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Topic Review
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignant neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract and is a major contributor to mortality worldwide. Invasiveness and metastatic behavior are typical of malignant tumors and, because of its portal drainage, the liver is the closest capillary bed available in this case, hence the common site of metastatic dissemination. Current therapies forecast total resection of primary tumor when possible and partial liver resection at advanced stages, along with systemic intravenous therapies consisting of chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. These cures are definitely not exempt from drawbacks and heavy side effects. Biocompatible polymeric networks, both in colloids and bulk forms, able to absorb large quantities of water and load a variety of molecules-belong to the class of innovative drug delivery systems, thus suitable for the purpose and tunable on each patient can represent a promising alternative. Indeed, the implantation of polymeric scaffolds easy to synthesize can substitute chemotherapy and combination therapies scheduling, shortening side effects. Moreover, they do not require a surgical removal thanks to spontaneous degradation and guarantees an extended and regional cargo release, maintaining high drug concentrations.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Zinc and Breast Cancer Survival
Zinc is an essential mineral incorporated into at least 300 enzymes, and is involved in numerous signaling pathways important for, e.g., cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and redox regulation. Zinc has been reported in preclinical studies to trigger an interplay of G protein estrogen receptor with insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) and epidermal growth factor receptor, which results in the activation of important transduction pathways and biological responses such as proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer
Although pancreatic cancer (PC) was considered in the past an orphan cancer type due to its low incidence, it may become in the future one of the leading causes of cancer death. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent type of PC, being a highly aggressive malignancy and having a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
FGF/FGFR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
As the most common primary liver cancer, HCC is a tricky cancer resistant to systemic therapies. The fibroblast growth factor family and its receptors are gaining more and more attention in various cancers. Noticing an explosion in the number of studies about aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling in HCC being studied, we were encouraged to summarize them.
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  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Key preclinical studies over decades suggest prostate cancer cells titrate androgen signaling to optimize growth. Such laboratory-based studies argue that adaptations that allow growth in a low-androgen environment render prostate cancer sensitive to restoration of androgens, especially at supraphysiologic doses. Based on preclinical data, as well as clinical observations, trials employing high-dose testosterone (HDT) therapy have now been conducted. These trials suggest a clinical benefit in cancer response and quality of life in a subset of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Promising Biomarkers of RILI
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the main dose-limiting side effects in patients with thoracic cancer during radiotherapy. No reliable predictors or accurate risk models are currently available in clinical practice. Severe radiation pneumonitis (RP) or pulmonary fibrosis (PF) will reduce the quality of life, even when the anti-tumor treatment is effective for patients. Since the clinical symptoms or imaging changes identifying toxicity do not appear in the early stage, ideal biomarkers are crucial for early diagnosis and intervention in order to prevent lung complications.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Computational Histopathology
The histopathological image is widely considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Recently, deep learning technology has been extremely successful in the field of computer vision, which has also boosted considerable interest in digital pathology analysis. Deep learning and its extensions have opened several avenues to tackle many challenging histopathological image analysis problems including color normalization, image segmentation, and the diagnosis/prognosis of human cancers.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Golgi Apparatus as an Anticancer Therapeutic Target
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a central hub in our cells, helping modify and move proteins and lipids. When the GA does not work correctly, it can affect cell processes linked to cancer. This dysregulation can impact how proteins are changed, where they go in and outside the cell, how cells use energy, or even the structure of the extracellular matrix and the environment. That is why targeting the GA could be an appealing approach to treat cancer. Surprisingly, there are no anticancer drugs approved that specifically target the GA.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The tumor microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and continuously evolving milieu composed of a heterogeneous assemblage of distinct cancer cells and host cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components that constitute the tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma (Beury et al., 2014; Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). These various cell types exhibit an extensive and reciprocal crosstalk that dynamically regulates the phenotype and function of the individual cells within the TME (Haist et al., 2021). Tumor growth and mechanisms of tumor resistance are profoundly influenced by this relationship of cancer cells with their surrounding environment, making the TME an active promotor of cancer progression. 
