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Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Tourism Industry (2002-2022)
Augmented reality has emerged as a transformative technology, with the potential to revolutionize the tourism industry.
  • 2.2K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Growth hormon Central regulate metabolism
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, and in addition to its classical functions of regulating height, protein synthesis, tissue growth, and cell proliferation, GH exerts profound effects on metabolism. In this regard, GH stimulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and antago-nizes insulin’s effects on glycemic control. During the last decade, a wide distribution of GH-responsive neurons were identified in numerous brain areas, especially in hypothalamic nu-clei, that control metabolism. The specific role of GH action in different neuronal populations is now starting to be uncovered, and so far, it indicates that the brain is an important target of GH for the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glycemia and neuroendocrine changes, particularly in response to different forms of metabolic stress such as glucoprivation, food re-striction, and physical exercise.
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Ion-Exchange
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, ion-exchange process can be defined as “any class of chemical reactions between two substances (each consisting of positively and negatively charged species called ions) that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components”. This is the case, for example, of a multi-component oxide glass immersed – at a given temperature – in a mixture of molten salts containing metal ions (typically nitrates such as silver nitrate AgNO3, potassium nitrate KNO3, copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2, sodium nitrate NaNO3, etc.). Because of the high temperature at which the process occurs and concentration gradient established in proximity of the interface between glass and molten salt, sodium ions Na+ present within the compound glass migrate in the solution and are replaced by cations originally contained in the salt melt (e.g., Ag+, K+, Cu2+, etc.). Due to the different size and polarizability of the ions participating in the process, the glass modifies its network locally in the exchanged regions, with particular reference to its density and, therefore, to its refractive index. This paves the way for the production of graded-index optical components and waveguides, for passive and active integrated optical devices. Furthermore, the K+ – Na+ exchange is the basis for the chemical strengthening of the glass, which allows to obtain mechanically resistant glasses in increasingly thinner thicknesses for applications in smartphone technology and flexible photonics. Finally, the possibility of inducing the formation of noble metal nanoparticles in an ion-exchanged glass following particular thermal post-process techniques allows the realization of new low-cost optical platforms for sensing and photovoltaic applications.
  • 2.2K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Tryptophan
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid whose metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes.They influence immune reactions, have antioxidant properties, and can function as anabolic signals. Apart from this, they act as regulators of the circadian rhythm, and can thus modulate sleep disorders or cognitive functions. Given these diverse roles, Trp metabolism has a significant impact on the clinical outcome of critically ill patients
  • 2.2K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Building Material Recycling
Construction is amongst the leading sectors contributing to global economic growth whilst having a huge adverse impact on resource consumption, GHG emission, solid waste generation, and global warming. One of the main strategies to deal effectively with demolished building materials or components at the end of a building’s useful service life is recycling. Recycling is defined as the process of converting construction and demolition waste into new material.
  • 2.2K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Conductive Polymers and Their Properties for Flexible Devices
Flexible sensing devices have attracted significant attention for various applications, such as medical devices, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. Numerous materials have been used to fabricate flexible sensing devices and improve their sensing performance in terms of their electrical and mechanical properties. Among the studied materials, conductive polymers are promising candidates for next-generation flexible, stretchable, and wearable electronic devices because of their outstanding characteristics, such as flexibility, light weight, and non-toxicity.
  • 2.2K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Microsoft Store (Digital)
Microsoft Store (formerly known as Windows Store) is a digital distribution platform owned by Microsoft. It started as an app store for Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 as the primary means of distributing Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps. With Windows 10, Microsoft merged its other distribution platforms (Windows Marketplace, Windows Phone Store, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Store, and a web storefront also known as "Microsoft Store") into Microsoft Store, making it a unified distribution point for apps, console games, and digital videos. Digital music was included until the end of 2017, and E-books were included until 2019. Some content is available free of charge from the store. In 2015, over 669,000 apps were available on the store. Categories containing the largest number of apps are "Books and Reference", "Education", "Entertainment", and "Games". The majority of the app developers have one app. As with other similar platforms, such as the Google Play and Mac App Store, Microsoft Store is curated, and apps must be certified for compatibility and content. In addition to the user-facing Microsoft Store client, the store has a developer portal with which developers can interact. Microsoft takes 30% of the sale price for apps. Prior to January 1, 2015, this cut was reduced to 20% after the developer's profits reached $25,000.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Commensal and other Non-Pathogenic Bacteria
Not only pathogenic bacteria are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, commensal bacteria, and mutualistic bacteria (here named non-pathogenic for simplification) may also carry resistance and virulence genes. However, contrary to pathogenic strains, which are the target of the immune system, non-pathogenic bacteria can colonize hosts for prolonged periods because hosts do not need to be rid of them. Thus, the basic reproductive number of a non-pathogenic bacterial strain, a measure of the strain’s fitness and denoted as R0, is likely to be much higher than one. That is, the expected number of colonized hosts by a single colonized host in a population not yet colonized by that strain is higher than one, which implies that this strain can spread exponentially among hosts. This spread has peculiar consequences for the spread of virulence and resistance genes. For example, computer models that simulate the spread of these genes have shown that their diversities should correlate positively throughout microbiomes. Bioinformatics analysis with real data corroborates this expectation.
  • 2.2K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Exosome Treatment for Hearing Loss
There are reported types of hearing loss includes noise-induced, genetic, sudden, ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss. The application of exosomes for prevention or treatment can be classified according to the type of hearing loss, suggesting that they may help restore abnormalities in chemical and biological mechanism. The fundamental recovery of inner hair cells by exosome is difficult, because both noise-induced and sudden hearing loss occur due to physical stimulation of hair cell death.
