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Topic Review
Detection Methods of Microcystins
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are globally on the increase in both frequency and intensity as a result of eutrophication and climate change. The most frequently reported CyanoHABs toxins are cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins microcystins (MCs) which have attracted worldwide studies. MCs most often found in water and to a lesser extent in desert environments are primarily produced by cyanobacteria species of the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc, Cylindrospermopsis, and Planktothrix.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Complement Cascade for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly population. AMD is characterized in its late form by neovascularization (wet type) or geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium cell layer (dry type). Regarding the latter type, there is growing evidence supporting an association between the pathophysiology of dry AMD and key proteins in the complement cascade. The complement cascade works as a central part of the innate immune system by defending against foreign pathogens and modified self-tissues. Through three distinct pathways, a series of plasma and membrane-associated serum proteins are activated upon identification of a foreign entity. Several of these proteins have been implicated in the development and progression of dry AMD. Potential therapeutic targets include C1q, C3, C5, complement factors (B, D, H, I), membrane attack complex, and properdin.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Aug 2022
Biography
Heinz Pose
Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975) was a German nuclear physicist. He did pioneering work which contributed to the understanding nuclear energy levels. He worked on the German nuclear energy project Uranverein. After World War II, the Soviet Union sent him to establish and head Laboratory V in Obninsk. From 1957, he was at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, R
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sulfolobus Metallicus
Sulfolobus metallicus is a coccoid shaped thermophilic archaeon. It is a strict chemolithoautotroph gaining energy by oxidation of sulphur and sulphidic ores into sulfuric acid. Its type strain is Kra 23 (DSM 6482). It has many uses that take advantage of its ability to grow on metal media under acidic and hot environments.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Alfie Agnew
Alfonso F. "Alfie" Agnew, Ph.D (born January 24, 1969) is an American mathematician, singer, musician and songwriter. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Agnew is best known for being a member of the punk bands the Adolescents and D.I.. Alfie's brothers Rikk Agnew and Frank Agnew are also former Adolescents guitarists. Alfonso F. Agnew was born on January 24, 1969, into a musical family,
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
David Olive
David Ian Olive CBE FRS FLSW (/ˈɒlɪv/ (listen); 16 April 1937 – 7 November 2012) was a British theoretical physicist. Olive made fundamental contributions to string theory and duality theory, he is particularly known for his work on the GSO projection and Montonen–Olive duality. He was professor of physics at Imperial College, London, from 1984 to 1992.[1] In 1992 he moved to Swansea Uni
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Spotted Skunk
The genus Spilogale includes all skunks commonly known as spotted skunks and is composed of four extant species: S. gracilis, S. putorius, S. pygmaea, and S. angustifrons.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Tsao Chang
Tsao Chang (Chinese: 张操 born 1942 in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-American physicist.[1] Chang has taught physics and conducted research on the theory of space and time more than 50 years in China and the United States. Tsao Chang was born in Shanghai China on April 22, 1942. He met his wife Bei Lei Dong while attending Fudan university. They were wed in September 1967. They had 2 boys.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanotheranostics
Several nanotheranostics are used in medical imaging and radiation therapy for tumor detection and treatment.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Chemotherapeutic Targeting of Tumors with Imidazole-Enriched Nanoparticles
Accumulating chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin within a tumor while limiting the drug dose to normal tissues is a central goal of drug delivery with nanoparticles. Liposomal products such as Doxil® represent one of the marked successes of nanoparticle-based strategies. To replicate this success for cancer treatment, many approaches with nanoparticles are being explored in order to direct and release chemotherapeutic agents to achieve higher accumulation in tumors. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Cora L. V. Scott
Cora Lodencia Veronica Scott (April 21, 1840 – January 3, 1923) was one of the best-known mediums of the Spiritualism movement of the last half of the 19th century. Most of her work was done as a trance lecturer, though she also wrote some books whose composition was attributed to spirit guides rather than her own personality. Cora Scott was born on April 21, 1840 near Cuba, New York. At he
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Werner E. Reichardt
Werner E. Reichardt (30 January 1924 – 18 September 1992) was a German physicist and biologist who helped to establish the field of biological cybernetics. He co-founded the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, and the Journal of Biological Cybernetics. As a young student, Werner Reichardt was a pupil in the laboratory of Hans Erich Hollmann, a pioneer of ultra-shortwave communi
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Otto Haxel
Otto Haxel (2 April 1909, in Neu-Ulm – 26 February 1998, in Heidelberg) was a Germany nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project. After the war, he was on the staff of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Göttingen. From 1950 to 1974, he was an ordinarius professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg, where he fostered the use of nuclear p
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Alfred Zehe
Alfred Zehe (born May 23, 1939) is a Germany physicist, professor and author. After American authorities charged him with spying for the East German government in 1983, he became part of a high-profile prisoner exchange between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Born in Farnstädt, Germany, Alfred Zehe was trained from a young age to be an underground copper miner. In 1964, he graduated from the
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Günter Bechly
Günter Bechly (born October 16 1963 in Sindelfingen) is a German paleontologist and entomologist, who works with fossil insects (especially dragonflies). From 1999 to 2016 he was scientific curator for amber and fossil insects at the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. [1] Bechly studied from 1987 to 1991 biology at the University of Hohenheim and from 1991 to 1994 zoology, parasit
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bet Hedging
Biological bet hedging occurs when organisms suffer decreased fitness in their typical conditions in exchange for increased fitness in stressful conditions. Biological bet hedging was originally proposed to explain the observation of a seed bank, or a reservoir of ungerminated seeds in the soil. For example, an annual plant's fitness is maximized for that year if all of its seeds germinate. However, if a drought occurs that kills germinated plants, but not ungerminated seeds, plants with seeds remaining in the seed bank will have a fitness advantage. Therefore, it can be advantageous for plants to "hedge their bets" in case of a drought by producing some seeds that germinate immediately and other seeds that lie dormant. Other examples of biological bet hedging include female multiple mating, foraging behavior in bumble bees, nutrient storage in rhizobia, and bacterial persistence in the presence of antibiotics.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Sequenced Algae Genomes
This list of sequenced algae genomes contains algae species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published. Unassembled genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences. For plant genomes see the list of sequenced plant genomes. For plastid sequences, see the list of sequenced plastomes. For all kingdoms, see the list of sequenced genomes.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Biography
Hanna von Hoerner
Hanna von Hoerner (14 November 1942 – 4 July 2014) was a German astrophysicist. She founded the company von Hoerner & Sulger which produces scientific instruments, notably cosmic dust analyzers used on space missions by European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. Hanna von Hoerner was born in Görlitz in 1942.[1] Her father was the astrophysicist Sebastian von Hoerner.[2] With his help and encour
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
John Moffat
John W. Moffat (born 24 May 1932)[1] is a Danish-born British-Canadian physicist. He is currently Professor Emeritus in physics at the University of Toronto[2] and is also an adjunct Professor in physics at the University of Waterloo and a resident affiliate member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Moffat is best known for his work on gravity and cosmology, culminating in his
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Immunological Constant of Rejection
The Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), is a notion introduced by biologists to group a shared set of genes expressed in tissue destructive-pathogenic conditions like cancer and infection, along a diverse set of physiological circumstances of tissue damage or organ failure, including autoimmune disease or allograft rejection. The identification of shared mechanisms and phenotypes by distinct immune pathologies, marked as a hallmarks or biomarkers, aids in the identification of novel treatment options, without necessarily assessing patients phenomenologies individually.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
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