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Topic Review
Mg-Zn-{Y, Ce} Alloys: Thermodynamic Modeling and Mechanical Properties
Magnesium alloys are a strong candidate for various applications in automobile and aerospace industries due to their low density and specific strength. Micro-alloying magnesium with zinc, yttrium, and cerium enhances mechanical properties of magnesium through grain refinement and precipitation hardening. 
  • 2.2K
  • 31 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Phytochemical and Potential Properties of Seaweeds
Seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Adobe Photoshop Version History
This table shows the Adobe Photoshop version history and operating system compatibility in charts, starting with the first versions by independent creators and brothers Thomas and John Knoll in the summer of 1988. The license to distribute the program was purchased by Adobe Systems in September 1988.
  • 2.2K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polyester-Based Coatings for Corrosion Protection
Polyesters are synthetic resins formed by an esterification chemical reaction with some occurring naturally. In addition, there are different orientations of polyesters and, hence, different classifications. The classifications aid in determining the processing, curing kinetics, and overall applications of the resin. Saturated, unsaturated polyesters (UPs) and alkyd resins are the main classifications of polyesters; however, vinyl esters are also classified as polyesters since they have a di-ester group. Vinyl esters are based on the combination of an epoxy resin with an unsaturated polymer; they have excellent properties when compared to saturated, unsaturated-type polyesters and alkyd resins. Developments of non-toxic polyester-based coatings have the potential to address a wide range of pollution problems, such as air pollution and water pollution, generated during the production of conventional polyester coatings. The anticorrosion properties of polyester resin modified by nanocomposites intended for steel are of interest. The goal is to produce a bio-based polyester coating with minimal cost by implementing natural products as well as modifying with nanomaterials. 
  • 2.2K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solar Energy Conversion
Solar energy conversion describes technologies devoted to the transformation of solar energy to other (useful) forms of energy, including electricity, fuel, and heat. It covers light-harvesting technologies including traditional semiconductor photovoltaic devices (PVs), emerging photovoltaics, solar fuel generation via electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, and related forms of photocatalysis directed at the generation of energy rich molecules. Fundamental electro-optical aspects in several emerging solar energy conversion technologies for generation of both electricity (photovoltaics) and solar fuels constitute an active area of current research.
  • 2.2K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut, IPA: [tʃuˈβut]; Welsh: Talaith Chubut) is a province in southern Argentina , situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning "transparent," their description of the Chubut River. The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it has 180,000 inhabitants. The administrative capital is Rawson (40,000). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel and Sarmiento. Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as "Y Wladfa" in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated. Of the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentina, 5,000 live in the Chubut region, particularly in the early Welsh settlements of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Melanoma Biomarkers
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and remains a diagnostic challenge in the dermatology clinic. Here, we categorize and review known melanoma diagnostic biomarkers into five categories including visual, histopathological, morphological, immunohistochemical, and serological/molecular biomarkers.
  • 2.2K
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Electrophoretic Deposition for Biomedical Applications
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a powerful technique to assemble metals, polymer, ceramics, and composite materials into 2D, 3D, and intricately shaped implants. Polymers, proteins, and peptides can be deposited via EPD at room temperature without affecting their chemical structures. Furthermore, EPD is being used to deposit multifunctional coatings (i.e., bioactive, antibacterial, and biocompatible coatings).
  • 2.2K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Biography
David Hestenes
David Orlin Hestenes, Ph.D. (born May 21, 1933) is a theoretical physicist and science educator. He is best known as chief architect of geometric algebra as a unified language for mathematics and physics,[1] and as founder of Modelling Instruction, a research-based program to reform K–12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education.[2] For more than 30 years, he was empl
  • 2.2K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Physicochemistry of Deep Eutectic Solvents
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), considered as one of the greenest families of solvents, are used in many fields, such as organic synthesis, (bio)catalysis, electrochemistry, and (bio)medicine.
  • 2.2K
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Auriga
Auriga, an IAU-recognized constellation, lies in the northern celestial hemisphere. Notable for its pentagonal shape, it encompasses several bright stars, including Capella. This constellation is visible during winter and contains various deep-sky objects like star clusters and nebulae.