  • 2.2K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring
The precise monitoring of environmental contaminants and agricultural plant stress factors, respectively responsible for damages to our ecosystems and crop losses, has become nowadays a topic of uttermost importance. This is also highlighted by the recent introduction of the so-called "Sustainable Development Goals" of the United Nations, which aim at reducing pollutants while implementing more sustainable food production practices leading to a reduced impact on all ecosystems. In this context, the standard methods currently used in these fields represent a sub-optimal solution, being expensive, laboratory-based techniques, and typically requiring trained personnel with high expertise. Recent advances in both biotechnology and material science, have led to the emergence of new sensing (and biosensing) technologies, enabling low-cost, precise, and real-time detection. An especially interesting category of biosensors is represented by field-effect transistor-based biosensors (bio-FETs), which enable the possibility of performing in-situ, continuous, selective, and sensitive measurements of a wide palette of different parameters of interest. Furthermore, bio-FETs offer the possibility of being fabricated using innovative and sustainable materials, employing various device configurations, each customized for a specific application. In the specific field of environmental and agricultural monitoring, the exploitation of these devices is particularly attractive as it paves the way to early detection and intervention strategies useful to limit, or even to completely avoid negative outcomes (such as diseases to animals or ecosystems losses). 
  • 2.2K
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Crossover of Work Engagement
Work engagement is related to a plethora of positive outcomes both at the individual and organizational level. This positive organizational state can cross over from one individual to another, and this process may depend on several factors, such as the work context or individual differences. Crossover is a form of emotional contagion, and a conscious procedure in which transference of emotions and affective states is facilitated by the empathic reactions of partners.
  • 2.2K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Dunaliella salina
Dunaliella sp. is a unicellular, halophilic, biflagellate, naked green alga Phylum Chlorophyta, Class Chlorophyceae, order Volvocales, family Polyblepharidaceae with a total of 29 species, as well as several varieties and forms.
  • 2.2K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Biography
Sarah Haider
Sarah Haider is a Pakistani-American writer, speaker, and political activist.[1] She created the advocacy group Ex-Muslims of North America (EXMNA) which seeks to normalize religious dissent and to help former Muslims leave the religion by linking them to support networks.[2] She is the co-founder and director of development for EXMNA.[3] Haider was born in Karachi, Pakistan , in a practicing
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Seeking Sense in the Hox Gene Cluster
The Hox gene cluster, responsible for patterning of the head–tail axis, is an ancestral feature of all bilaterally symmetrical animals (the Bilateria) that remains intact in a wide range of species.
  • 2.2K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Silica Nanoparticles
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are available in many forms, including core-shell silica nanoparticles, nonporous SNPs, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN).  The advancements in nanotechnology have quickly developed a new subject with vast applications of nanostructured materials in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The enormous surface-to-volume ratio, ease of surface modification, outstanding biocompatibility, and, in the case of mesoporous nanoparticles, the tunable pore size make the SNPs a promising candidate for nano-based medical applications. 
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Dental Prosthetics or Implants
Dental implants or prosthetics are used to replace missing teeth and treat partially or fully damaged teeth. The dental implant success rate is more than 90% after ten years, ensuring long-term reliability. There are three primary types of dental implants: endosteal or endosseous, subperiosteal, and transosteal. Dental implants are a continuously growing market for both medical and cosmetic purposes. Modern science has allowed dentists to offer a wide variety of implants, such as crowns, screws, dental bridges, dentures, and braces. Implant reliability and proper design are essential for patient comfort and usage. The selection of suitable materials, depending on the patient’s oral health and implant objectives, is the primary criteria for proper implant design.
  • 2.2K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Methods and Algorithms for Crop-Row Detection
Crop row detection is one of the foundational and pivotal technologies of agricultural robots and autonomous vehicles for navigation, guidance, path planning, and automated farming in row crop fields. However, due to a complex and dynamic agricultural environment, crop row detection remains a challenging task. The surrounding background, such as weeds, trees, and stones, can interfere with crop appearance and increase the difficulty of detection. The detection accuracy of crop rows is also impacted by different growth stages, environmental conditions, curves, and occlusion. Therefore, appropriate sensors and multiple adaptable models are required to achieve high-precision crop row detection. 
  • 2.2K
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Glyphosate
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine CAS#1071-83-6] is one of the most extensively used broad-spectrum organophosphorus herbicides [1]. It is a widely used herbicide in agriculture against perennial and annual weeds and in silviculture, domestic gardens, and urban areas [2]. 
  • 2.2K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Canada’s Open Work Permit for Vulnerable Workers Policy
In June 2019, the Government of Canada implemented the Open work permit for vulnerable workers (OWP-V) policy, authorizing immigration officers to issue open work permits to migrant workers on employer-specific work permits if they demonstrate reasonable grounds to believe that they are experiencing abuse or are at risk of abuse in their workplace. Drawing on research conducted by a community organization on the impact of the policy, the policy’s potential to remedy the problematic effects of the employer-specific work permit and whether it has been implemented efficiently are examined here. The research concludes that the OWP-V policy cannot be expected to counteract the high risk of abuse imposed on workers through the employer-specific work permit. Numerous barriers were identified that make it difficult for migrant workers to apply for the permit. The small number of OWP-V permits issued in proportion to the number of employers authorized to hire migrant workers makes it unlikely that the policy will significantly impact employers’ propensity to comply with the program conditions.
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC)
UHPC is a cement based composite used to increase the life of new and existing structures. This new compound can replace concrete in harsh regions. After decades of research and manufacture, a range of commercial UHPC compositions are now accessible internationally to address demand for high-quality construction materials. UHPC provides substantial improvements over regular concrete, however its use is limited by design regulations and high prices. A detailed research of UHPC's durability qualities is needed to guide testing requirements and techniques and expand its practical usage. This study aims to promote UHPC research and applications.  
  • 2.2K
  • 26 Dec 2022
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