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Topic Review
Design on TPMS Porous Structure
To solve the mismatch between the comprehensive mechanical properties of the spinal fusion cage and body, a fusion cage inner hole design method based on controllable TPMS-P to characterize the inner hole structure is proposed to solve the related problems. 
  • 982
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Feline Polycystic Kidney Disease
Feline polycystic kidney disease is a disease with high prevalence in some feline breeds such as the Persian breed. This disease is characterized by chronic renal failure, appears in animals between three and ten years of age and leads to severe and irreversible kidney failure. 
  • 980
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Spinal Locomotion in Cats
Locomotion is based on the synchronization between the flexion and extension of the limbs and reflex circuits of the spinal cord.
  • 977
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Field Management on Soil and Tea Root Microbiomes
Microorganisms in soils and plants affect soil physical and chemical characteristics, affect soil nutrient availability and distribution and are crucial for soil and plant health, aiding in resilience to environmental stresses.
  • 977
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Thinning Methods to Regulate Sweet Cherry Crops
In perennial fruit crops, bearing can be influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions, germplasm, rootstocks, and cultivation methods. Cherries, one of the most important and popular fruit species from the temperate climate zone, achieve high prices on the market. New agricultural technologies and environmental factors force a change in the approach to cherry cultivation. Old-type cherry orchards, with their high demand for water, nutrients, and manual work, are replaced by orchards of self-pollinating cherry cultivars grown on dwarf rootstocks. These changes make it necessary to search for ways to regulate fruiting, in particular to thin buds, flower, and fruit. In light of environmental regulations and consumer pressure, thinning methods are being sought that either do not involve the use of chemicals or that use eco-friendly chemical agents.
  • 975
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 in Farm Animals
COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongings to the family of Coronaviridae, which has affected multiple species and demonstrated zoonotic potential. The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused pandemic diseases among humans globally so far. The COVID-19 infections were also reported on farm and pet animals, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza and African Swine Fever on farm animals so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the development of the effective vaccine, the biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) may play roles in preventing potential spread of diseases/viruses.
  • 974
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Minimal Tillage in China
Minimal tillage is a tillage method that does not use a plow, reduces the tillage procedure to the necessary for crop production without destroying the soil structure at the proper time, and greatly reducing soil wind and water erosion, which mainly includes subsoiling and topsoil tillage and other tillage techniques.
  • 973
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Island Fox
The Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a remarkable species endemic to the Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California. Evolving in isolation for thousands of years, these diminutive canids display unique adaptations to their island habitats, including smaller body sizes and reduced genetic diversity compared to their mainland counterparts. Facing severe threats from introduced predators and habitat alteration, the Island Fox's conservation story serves as a testament to the resilience of island species and the importance of targeted conservation efforts.
  • 973
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Phage Therapy
The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems.
  • 972
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Animals
When presented with an animal exhibiting signs of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), such as impaired vision, mucoid discharges, redness, swelling, and corneal oedema, most veterinarians would think of bacteria, viruses, or fungi as the potential causative agent(s). Evidence has arisen in recent years of a possible connection between the protozoan Acanthamoeba and keratitis in animals. Acanthamoeba infection is underdiagnosed, but potentially common, in animals.
  • 971
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean
Marine drugs are abundant in number, comprise of a diverse range of structures with corresponding mechanisms of action, and hold promise for the discovery of new and better treatment approaches for the management of several chronic diseases. There are huge reserves of natural marine biological compounds, as 70 percent of the Earth is covered with oceans, indicating a diversity of chemical entities on the planet.
  • 971
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Anticancer Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants of Himalayas
Prunus cornuta Wall. ex Royle (Rosaceae) and Quercus semicarpifolia Sm (Fagaceae) are widely found in the Himalayan regions of Pakistan and India. These plants contain numerous phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and tannins. Traditionally, P. cornuta has been used to cure anemia. In contrast, Q. semicarpifolia is used to treat various ailments such as muscular pain, bleeding, chronic diarrhea, wound healing, inflammation, and dysentery.
