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Topic Review
Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. 
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Metal Allergy
Metal allergy is mainly an environmental disorder which can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Environmental metal exposures include jewelry, everyday metal items, mobile phones, leather, metal-rich food and implants, including stents or anchors. While consumer exposure is liable for the majority of metal hypersensitivity cases, the significance of occupational exposure to metals remains relevant. The most common metal allergens are nickel, chromium, and cobalt.
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Soluble Factors and Receptors in Skin Innate Immunity
The pattern recognition receptors, complement system, inflammasomes, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokines are innate immunity soluble factors. They sense, either directly or indirectly, the potential threats and produce inflammation and cellular death. High interest in their modulation has emerged lately, acknowledging they are involved in many cutaneous inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. We extensively reviewed the implication of soluble factors in skin innate immunity. Furthermore, we showed which molecules target these factors, how these molecules work and how they've been used in dermatological practice. Cytokine inhibitors have paved the way to a new era in treating moderate to severe psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. 
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mechanotransduction in Skin and Wounds
Skin injury is a common occurrence and mechanical forces are known to significantly impact the biological processes of skin regeneration and wound healing. Immediately following the disruption of the skin, the process of wound healing begins, bringing together numerous cell types to collaborate in several sequential phases. These cells produce a multitude of molecules and initiate multiple signaling pathways that are associated with skin disorders and abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and chronic wounds. Studies have shown that mechanical forces can alter the microenvironment of a healing wound, causing changes in cellular function, motility, and signaling. A better understanding of the mechanobiology of cells in the skin is essential in the development of efficacious therapeutics to reduce skin disorders, normalize abnormal wound healing, and minimize scar formation.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Superficial Spindle Cell Mesenchymal Tumors
Superficial spindle cell mesenchymal tumors form a diverse group of lesions with benign and malignant entities that are often very similar clinically and/or histologically. In children, the patient’s age; the lesion site; the presentation as a mass, nodule, or plaque; and the location in the dermis or subcutis are important features that will guide the dermatologist and the pathologist.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cassia alata (Linnaeus) Roxburgh for Skin
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflamed skin condition with relapsing pruritus and cutaneous physiological dysfunction. This skin disorder is widespread around the world and frequently affects infants, children and adults. Natural products with bioactive lead compounds are the source of natural medicines for complementary and alternative therapy in managing AD. Cassia alata (Senna alata) has been used traditionally as a remedy for a variety of health issues. Cassia alata is also known as ringworm cassia. This plant is perennial and is known as a ‘candle bush’ due to its shape and inflorescences. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Acne Inversa
Acne inversa, namely, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting ~1% of the global population. HS typically occurs after puberty, with the average age of onset in the second or third decades of life and with a female predominance. Approximately one third of patients are genetically predisposed. Moreover, lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity, play a crucial role in the clinical course of HS.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting BP180 and BP230 in the basement membrane zone. This leads to the activation of complement-dependent and independent pathways, resulting in proteolytic cleavage at the dermoepidermal junction and an eosinophilic inflammatory response. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are the most frequently reported drugs related to BP and, therefore, have been extensively investigated. They may potentially trigger BP through the impaired proteolytic degradation of BP180, combined with immune dysregulation. Other drugs, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, biologics, diuretics and cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric agents, have also been associated with BP development but present poorly understood pathogenic mechanisms.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Disease Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in China
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is now a global health problem and has been attracting extensive attention from both academic and public society in China. The prevalence of AD has been increasing rapidly in China, partially due to the increased recognition of the disease; there are still substantial amounts of over-diagnosed eczema and under-diagnosed AD. Chinese dermatologists see many AD patients with atypical manifestation, which poses a challenge to the diagnosis. The Chinese diagnostic criteria for adults and pediatric patients with AD have been proposed respectively and validated with high sensitivity and specificity. International and Chinese guidelines for management of AD have been popularized
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Dermatan Sulfate in Tissue Development
