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Biography
William T. Kane
William T. Kane (September 8, 1932 – September 23, 2008) was a physicist for Corning Incorporated, formerly Corning Glass Works, Inc., in Corning, New York, who held patents in crystallography and heat-sensing technology—developments which contributed to the early processing and manufacture of fiber optics. He was also the Corning representative for the establishment of international standar
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Silicon Photonics Technology
Silicon (Si) photonics is a groundbreaking technology that merges the fields of Si microelectronics and photonics to enable the manipulation and transmission of light on a Si chip. It leverages the exceptional properties of Si, such as its high refractive index and compatibility with existing electronic manufacturing processes, to create compact and highly efficient optical devices. Silicon photonics has been an area of active research and development. Researchers have been working on enhancing the integration density and intricacy of silicon photonic circuits. This involves the development of advanced fabrication techniques and novel designs to enable more functionalities on a single chip, leading to higher performance and more efficient systems. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Double-Blind FROG
Double-Blind FROG is a method for simultaneously measuring two unknown ultrashort laser pulses. Well established ultrafast measurement techniques like Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) and its simplified version GRENOUILLE can only measure one unknown ultrashort laser pulse at a time. Another version of FROG, called cross-correlation FROG (XFROG), also measures only one pulse, but it involves two pulses: a known reference pulse and the unknown pulse to be measured. In modern optics experiments, ultrashort laser pulses have been used in a great variety of engineering application and scientific research, for example, biomedical engineering, material science, nonlinear spectroscopy, ultrafast chemistry, etc. Often, these experiments involve using two potentially different input laser pulses, for example, Raman spectroscopy, two-color pump-probe experiments, and non-degenerate four-wave mixing. In many situations, an output pulse is generated by a nonlinear optical process, such as harmonic generation, continuum generation, or optical parametric oscillation. In all such cases, measuring more than one pulse simultaneously is required to completely characterize the experiment and understand its results in order to eventually understand the underlying science of the process under study. Thus a measurement device capable of measuring two pulses simultaneously is highly desired.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Blue Light and Eye Damage
Personal digital devices, emitting high-energy light, namely in the blue wavelength, have raised concerns about possible harmful effects on users’ eyes. Scientific research history has shown a relationship between exposure to blue light and changes in ocular structures.
  • 998
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Photonic Cavities
An eco-friendly approach to usual optical cavities, in which an electromagnetic radiation can release energy to matter by interacting with its molecular or atomic structure. Based on bio-inspired and biodegradable meta-surfaces, able to behave as a resonator for light, their optical response can be engineered at will to accomplish a particular optical task.  
  • 990
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
GaN-Based Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes Grown on Si
GaN-on-Si resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs) have been successfully fabricated through wafer bonding and Si substrate removal. 
  • 989
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Metasurface Photodetectors
Photodetectors are the essential building blocks of a wide range of optical systems. Typical photodetectors only convert the intensity of light electrical output signals, leaving other electromagnetic parameters, such as the frequencies, phases, and polarization states unresolved. 
  • 986
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Photonic Inverse Design
Inspired by the fast development of deep learning, people have combined the DL techniques with inverse design. At present, DL has been developed rapidly in the field of photonic device inverse design, which can be more efficient than traditional iterative optimization methods.
  • 945
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Wavefront Sensors and Aberration Sensors in Ophthalmology
The wavefront sensor is one of the main elements of the adaptive vision correction system. Its task is to measure the aberrations of the wavefront and transmit the results of these measurements to the processing device. The main causes of wavefront aberrations in the eye are the shape and optical properties of the cornea, pupil and lens. In modern diagnostic devices, wave aberrations are described in terms of Zernike polynomials (OSA and ANSI standards). Nowadays, there are a wide variety of wavefront sensors.
  • 944
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nano-grating Assisted Light Absorption and MSM-PDs Performance
The nano-grating assisted MSM-PDs are preordained to be decorous for many emerging and existing communication device applications. There have been a significant number of research works conducted on the implementation of nano-gratings, and still, more researches are ongoing to raise the performance of MSM-PDs particularly, in terms of enhancing the light absorption potentialities.
  • 932
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Random Laser Properties
In a random laser (RL), optical feedback arises from multiple scattering instead of conventional mirrors. RLs generate a laser-like emission, and meanwhile take advantage of a simpler and more flexible laser configuration. The applicability of RLs as light sources and optical sensors has been proved. 