  • 971
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Biological Processes of Designing Candidate Anti-Tick Vaccines
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropod ectoparasites distributed worldwide, and belong to two families; Ixodidae (hard-bodied ticks) and Argasidae (soft-bodied ticks). They affect 80% of the world’s cattle population and are associated with numerous health and economic effects. In developing tropical countries, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) constitute a major constraint to the livestock production, especially among smallholder farms of East, Central and Southern Africa.
  • 970
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Pseudomonas Lipopeptides
The Pseudomonas genus is ubiquitous and comprises species which are well known phytopathogens, such as P. syringae, or opportunistic human pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa, but also host members associated with water, soil and plant surfaces. Pseudomonas spp. are well adapted to growing in the rhizosphere and are well suited for biocontrol and growth promotion. Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host–microbe interactions and plant disease control.
  • 969
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Impact Affective State Recognition in Livestock
Farm animals, numbering over 70 billion worldwide, are increasingly managed in large-scale, intensive farms. With both public awareness and scientific evidence growing that farm animals experience suffering, as well as affective states such as fear, frustration and distress, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and accurate methods for monitoring their welfare. At present, there are not scientifically validated ‘benchmarks’ for quantifying transient emotional (affective) states in farm animals, and no established measures of good welfare, only indicators of poor welfare, such as injury, pain and fear. Conventional approaches to monitoring livestock welfare are time-consuming, interrupt farming processes and involve subjective judgments. Biometric sensor data enabled by artificial intelligence is an emerging smart solution to unobtrusively monitoring livestock, but its potential for quantifying affective states and ground-breaking solutions in their application are yet to be realized. 
  • 969
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Colombian Weasel
The Colombian Weasel, scientifically known as Mustela felipei, is a small carnivorous mammal endemic to the cloud forests of the Colombian Andes. This elusive species, also known as the Don Felipe's weasel, is characterized by its slender body, short legs, and distinctively marked fur, typically dark brown with a cream-colored underside. As a vital component of its ecosystem, the Colombian Weasel plays a crucial role as a predator, primarily feeding on small mammals, birds, insects, and fruits, contributing to the balance and diversity of its montane habitat.
  • 968
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Devices to Identify the Stage II of Labor
Cattle farming is facing an increase in number of animals that farmers must care for, together with decreasing time for observation of the single animal. Remote monitoring systems are needed in order to optimize workload, calving assistance, first neonatal care and animal welfare. The expulsive phase is characterized by the complete dilation of birth canal, fetal sacs rupture, fetus entering the canal together with intense and coordinated uterine and abdominal contractions. Sensors for the detection of the stage II of labor can be divided into two main categories: external devices which are sutured to the vulvar skin, and intravaginal sensors.
  • 967
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of brain tumor that is notorious for its aggressiveness and invasiveness, and the complete removal of GBM is still not possible, even with advanced diagnostic strategies and extensive therapeutic plans. Its dismal prognosis and short survival time after diagnosis make it a crucial public health issue.
  • 967
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Immunomodulation Potential of Probiotics
The use of probiotics in livestock has been suggested to significantly improve their health, immunity, growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal microbial balance. Furthermore, it was reported that the use of probiotics in animals was helpful in equilibrating their beneficial microbial population and microbial turnover via stimulating the host immune response through specific secretions and competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract.
  • 967
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Calcium Signaling and Kidney Disease
Ca2+ plays key roles in cells and decides the cell fate. During Ca2+ signaling mediates various cell deaths, such as necrosis, apoptosis, eryptosis as well as autophagy, which contribute to a series of kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), podocytopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Importantly, there are complex Ca2+ flux networks between endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondrial and lysosome, and Ca2+ signaling also links the crosstalk between various cell deaths and autophagy in kidney diseases.
  • 965
  • 29 Nov 2021
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