The crucial roles of dermatan sulfate (DS) have been demonstrated in tissue development of the cutis, blood vessels, and bone through construction of the extracellular matrix and cell signaling. DS classically exerts physiological functions via interaction with collagens, growth factors, and heparin cofactor-II.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by well-demarcated scaly raised plaques.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
TNF-α Inhibitors and Vaccinations
This entry is a up-to-dated review of the current indications for vaccination in patients on anti-TNF-a therapy. Live attenuated vaccines are always contraindicated, while inactivated vaccines can be safely administered.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Complex and Coordinated Network of Skin Keratinization
The epidermis serves many vital roles, including protecting the body from external influences and healing eventual injuries. It is maintained by an incredibly complex and perfectly coordinated keratinization process. In this process, desquamation is essential for the differentiation of epidermal basal progenitor cells into enucleated corneocytes, which subsequently desquamate through programmed death. Numerous factors control keratinocyte differentiation: epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α, keratinocyte growth factor, interleukins IL-1-β and IL-6, elevated vitamin A levels, and changes in Ca2+ concentration. The backbone of the keratinocyte transformation process from mitotically active basal cells into fully differentiated, enucleated corneocytes is the expression of specific proteins and the creation of a Ca2+ and pH gradient at precise locations within the epidermis.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Wound Healing Material
Dermal wound healing describes the progressive repair and recalcitrant mechanism of damaged skin, and eventually, reformatting and reshaping the skin. Many probiotics, nutritional supplements, metal nanoparticles, composites, skin constructs, polymers, and so forth have been associated with the improved healing process of wounds. The exact mechanism of material-cellular interaction is a point of immense importance, particularly in pathological conditions such as diabetes. Bioengineered alternative agents will likely continue to dominate the outpatient and perioperative management of chronic, recalcitrant wounds as new products continue to cut costs and improve the wound healing process. 
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Based Diets effects on Skin Diseases
A plant-based diet refers to a way of eating that primarily focuses on consuming foods derived from plants. This includes a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils, legumes, nuts, seeds, fungi, and whole grains. Animal products and processed foods are limited or avoided in this dietary approach. Plant-based diets have been found to have benefits for various conditions and diseases and specific plant-based functional foods can play a role in supporting skin health. One of the targets of this dietary pattern is the gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms residing in our digestive system. Improving the health of the gut microbiota may contribute to some of the positive effects observed on overall health, including the skin. By adopting a plant-based diet, individuals can provide their bodies with a rich array of nutrients, antioxidants, and fiber that are abundant in plant foods. These components can support overall health and may have a positive impact on the condition of the skin. However, it's important to note that individual results may vary, and maintaining a balanced diet, as well as considering other factors like skincare routines and overall lifestyle, is essential for optimal skin health.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacological Wound Healing Evidence of Iberian Lamiaceae
The traditional use of the family Lamiaceae has been highlighted in several ethnobotanical assays carried out within the Iberian Peninsula. Usually, Lamiaceae species are rich essential oil-bearing plants with a great diversity of phenolic compounds, polyphenols, iridoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, saponins and, in some restricted cases, pyridine and pyrrolidine alkaloids.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The MEK5/ERK5 Pathway
The MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade is a unique signaling module activated by both mitogens and stress stimuli, including cytokines, fluid shear stress, high osmolarity, and oxidative stress.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Asthma
Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the bronchial mucosa affecting 10% of children and 5% of adults in Western countries.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Curcumin in Wound-Healing
Wound healing is an intricate process of tissue repair or remodeling that occurs in response to injury. Plants and plant-derived bioactive constituents are well explored in the treatment of various types of wounds. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic substance that has been used since ancient times in Ayurveda for its healing properties, as it reduces inflammation and acts on several healing stages.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), is a severe, systemic, T cell mediated drug reaction with combinations of cutaneous, hematologic, and internal organ involvement. Pathogenesis of DReSS is multi-factorial, involving drug-exposure, genetic predisposition through specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and metabolism defects, viral reactivation, and immune dysregulation. Clinical features of this condition are delayed, stepwise, and heterogenous, making this syndrome challenging to recognize and diagnose.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 May 2022
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