  • 910
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Neuromorphic Photonic Integrated Circuits
Neuromorphic photonics is a cutting-edge fusion of neuroscience-inspired computing and photonics technology to overcome the constraints of conventional computing architectures. Its significance lies in the potential to transform information processing by mimicking the parallelism and efficiency of the human brain. Using optics and photonics principles, neuromorphic devices can execute intricate computations swiftly and with impressive energy efficiency. This innovation holds promise for advancing artificial intelligence and machine learning while addressing the limitations of traditional silicon-based computing. 
  • 899
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Based on Fiber Bragg Grating
The development of optical technologies and the corresponding component base has led to significant progress in methods and means for the instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) of microwave signals based on photonic technology, which was previously carried out using the classical electronic component base. Electronic instantaneous frequency measurement devices are now widely used in both military and civilian areas, for example, in electronic warfare systems, assessment of the electromagnetic environment for device compatibility, etc. However, their use is limited to frequency ranges up to approximately 20 GHz due to the limitations of electronic circuits. The use of photonic systems allowed for significant expansion of the measurement frequency range, accuracy and resolution of the receivers. In recent years, a fairly large number of researches have been published in which existing methods, means and implementations were observed. However, these researches did not discuss selective amplitude type discriminators, which leads to a need to review systems based on such discriminators and prepare a comparative analysis of their implementation methods and achieved characteristics as well as ways to improve the metrological performance of the considered systems.
  • 867
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Optical Fibre-Based Sensors
Optical fibre sensors are an essential subset of optical fibre technology, designed specifically for sensing and measuring several physical parameters. These sensors offer unique advantages over traditional sensors, making them gradually more valuable in a wide range of applications. They can detect extremely small variations in the physical parameters they are designed to measure, such as analytes in the case of biosensing.
  • 867
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Chemiluminescence Measurements of Premixed Flames Applying Abel Transform
The temperature field and chemiluminescence measurements of axisymmetric flame are obtained simultaneously in only one image. Digital Laser Speckle Displacement measures temperature fields, and direct image flame determines chemiluminescence values. Applying the Abel transform of axisymmetric objects for volume visualization requires smooth intensity profiles. Due to the nature of the experimental setup, direct image flame is corrupted with speckle noise and a crosstalk effect. These undesirable effects deteriorate the measurement results. Then, experimental data need crosstalk correction and speckle noise reduction to improve the measurements. 
  • 850
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multicore Fiber Interferometric Sensors
Due to the specificity of fiber structure, i.e., multiple cores integrated into only one fiber cladding, multicore fiber (MCF) interferometric sensors exhibit many desirable characteristics compared with traditional fiber interferometric sensors based on single-core fibers, such as structural and functional diversity, high integration, space-division multiplexing capacity, etc. Thanks to the unique advantages, e.g., simple fabrication, compact size, and good robustness, MCF interferometric sensors have been developed to measure various physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, strain, curvature, refractive index, vibration, flow, torsion, etc., among which the extraordinary vector-bending sensing has also been extensively studied by making use of the differential responses between different cores of MCFs.
  • 829
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
High-Performance Silicon Optoelectronic Devices Based on Graphene
Graphene—a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon in a single-layer honeycomb lattice nanostructure—has several distinctive optoelectronic properties that are highly desirable in advanced optical communication systems. Meanwhile, silicon photonics is a promising solution for the next-generation integrated photonics, owing to its low cost, low propagation loss and compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes.
  • 820
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor
Optical fiber sensors based on tapered optical fiber (TOF) structure have attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers due to the advantages of simple fabrication, high stability, and diverse structures, and have great potential for applications in many fields such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Compared with conventional optical fibers, TOF with their unique structural characteristics significantly improves the sensitivity and response speed of fiber-optic sensors and broadens the application range. 
  • 784
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sensor Applications of Forward Brillouin Scattering
In-fiber opto-mechanics based on forward Brillouin scattering enables sensing the surrounding of the optical fiber. Optical fiber transverse acoustic resonances are sensitive to both the inner properties of the optical fiber and the external medium. A particularly efficient pump and probe technique—assisted by a fiber grating—can be exploited for the development of point sensors of only a few centimeters in length. When measuring the acoustic resonances, this technique provides the narrowest reported linewidths and a signal-to-noise ratio better than 40 dB. The longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities—normalized with the fiber radius—can be determined with a relative error lower than 10−4, exploiting the derivation of accurate asymptotic expressions for the resonant frequencies. 
  • 781
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
An introduction to the Recent Advances in Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is an emerging multidisciplinary frontier of science and engineering. Its high potential in contributing to the development of many areas of technology makes nanophotonics a focus of interest for many researchers from different fields.
  • 772
  • 09 Feb 2022
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