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Topic Review
Strategies for All-Electric Aircraft Power Systems
In the “all-electric” concept, where pneumatic and hydraulic power systems are eliminated to improve aviation costs and environmental impact, the dynamics of electrical power balance are to be characterized and managed to avoid excessive peaks with respect to generators’ limited capabilities. Especially for electric propulsion aircraft (EPA), the thrust force can be partly or completely provided by an electric power system. With the development of power electronics, the HVDC system is becoming a trend for MEA/AEA and EPA. How to realize the effective allocation between the multi-energy onboard for aircraft, The architecture and strategies of energy management is very important.
  • 2.1K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Inorganic Polymers (Geopolymers)
The ecologically-friendly inorganic materials called geopolymers are mainly produced using secondary raw materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slags, or mining residues at temperatures below 100 °C. Geopolymers are a sustainable alternative to Portland cement in the building industry. Their chemical and physical properties enable them to act as supports for photoactive species, including TiO2, Cu2O and Fe2O3, or carbon nanotubes and graphene. This review discusses the structure and synthesis process of geopolymers and the principal considerations for their use as photocatalysts. The utilisation of geopolymers as photocatalysts indicates promising applications for removing heavy metals from wastewater, purifying polluted drinking water and ecologically-friendly candidates to remediate toxic environmental pollutants. 
  • 2.1K
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Safety and Barriers
The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the most dangerous industries due to its unique nature. Safety is a critical issue in developed and developing countries.  Barriers that hinder the implementation of safety in projects and ways to improve safety performance was illustrated in this entry.
  • 2.1K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a large family of cell-surface receptors, which are essential components of signal transduction pathways. There are more than fifty human RTKs that can be grouped into multiple RTK subfamilies. RTKs mediate cellular signaling transduction, and they play important roles in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. The dysregulation of RTK signaling is related to various human diseases, including cancers. The proteolytic cleavage phenomenon has frequently been found among multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. More and more information about proteolytic cleavage in RTKs has been discovered, providing rich insight.
  • 2.1K
  • 16 May 2021
Topic Review
Consumer Trust in Food and the Food System
Extensive research has examined various factors that influence consumer trust, including trust in supply chain actors, assurance and regulatory systems, and the economic development status of the producing country. While these efforts have advanced our understanding of consumer trust, much of the previous studies have focused on particular aspects of trust in food and the food system, with some findings being country and culture specific. As a result, the factors influencing consumer trust identified in the literature are often fragmented, and at times, contradictory.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Chicken Diseases by Monitoring Clinical Symptoms
Automatic disease detection and early warning technology based on clinical symptoms have the potential to monitor poultry health status in a real-time, fast and non-destructive way. The detection of poultry diseases is usually based on the sound characteristics, body temperature characteristics, fecal characteristics, production characteristics (water intake, feed intake and so on), activity characteristics and posture characteristics of the animals. lists the comparison of five clinical symptoms used for the early warning of disease.
  • 2.1K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Christianity and Science
Most sources of knowledge available to early Christians were connected to pagan world-views. There were various opinions on how Christianity should regard pagan learning, which included its ideas about nature. For instance, among early Christian teachers, Tertullian (c. 160–220) held a generally negative opinion of Greek philosophy, while Origen (c. 185–254) regarded it much more favorably and required his students to read nearly every work available to them. Historically, Christianity has often been a patron of sciences. It has been prolific in the foundation of schools, universities and hospitals, and many clergy have been active in the sciences. Historians of science such as Pierre Duhem credit medieval Catholic mathematicians and philosophers such as John Buridan, Nicole Oresme and Roger Bacon as the founders of modern science. Duhem concluded that "the mechanics and physics of which modern times are justifiably proud to proceed, by an uninterrupted series of scarcely perceptible improvements, from doctrines professed in the heart of the medieval schools".
  • 2.1K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Protein Subcellular Localization Prediction Tools
This list of protein subcellular localisation prediction tools includes software, databases, and web services that are used for protein subcellular localization prediction. Some tools are included that are commonly used to infer location through predicted structural properties, such as signal peptide or transmembrane helices, and these tools output predictions of these features rather than specific locations. These software related to protein structure prediction may also appear in lists of protein structure prediction software.
  • 2.1K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Evolution of Personal Data Store
The idea of the personal data store goes back to the early 2000s. The initial idea of this concept was to store and capture digital materials (e.g., books, photos, and other digital documents). This idea was developed for MyLifeBits as a platform to store scanned paper files and record, store, and access a personal lifetime archive. Personal web observatories are another concept based on the idea of Personal Data Stores (PDS). A personal web observatory is a technical platform that, first and foremost, enables individuals to consolidate and archive their data that is dispersed among multiple sources. Later, the concept of Personal Information Management (PIM) and Personal dataspace management was introduced to specifically focus on the process of managing personal digital information such as emails, images, HTML, XML, audio, video, and so on.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
Colchicine in Managing Skin Conditions
Colchicine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat various disorders, including some skin diseases. Colchicine could be, as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, a possible treatment to manage several skin diseases.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Troll 2
Troll 2 is a 1990 horror film directed by Claudio Fragasso (under the pseudonym Drake Floyd) and starring Michael Stephenson, George Hardy, Margo Prey, Connie McFarland, Deborah Reed, and Jason Wright. Produced under the title Goblins and conceived as a horror film with elements of comedy, the American producers and distributors were skeptical about its chances to succeed, and decided to market it as a sequel to the 1986 horror film Troll. However, the two films have no connection, and this movie features no trolls. The plot concerns a family pursued by vegetarian goblins who seek to mutate them into plants so that they can eat them. Production was rife with difficulties, largely due to the language barrier between the Italian-speaking crew and English-speaking cast, and producer Joe D'Amato's approach to low-budget film making. The resulting film is considered by some as one of the worst movies ever made. In subsequent years, the film gained a cult following and garnered a large fanbase. Though generally viewed as a poorly made horror, the filmmakers stated that it was "always intended to be a comic film". In 2009, Stephenson, the child star of the film, directed a critically acclaimed documentary about its production and subsequent popularity, humorously titled Best Worst Movie.
