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Topic Review
Sulfolobus Metallicus
Sulfolobus metallicus is a coccoid shaped thermophilic archaeon. It is a strict chemolithoautotroph gaining energy by oxidation of sulphur and sulphidic ores into sulfuric acid. Its type strain is Kra 23 (DSM 6482). It has many uses that take advantage of its ability to grow on metal media under acidic and hot environments.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Astrocytes Involvement in AD
Astrocytes, the most numerous glia cells in the brain, have many housekeeping functions, maintain the homeostasis of the CNS and are responsible for neuroprotection and defense. Long regarded as a non-specific, mere consequence of AD pathology, activation of astrocytes is now considered a key factor in both initiation and progression of the disease, and suppression of astrogliosis exacerbates neuropathology. Reactive astrocytes overexpress many cytokines, chemokines, and signaling molecules that activate or damage neighboring cells and their interplay with microglia and neurons can result in virtuous/vicious cycles which differ in different brain regions. Heterogeneity of glia, either between or within a particular brain region, is likely relevant in healthy conditions and disease processes. Understanding the spatial differences and roles of glia will allow assessing how those interactions can influence the state and progression of the disease, and will be critical to identify therapeutic strategies.  
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2020
Biography
John Harris
John W. Harris (born March 14, 1950) is an American experimental high energy nuclear physicist and Professor of Physics at Yale University. He was the founding spokesperson for the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. After obtaining a Bachelor of Science, with Distinction, from the University of Washington, John Harris started his career at the Stony Brook University (t
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Francisco D'Agostino
Francisco D'Agostino (born February 9, 1946) is an Italian jurist, who specialises in philosophy of law and bioethics. D'Agostino graduated from the University of Rome in 1968 with a degree in jurisprudence[1]. He continued his legal and philosophical studies at the University of Bonn and University of Fribourg[2], before obtaining a doctorate in jurisprudence at the University of Catania[3].
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Vaginal Aging
The aging of the organism is a complex and multifactorial process. It can be viewed in the context of the whole organism, but also of individual tissues and organs. The problem of vaginal aging and the related genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly reduces the quality of women’s lives. The aging process of the vagina includes estrogen deficiencies, changes in the microbiome, and changes at the genetic level associated with DNA methylation. During the menopause, the number of Lactobacillus colonies decreases, and the number of pathological bacteria colonies increases. The decrease in estrogen levels results in a decrease in vaginal epithelial permeability, perfusion, and elastin levels, resulting in vaginal dryness and atrophy. Changes at the molecular level are the least clear. It can also be assumed that, similarly to the tissues studied so far, there are changes in cytosine methylation and TET (ten-eleven translocation) expression. The interrelationships between DNA methylation, hormonal changes, and the vaginal microbiome have not yet been fully elucidated.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Spotted Skunk
The genus Spilogale includes all skunks commonly known as spotted skunks and is composed of four extant species: S. gracilis, S. putorius, S. pygmaea, and S. angustifrons.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Biography
Cora L. V. Scott
Cora Lodencia Veronica Scott (April 21, 1840 – January 3, 1923) was one of the best-known mediums of the Spiritualism movement of the last half of the 19th century. Most of her work was done as a trance lecturer, though she also wrote some books whose composition was attributed to spirit guides rather than her own personality. Cora Scott was born on April 21, 1840 near Cuba, New York. At he
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
Alfie Agnew
Alfonso F. "Alfie" Agnew, Ph.D (born January 24, 1969) is an American mathematician, singer, musician and songwriter. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Agnew is best known for being a member of the punk bands the Adolescents and D.I.. Alfie's brothers Rikk Agnew and Frank Agnew are also former Adolescents guitarists. Alfonso F. Agnew was born on January 24, 1969, into a musical family,
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Günter Bechly
Günter Bechly (born October 16 1963 in Sindelfingen) is a German paleontologist and entomologist, who works with fossil insects (especially dragonflies). From 1999 to 2016 he was scientific curator for amber and fossil insects at the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. [1] Bechly studied from 1987 to 1991 biology at the University of Hohenheim and from 1991 to 1994 zoology, parasit
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
David Olive
David Ian Olive CBE FRS FLSW (/ˈɒlɪv/ (listen); 16 April 1937 – 7 November 2012) was a British theoretical physicist. Olive made fundamental contributions to string theory and duality theory, he is particularly known for his work on the GSO projection and Montonen–Olive duality. He was professor of physics at Imperial College, London, from 1984 to 1992.[1] In 1992 he moved to Swansea Uni
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Detection Methods of Microcystins
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are globally on the increase in both frequency and intensity as a result of eutrophication and climate change. The most frequently reported CyanoHABs toxins are cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins microcystins (MCs) which have attracted worldwide studies. MCs most often found in water and to a lesser extent in desert environments are primarily produced by cyanobacteria species of the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc, Cylindrospermopsis, and Planktothrix.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Biography
