). When checkpoint and partner proteins bind, these send an “off” signal to T cells, which prevents the immune system from destroying tumor cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types, including head and neck cancers (HNC).
  • 899
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Integrin β1 in Malignant Behaviors of Pancreatic Cancer
Integrin β1, also known as CD29, is a human protein-coding gene with a full length of 58048bp. Located on human chromosome 10p11.2 with a total of 18 exons, it has three transcript variants named transcript variants 1A, 1E, and 1D. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models.
  • 899
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Resveratrol in Brain Cancer
A brain tumor (BT) is a condition in which there is growth or uncontrolled development of the brain cells, which usually goes unrecognized or is diagnosed at the later stages. Since the mechanism behind BT is not clear, and the various physiological conditions are difficult to diagnose, the success rate of BT is not very high. This is the central issue faced during drug development and clinical trials with almost all types of neurodegenerative disorders. Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol extracted from mulberries (Morus species), grapes (Vitis vinifera), and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). It is a phytoalexin that spermatophytic plants make in reaction to stress, damage, or UV radiation, as well as fungus (e.g., Botrytis cinerea) and/or another pathogen. RES has been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and analgesic properties, as well as a function in diabetes and obesity. Because of its growing importance in neurological illnesses such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other neurodegenerative disorders, as well as BT, RES has received a lot of attention.
  • 899
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Local Treatment Options for BCC
Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human tumour and its incidence is rising worldide. Until a few years ago, the therapeutic options were limited fo patients with advanced BCC including both metastatic and locally-advanced BCC. Over the last years, promising systemic therapies have been investigated for the treatments of advanced BCC. In particular, the Hedgehog signaling inhibition have shown remarkable results for this population. Currently, the Hedgehog inhibitors representing by vismodegib and sonidegib are approved be the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for the treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic BCC with generally a well safety profile. 
  • 898
  • 07 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chemotherapy for Oral Cancer
The increasing incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has become a major issue in the treatment of oral cancer (OC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years with regard to its relation to the mechanism of chemotherapy drug resistance. EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs), such as Snail, TWIST, and ZEB, can activate several different molecular pathways, e.g., PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and TGF-β.
  • 898
  • 09 Aug 2021
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