  • 2.2K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biogas Plants
The biogas production technology has improved over the last years for the aim of reducing the costs of the process, increasing the biogas yields, and minimizing the greenhouse gas emmisions. To obtain a stable and efficient biogas production, there are several design considerations and operational parameters to be taken into account. Besides, adapting the process to unanticipated conditions can be achieved  by adaquate monitoring of various operational parameters. This paper reviewa the research that has been conducted over the last years. This review paper summarizes the developments in biogas design and operation, while highlighting the main factors that affect the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. The study´s outcomes revealed that the optimum operational values of the main parameters may vary from one biogas plant to another. Additionally, the negative conditions that should be avoided while operating a biogas plant were identified.
  • 2.2K
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
LCA of Edible Flower Production
The globalization of the floricultural sector creates more competition, challenging the innovation and reorganization of some ornamental and horticultural nurseries, which started to look at flowers as food products. This research aims to quantify the environmental impact of the emerging productive process of edible flowers through the LCA – Life Cycle Analysis method, due to the higher awareness towards sustainability. Two model species and two types of final products were chosen, using a “cradle to gate” approach.
  • 2.2K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Functions in photovoltaic device system
The defact standard of a solar cell is that electric power generation is made at the same place as  photoharvesting is performed, i.e., the function of photoharvesting/photoreception is spatially degenerated with that of electric power generation (photo-electroconversion). Here, in this review paper, we investigate how liberated we are when the degeneracy is lifted off. A conventional concentrator system is, in a sense, a system in which the primary photoharvesting place is decoupled from the photo-conversion part, but is too bulky because the two parts are connected three-dimensionally by photons. We propose a two-dimensional photoreceptor-conversion (2DPRC) scheme in which the photoreception part is spatially decoupled from, but is two-dimensionally connected to the photo-conversion part by a redirection waveguide (RWG). The whole system is in an edge-illumination/photoinjection configuration and concentrator system is quite naturally built, and the edge-injection lift off the trade-off between photo-absorption and photo-carrier collection in the conventional solar cell, leading to a possible high conversion efficiency.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Remote Sensing for International Security
Remote sensing technology has seen a massive rise in popularity over the last two decades, be-coming an integral part of our lives. Space-based satellite technologies facilitated access to the in-accessible terrains, helped humanitarian teams, support complex emergencies, and contributed to monitoring and verifying conflict zones. The scoping phase of this review investigated the utility of the role of remote sensing application to complement international peace and security activities owing to their ability to provide objective near real-time insights at the ground level.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Cytochrome c oxidase in Insects
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance.
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Peak Load Shaving in Microgrid
Peak load is a particularly sensitive issue for microgrids as it happens occasionally for a small percentage of the time in a day. Peak load increases the risk of microgrid failure and also leads to power quality issues. To maintain grid stability and improve power quality, the microgrids must solve the peak loading problem.
  • 2.2K
  • 30 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Disease
Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells. They convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions. Mitochondrial diseases take on unique characteristics both because of the way the diseases are often inherited and because mitochondria are so critical to cell function. A subclass of these diseases that have neuromuscular symptoms are known as mitochondrial myopathies.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Linear Tape File System
The Linear Tape File System (LTFS) is a file system that allows files stored on magnetic tape to be accessed in a similar fashion to those on disk or removable flash drives. It requires both a specific format of data on the tape media and software to provide a file system interface to the data. The technology, based around a self-describing tape format developed by IBM, was adopted by the LTO Consortium in 2010.
  • 2.2K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
The Method of 3D Printing in Clothing
Clothing is considered to be an important element of human social activities. With the increasing maturity of 3D printing technology, functional 3D printing technology can realize the perfect combination of clothing and electronic devices while helping smart clothing to achieve specific functions. Furthermore, the application of functional 3D printing technology in clothing not only provides people with the most comfortable and convenient wearing experience, but also completely subverts consumers’ perception of traditional clothing. 
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
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