Heinz Pose
Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975) was a German nuclear physicist. He did pioneering work which contributed to the understanding nuclear energy levels. He worked on the German nuclear energy project Uranverein. After World War II, the Soviet Union sent him to establish and head Laboratory V in Obninsk. From 1957, he was at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, R
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Aphthous Stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sore is also used, mainly in North America, although it may also refer to other types of mouth ulcers. The cause is not completely understood but involves a T cell-mediated immune response triggered by a variety of factors which may include nutritional deficiencies, local trauma, stress, hormonal influences, allergies, genetic predisposition, certain foods, dehydration, or some food additives. These ulcers occur periodically and heal completely between attacks. In the majority of cases, the individual ulcers last about 7–10 days, and ulceration episodes occur 3–6 times per year. Most appear on the non-keratinizing epithelial surfaces in the mouth – i.e. anywhere except the attached gingiva, the hard palate and the dorsum of the tongue – although the more severe forms, which are less common, may also involve keratinizing epithelial surfaces. Symptoms range from a minor nuisance to interfering with eating and drinking. The severe forms may be debilitating, even causing weight loss due to malnutrition. The condition is very common, affecting about 20% of the general population to some degree. The onset is often during childhood or adolescence, and the condition usually lasts for several years before gradually disappearing. There is no cure, and treatments such as corticosteroids aim to manage pain, reduce healing time and reduce the frequency of episodes of ulceration.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Biography
Tsao Chang
Tsao Chang (Chinese: 张操 born 1942 in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-American physicist.[1] Chang has taught physics and conducted research on the theory of space and time more than 50 years in China and the United States. Tsao Chang was born in Shanghai China on April 22, 1942. He met his wife Bei Lei Dong while attending Fudan university. They were wed in September 1967. They had 2 boys.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Simultaneously Extracted Metals and Acid-Volatile Sulfide
Simultaneously extracted metals/Acid-volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS) is an approach used in the field of aquatic toxicology to assess the potential for metal ions found in sediment to cause toxic effects in organisms dwelling in the sediment. In this approach, the amounts of several heavy metals in a sediment sample are measured in a laboratory; at the same time, the amount of acid-volatile sulfide (sulfide which can be liberated from the sediment by treatment with hydrochloric acid) is determined. Based on the chemical interactions between heavy metals (SEM) and acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), the concentrations of these two components can be used to assess the potential for toxicity to sediment-dwelling organisms.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Caspar Isenkrahe
Mathias Caspar Hubert Isenkrahe (12 May 1844, in Müntz, Rhine Province – 12 August 1921, in Trier) was a German mathematician, physicist and catholic philosopher of nature. Caspar Isenkrahe grew up without a father, who died before Caspar's birth. Isenkrahe visited in 1856 the Progymnasium in Jülich, in 1857 the Marzellengymnasium in Cologne and from 1858 to 1863 the Realprogymnasium in B
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Biography
Hanna von Hoerner
Hanna von Hoerner (14 November 1942 – 4 July 2014) was a German astrophysicist. She founded the company von Hoerner & Sulger which produces scientific instruments, notably cosmic dust analyzers used on space missions by European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. Hanna von Hoerner was born in Görlitz in 1942.[1] Her father was the astrophysicist Sebastian von Hoerner.[2] With his help and encour
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
William Robert Graham
William Robert Graham (born June 15, 1937) is an American physicist who was Chairman of President Reagan's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control from 1982 to 1985, a Deputy Administrator and Acting Administrator of NASA during 1985 and 1986, and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and concurrently Science Adviser to President Reagan from 1986 to 1989. He then
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Grapevine Wastes as a Source of Antioxidants
Wine production is one of the most critical agro-industrial sectors worldwide, generating large amounts of waste with negative environmental impacts, but also with high economic value and several potential applications. From wine shoots to grape pomace or seeds, all of the wastes are rich sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects for human health, with these compounds being raw materials for other industries such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food industries. Furthermore, these compounds present health benefits such as being antioxidants, supporting the immune system, anti-tumoral, or preventing cardiovascular and neural diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Chemotherapeutic Targeting of Tumors with Imidazole-Enriched Nanoparticles
Accumulating chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin within a tumor while limiting the drug dose to normal tissues is a central goal of drug delivery with nanoparticles. Liposomal products such as Doxil® represent one of the marked successes of nanoparticle-based strategies. To replicate this success for cancer treatment, many approaches with nanoparticles are being explored in order to direct and release chemotherapeutic agents to achieve higher accumulation in tumors. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
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