  • 2.1K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Rerikhism
Rerikhism or Roerichism (Russian: Рерихи́зм, Рерихиа́нство, Ре́риховское движе́ние) is a spiritual and cultural movement centered on the teachings transmitted by Helena and Nicholas Roerich. It draws ideas from Theosophy, Eastern and Western religions, and Vedic and Buddhist traditions, molding them into the Russian culture and Russian cosmism.
  • 2.1K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Parent Management Training
Parent management training (PMT), also known as behavioral parent training (BPT) or simply parent training, is a family of treatment programs that aims to change parenting behaviors, teaching parents positive reinforcement methods for improving pre-school and school-age children's behavior problems (such as aggression, hyperactivity, temper tantrums, and difficulty following directions). PMT is one of the most investigated treatments available for disruptive behavior, particularly oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD); it is effective in reducing child disruptive behavior and improving parental mental health. PMT has also been studied as a treatment for disruptive behaviors in children with other conditions. Limitations of the existing research on PMT include a lack of knowledge on mechanisms of change and the absence of studies of long-term outcomes. PMT may be more difficult to implement when parents are unable to participate fully due to psychopathology, limited cognitive capacity, high partner conflict, or inability to attend weekly sessions. PMT was initially developed in the 1960s by child psychologists who studied changing children's disruptive behaviors by intervening to change parent behaviors. The model was inspired by principles of operant conditioning and applied behavioral analysis. Treatment, which typically lasts for several months, focuses on parents learning to provide positive reinforcement, such as praise and rewards, for children's appropriate behaviors while setting proper limits, using methods such as removing attention for inappropriate behaviors.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pudú
The pudus (Mapudungun püdü or püdu, Spanish: pudú, Spanish pronunciation: [puˈðu]) are two species of South American deer from the genus Pudu, and are the world's smallest deer. The name is a loanword from Mapudungun, the language of the indigenous Mapuche people of central Chile and south-western Argentina. The two species of pudus are the northern pudu (Pudu mephistophiles) from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and the southern pudu (Pudu puda; sometimes incorrectly modified to Pudu pudu) from southern Chile and south-western Argentina . Pudus range in size from 32 to 44 centimeters (13 to 17 in) tall, and up to 85 centimeters (33 in) long. The southern pudu is currently classified as near threatened, while the northern pudu is classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Squaraine Dyes
Squaraine dye is a popular class of contrast near-infrared (NIR) dyes. Squaraine dyes have shown the ability to be modified with various heterocycles. The indole moiety is the most notable heterocycle incorporated in squaraine dyes.
  • 2.1K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Differential Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common median nerve compression neuropathy. Its symptoms and clinical presentation are well known. However, symptoms at median nerve distribution can also be caused by a proximal problem. Pronator syndrome (PS) and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) with their typical characteristics have been thought to explain proximal median nerve problems.
  • 2.1K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gottlob Frege
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (/ˈfreɪɡə/; German: [ˈɡɔtloːp ˈfreːɡə]; 8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician. He worked as a mathematics professor at the University of Jena, and is understood by many to be the father of analytic philosophy, concentrating on the philosophy of language, logic, and mathematics. Though he was largely ignored during his lifetime, Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) introduced his work to later generations of philosophers. His contributions include the development of modern logic in the Begriffsschrift and work in the foundations of mathematics. His book the Foundations of Arithmetic is the seminal text of the logicist project, and is cited by Michael Dummett as where to pinpoint the linguistic turn. His philosophical papers "On Sense and Reference" and "The Thought" are also widely cited. The former argues for two different types of meaning and descriptivism. In Foundations and "The Thought", Frege argues for Platonism against psychologism or formalism, concerning numbers and propositions respectively. Russell's paradox undermined the logicist project by showing Frege's Basic Law V in the Foundations to be false.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Label-Free SERS Analysis of Exosomes
Exosomes are emerging as one of the most intriguing cancer biomarkers in modern oncology for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Concurrently, several nanoplasmonic methods have been applied and developed to tackle the challenging task of enabling the rapid, sensitive, affordable analysis of exosomes.
  • 2.1K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Interventions for Treatment of Eco-Anxiety
As climate change worsens and public awareness of its grave impact increases, individuals are increasingly experiencing distressing mental health symptoms which are often grouped under the umbrella term of eco-anxiety. Interventions for the treatment of eco-anxiety are proposed.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Inner Ear Malformations
Inner ear malformations are a spectrum of congenital anomalies involving the inner ear structures with an emphasis on the cochlea due to their implications for sensorineural hearing loss.
  • 2.1K
  • 03 Nov 2021
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