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Topic Review
Thiol-and Disulfide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Soft Materials
Thiols (RSH) and disulfides (RSSR) are components of many proteins, biopolymers, and biomolecules.  Many can be interconverted by simple oxidation and reduction reactions that change drastically their properties and those of host molecules of which they are a part.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Microbially-Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a sustainable approach to solve various environmental, structural, geotechnical and architectural issues. In the last decade, a ubiquitous microbial metabolism, nitrate reduction (also known as denitrification) got attention in MICP research due to its unique added benefits such as simultaneous corrosion inhibition in concrete and desaturation of porous media. The latter even upgraded MICP into a more advanced concept called microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) which is being investigated for liquefaction mitigation.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Flash-Boiling Atomization
Flash-boiling atomization is a method by which a liquid is brought into a superheated state, such as vigorous boiling, in a short timeframe while the bubbles grow considerably fast. This leads to the disintegration of the continuous liquid into tiny droplets. Flash-boiling, effervescent, and air-assisted atomization are based on a two-phase flow to achieve effective atomization. 
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions (OMSI) can be defined as a phenomenon occurring in a supported metal catalyst that is triggered by oxidative (or non-reductive) conditions with the typical features resembling that of SMSI, including 1) small-molecule of CO or H2 adsorption on metal will be significantly suppressed, 2) the support would encapsulate metal particles, 3) electron transfer from metal to the support, and 4) a reversal of the above phenomena following reduction treatment.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Materials
Since their development, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have attracted much research attention due to their unique functional characteristics, which make them appropriate for the detection of chemical species. The scientific community has directed its efforts toward the development and integration of new materials as sensing elements in SAW sensor technology with a large area of applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sample Preparation for Cosmetics Analysis
Traditional cosmetics sample preparation techniques involve liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid–liquid extraction (SLE). In last years, modern sample extraction techniques are advancing towards fast sample processing, easy automatization, as well as a reduction in organic solvent volumes, in agreement with the green chemistry principles in two ways (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction of the solvents and reagents consumption and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Screen-Printed Electrodes as Transducers
In the last decades, sensors based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have gained increasing importance because of their advantageous characteristics, such as low-cost, disposability, ease of use and portability, which allow fast analysis in point-of-need scenarios. The main characteristics of SPEs as electrochemical transducers for biosensors are described below.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Boron Used in Lithium Batteries Electrolytes
Boron and boron compounds have been extensively studied together in the history and development of lithium batteries, which are crucial to decarbonization in the automotive industry and beyond. As early as the year 2000, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, also known as LiBOB, was first reported for synthesis and use in electrolytes of LIBs. Because of the merits of being halide-free and more thermally stable than LiPF6, LiBOB has been proven beneficial either as a direct replacement for LiPF6 or as an electrolyte additive (2 wt%) in a nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA)—graphite system.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Antibiotics in Poultry Production
The utilization of antibiotics in feed has been reevaluated since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. Multiple countries have introduced bans or severe restrictions on the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics. Since the use of antibiotics may have a positive influence on poultry performance, excessive use as growth promoters harms human health. This has therefore warranted the urgent need for alternatives.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Peroxyacetic Acid Pretreatment in Lignocellulose Biorefinery
The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries. Therefore, efficient pretreatment is an essential and prerequisite step for lignocellulose biorefinery. A considerable number of studies have focused on peroxyacetic acid (PAA) pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation and some breakthroughs have been achieved in recent decades. 
