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Topic Review
EXO70 Gene Family in Cotton
The EXO70 gene is a vital component of the exocytosis complex and participates in biological processes ranging from plant cell division to polar growth. There are many EXO70 genes in plants and their functions are extensive, but little is known about the EXO70 gene family in cotton. Here, we analyzed four cotton sequence databases, identified 165 EXO70 genes, and divided them into eight subgroups (EXO70A–EXO70H) based on their phylogenetic relationships. EXO70A had the most exons (≥11), whereas the other seven each had only one or two exons. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Assessing Kettle Holes Habitat Connectivity
Kettle holes are hotspots of biodiversity that provide suitable conditions for wildlife species (i.e., amphibians, insects, aquatic plants) and contribute to landscape heterogeneity. They are also considered to function as stepping stone habitats that contribute to habitat connectivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Trace Minerals Functions in Ruminant Animals
Trace minerals play an important role in animal health and productivity. They are involved also in many physiological activities, and their deficiency causes a variety of pathological problems and metabolic defects, reducing consequently the animal productivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that is reshaping industries and daily life, leading us towards a connected future that is full of possibilities and innovations. IoT technologies are widely used in the agriculture sector in many developed countries to increase production and meet the demand for food supply in the market. IoT in agriculture can reduce production costs and time by providing precision agriculture.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Livestock Health
Pollution due to microplastics and nanoplastics is one of the major environmental issues and represents a growing threat to human and animal health. In aquatic species, there is a large amount of information regarding the perturbation of marine organisms; only few studies focused on the pathophysiological consequences of an acute and chronic exposure to micro- and nanoplastics in mammalian systems, especially on the reproductive system.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Protein Quality Control System
As a collection of pathways that regulates proteins’ life cycles including their synthesis, folding, assembly, degradation and reversal, the protein quality control system mainly consists of the ERS, ALS and UPS. It plays an important role in maintaining normal cell metabolism and avoiding protein dysfunction, especially in the physiological and pathological processes of AD.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Virus Inactivation by Visible Light
Bacteria and fungi are known to be inactivated not only by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light. Viruses appear to be sensitive to visible (violet/blue) light.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Angolan Genet
The Angolan Genet (Genetta angolensis), indigenous to the southwestern regions of Africa, is a captivating small carnivore that belongs to the Genet family. Recognized for its distinctive coat pattern and slender physique, this elusive species navigates a range of habitats, from woodlands to savannas, showcasing its adaptability in diverse ecosystems. With its nocturnal habits and agile climbing skills, the Angolan Genet remains a subject of interest for researchers and wildlife enthusiasts exploring the rich biodiversity of the African continent.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Microbiome Establishment in Rumens
Within the ruminant intestines, a diverse array of microbiota predominates, predominantly comprised of bacteria with a specialized role in breaking down intricate nutrients like cellulose and hemicellulose. This breakdown results in the conversion of these complex compounds into simpler constituents, such as glucose, which ultimately facilitates the assimilation of nutrients. The composition of these microbial communities within the rumen is contingent on a multitude of factors. These include breed, age, external environment, diet, and nutritional factors. Moreover, other variables, such as the process of weaning, energy requirements, and the presence of potentially toxic metabolic byproducts, can also exert an impact on the microbial composition and abundance within the rumen. External factors, including heat stress, psychological stress, environmental conditions, and dietary patterns, can likewise pose threats to the stability of rumen microflora.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Saline Soil-Based Crop Cultivations by Applying Halophyte-Associated Bacteria
Using the biological approach of halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (HT-PGPB) as bio-inoculants provides a promising crop enhancement strategy. HT-PGPB has been proven capable of forming a symbiotic relationship with the host plant by instilling induced salinity tolerance (IST) and multiple plant growth-promoting traits (PGP). 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Application of Molecular Hydrogen to Postharvest Produce
Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been found to have significant effects in a range of organisms, from plants to humans. In the biomedical arena it has been found to have positive effects for neurodegenerative disease and even for treatment of COVID-19. In plants H2 has been found to improve seed germination, foliar growth, and crops: effects being most pronounced under stress conditions. It has also been found that treatment with H2 can improve the postharvest preservation of fruits, vegetables and flowers.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and 5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored notches and a curved spur.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Weeds Enhance Pollinator Diversity in Mango
Weeds increase the diversity of pollinating insects on mango flowers, and mangos with weeds growing below produced more fruit than those without weeds. Weeds can provide ground cover and flowers that can support insect pollinators, natural enemies, and increase biodiversity at the field and landscape level. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cow Behavioural Activities in Extensive Farms
Animal welfare is becoming an increasingly important requirement in the livestock sector to improve, and therefore raise, the quality and healthiness of food production. By monitoring the behaviour of the animals, such as feeding, rumination, walking, and lying, it is possible to understand their physical and psychological status. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools offer a good solution to assist the farmer in managing the herd, overcoming the limits of human control, and to react early in the case of animal health issues. The entry highlights a key concern that occurs in the design and validation of IoT-based systems created for monitoring grazing cows in extensive agricultural systems, since they have many more, and more complicated, problems than indoor farms. In this context, the most common concerns are related to the battery life of the devices, the sampling frequency to be used for data collection, the need for adequate service connection coverage and transmission range, the computational site, and the performance of the algorithm embedded in IoT-systems in terms of computational cost. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice
Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. 
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Galleria mellonella and Acinetobacter baumannii Pathogenesis
G. mellonella, also known as a wax moth, belongs to Lepidoptera order from the Pyralidae family. This moth is distributed worldwide, and is commercially available for fishing or to feed reptiles and birds, making them readily accessible. The last larval stage of this insect has been utilized as a host model to extensively study bacteria and fungi pathogenesis, including Acinetobacter baumannii
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk
Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk, scientifically known as Conepatus chinga, is a species of skunk native to South America, particularly found in regions of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Recognizable by its distinct hog-like snout and characteristic black and white fur markings, Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk is primarily nocturnal and solitary, inhabiting a variety of habitats including grasslands, scrublands, and forests. Despite its common association with its pungent defensive spray, this skunk species plays a vital ecological role as a predator of small vertebrates and insects within its ecosystem.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Effect of Using Milk Replacers on Goat Carcass
Since goat milk has a higher value than kid meat in Europe, some farmers rear kids with milk replacers, although some studies have stated that kids raised on natural milk yield higher-quality carcasses. The previous studies showed some interactions between breed and rearing system on carcass and meat quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Precision Beekeeping Systems
Precision beekeeping (PB) systems have promising strength points and represent great opportunities for the development of beekeeping; however, they have some weaknesses, represented especially by the high purchasing costs and the low preparedness of the addressed operators, and imply some possible threats for beekeeping in terms of unrealistic perception of the apiary status if they applied to some hives only and a possible adverse impact on the honeybees’ colony itself.
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Proline and Heat-tolerance
Dietary proline supplementation is useful for enhancing heat-tolerance and semen quality of rabbit bucks affected by heat-stress. These effects are dose-dependent and were achieved at doses ranging between 50 and 100 mg proline/kg DM. Higher proline concentrations likely have undesirable effects on redox status and sperm quality.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jul 2021
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