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  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Proanthocyanidins and Anthocyanins in Nicotine-Induced NSCLC Treatment
In traditional medicine, different parts of plants, including fruits, have been used for their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Plant-based foods, such as fruits, seeds and vegetables, are used for therapeutic purposes due to the presence of flavonoid compounds. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) and anthocyanins (ACNs) are the major distributed flavonoid pigments in plants, which have therapeutic potential against certain chronic diseases. PCs and ACNs derived from plant-based foods and/or medicinal plants at different nontoxic concentrations have shown anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activity in vitro/in vivo models through inhibiting proliferation, invasion/migration, metastasis and angiogenesis and by activating apoptosis/autophagy-related mechanisms.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Biography
Silas Palmer Beebe
Silas Palmer Beebe, M.D., PhD (April 22, 1876 – December 6, 1930) an early pioneer in the field of cancer research and the pathology of the disease. Silas Palmer Beebe, also known as S.P. Beebe was born in 1876 in St. Johns, Michigan the son of Aram Beebe, a farmer and justice of the peace and Emma Lucretia (Beebe) Beebe. His father Aram was the son of Paphiras and Lucy (Day) Beebe, of Winh
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  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biomarker for Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer has the most rapidly increasing incidence rate among all major cancers, with a triple increase from 4.5 to 14.4 per 100,000 population during 1974–2013. It was estimated 52,890 new cases in the United States in 2020 and contributed to 0.36% of all cancer deaths. Most primary thyroid cancers are follicular cell-derived epithelial tumors, making up four main pathological carcinoma types: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).
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  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sleep Disturbances in Pediatric Cancer Patients
Sleep disturbances represent an understudied yet common source of distress among pediatric cancer patients and survivors, with deleterious effects on quality of life. Sleep issues stem from multiple risk factors, yet individual contributors are difficult to isolate, consequently impeding the identification of targets for intervention.
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  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Anticancer Phytochemicals and Their Structure
Cancer is a challenging disease and is the main cause of mortality worldwide; however, its impact is not evenly distributed. The cancer burden in developed and underdeveloped countries has increased over time owing to a variety of factors, including aging and growing populations, rapid socioeconomic growth, and changes in the incidence of risk factors. Since ancient times, plant-based medicines have been employed in clinical practice and have yielded good results. The modern research system and advanced screening techniques for plants’ bioactive constituents have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer. 
  • 1.0K
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy arising from the adrenal cortex often with unexpected biological behavior. It can occur at any age, with two peaks of incidence: in the first and between fifth and seventh decades of life. Although ACC are mostly hormonally active, precursors and metabolites, rather than end products of steroidogenesis are produced by dedifferentiated and immature malignant cells.
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  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Oncolytic Virus Therapy for PDAC
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis and a dismal survival rate, expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Oncolytic virus (OV) is an anticancer approach that utilizes replication-competent viruses to preferentially infect and kill tumor cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), one such OV, is already in several phase I clinical trials against different malignancies. VSV-based recombinant viruses are effective OVs against a majority of tested PDAC cell lines. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Endometrial Cancer Racial Disparity
In contrast to the decline in incidence and mortality of most other cancers, these rates are rising for endometrial cancer. Black women with endometrial cancer have an earlier diagnosis, more aggressive histology, advanced stage, and worse outcomes compared with their White counterparts. Socioeconomic status, a higher incidence of aggressive histology, and comorbid conditions are known factors leading to racial disparity in patients with endometrial cancer; nevertheless, they do not account for the entire racial disparity, which emphasizes the roles of molecular, histopathological and genetic factors. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial elements that sustain the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment, and have emerged as a widespread mechanism of tumor formation and metastasis. In obesity, the adipose tissue becomes hypertrophic and hyperplastic, triggering increased production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and leptin.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Eckols: Potential Cancer Therapies
In recent years, an increased interest in marine macroalgae bioactive compounds has been recorded due to their benefits to human health and welfare. Several of their bioactivities have been demonstrated, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral behavior.However, there is still lacking a clear definition to how these compounds exert their bioactive properties. Of all bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae, attention has been focused on phenolic compounds, specifically in phlorotannins, due to their potential for biomedical applications. Phlorotannins are a diverse and wide group of phenolic compounds, with several structural variations with base in the monomer phloroglucinol. Of all the diverse phlorotannins structures, eckol-family of phlorotannins demonstrates remarkable bioactivity, especially regarding anti-tumoral properties.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
GOF Mutant p53 in Cancers
TP53 is mutated in the majority of human cancers. Mutations can lead to loss of p53 expression or expression of mutant versions of the p53 protein. These mutant p53 proteins have oncogenic potential. They can inhibit any remaining WTp53 in a dominant negative manner, or they can acquire new functions that promote tumour growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Nov 2022
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