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Role of Naturally Occurring Coumarins in Plants
Coumarins are secondary plant metabolites widely distributed in higher plants, bacteria, fungi, and sponges. This great structural diversity of these natural compounds and their synthesized derivatives enables their wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant; antibacterial; antifungal; anti-human immunodeficiency infection; anti-tubercular; and anti-cancer activities. There are also many reports about their effectiveness against plant pathogenic pests (phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insects). 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Metallophthalocyanines
Since the serendipitous discovery of phthalocyanines (Pcs), at the beginning of the 20th century, growing attention has been devoted to the ubiquitous catalytic properties and applications of Pcs and Pcs coordinated with metal ions, Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). In fact, these old synthetic dyes have been very attractive in the view of academic research, but mainly for catalytic industrial purposes as these dyes are easily accessible on a large scale, are robust under harsh reaction conditions, show high activity, and can be recovered and recycled. The success and diversity of MPcs as catalysts over different substrates are mostly attributed to their high structural flexibility in terms of metals and electronic properties of the phthalocyanine ligands.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Low-Temperature SCR Catalyst Development
In recent years, low-temperature SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitrification technology has been popularized in non-power industries and has played an important role in the control of industrial flue gas NOx emissions in China. Currently, the most commonly used catalysts in industry are V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2, MnO2-based catalysts, CeO2-based catalysts, MnO2-CeO2 catalysts and zeolite SCR catalysts. The flue gas emitted during industrial combustion usually contains SO2, moisture and alkali metals, which can affect the service life of SCR catalysts.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Coffee-Based Products
Coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide. However, its composition and characteristics are affected by a number of factors, such as geographical and botanical origin, harvesting and roasting conditions, and brewing method used. As coffee consumption rises, the demands on its high quality and authenticity naturally grows as well. Unfortunately, at the same time, various tricks of coffee adulteration occur more frequently, with the intention of quick economic profit. Many analytical methods have already been developed to verify the coffee authenticity, in which the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plays a crucial role, especially thanks to its high selectivity and sensitivity. 
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for Uranium Removal
Groundwater is commonly used as a drinking water resource all over the world. Therefore, groundwater contamination by toxic metals is an important issue of utmost concern for public health, and several technologies are applied for their effective removal, such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane applications like reverse osmosis. Adsorption is acknowledged as a simple, effective and economic technology, which has received increased interest recently, despite certain limitations regarding operational applications. The respective scientific efforts have been specifically focused on the development and implementation of novel nano-structured adsorbent materials, which may offer extensive specific surface areas, much higher than the conventional adsorbents, and hence, are expected to present higher removal efficiencies of pollutants. In this paper, the recent developments of nanomaterial applications for uranium removal from groundwaters are critically reviewed. Particularly, the use of novel composite materials, based mainly on hybrid metallic oxide nanoparticles and on composites based on graphene oxide (GO) (i.e., graphene-based hybrids), showed promising evidences to achieve efficient removal of toxic metals from water sources, even in full scale applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 May 2020
Topic Review
Sulfamethoxazole in Water
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a frequently used antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract, respiratory, and intestinal infections and as a supplement in livestock or fishery farming to boost production.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Carbohydrate-Based Ionic Liquids
Carbohydrate-derived ionic liquids with at least one ionic counterpart derived from carbohydrate precursor have been explored as bio-alternatives to conventional ionic liquids for over a decade. Since their discovery, significant progress has been made regarding synthetic methods, understanding their environmental impact, and developing perspectives on their potential applications. Carbohydrates can be converted into cations or anions for ILs through standard reactions that are already applied widely in carbohydrate chemistry. Most of the research on sugar-based ILs has focused on cation synthesis, though the most promising synthetic route towards ILs (in terms of the number of required synthetic steps) involves transforming carbohydrates into anions such as gluconate, glucuronate, or galacturonate. Moreover, functionalization of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with sugar moieties has also recently been investigated. The most common precursors for carbohydrate-derived ionic liquids include glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, isomannide, isosorbide, ribitol, and mannitol.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Salts Hydrates and Composites
Salt hydrates are alloys of salts and water. Salt hydrates display high theoretical energy densities, which are promising materials in thermal energy storage (TES).
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Olive Mill Wastewater Remediation
Olive oil production in Mediterranean countries represents a crucial market, especially for Spain, Italy, and Greece. Waste generated from olive oil production processes can be divided into solid waste and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). 
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Synthesis of MXenes
MXenes provide a major drawback involving environmentally harmful and toxic substances for its general fabrication in large-scale production and employing a high-temperature solid-state reaction followed by selective etching. Meanwhile, how MXenes are synthesized is essential in directing their end uses. Therefore, making strategic approaches to synthesize greener, safer, more sustainable, and more environmentally friendly MXenes is imperative to commercialize at a competitive price. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Jan 2023
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