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Topic Review
GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in Plant
The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest.
  • 915
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Potential of Camelina sativa
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz., also known as false or wild flax, German sesame, gold-of-pleasure, or linseed dodder, is an allohexaploid (2n = 40) oilseed crop within the Brassicaceae.
  • 914
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Magic Blue Light
The elongation of plant stems represents a crucial growth trait in horticultural plant production, owing to its potential impact on plant development and yield. It is a prevailing scientific belief that blue light (BL; 400–500 nm) generally causes plant compactness. However, increasing studies on LED lighting has indicated that  BL does not necessarily cause compact plants and can even result in stretching of plants. After discovery of this phenomenon, the researchers from University of Guelph have carried out a series of studies to explore the relevant mechanisms and applications. By synthesizing the findings from their lab and other groups, the researchers proposed a simple model to explain the mechanisms involved in blue-LED-promoted plant elongation, and summarized the potential ways to apply blue LEDs in plant production in controlled environments.
  • 913
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Vacuolar Processing Enzymes in Plant Programmed Cell Death
Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs), which can also be named asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs), legumains, or colloquially, plant caspases, as they perform caspase-1-like/YVADase activity, are widespread in the plant kingdom. Their occurrence has been found in lower and higher plants. VPEs are plant cysteine proteases that are subjected to autoactivation in an acidic pH. It is presumed that VPEs, by activating other vacuolar hydrolases, are in control of tonoplast rupture during programmed cell death (PCD). Involvement of VPEs has been indicated in various types of plant PCD related to development, senescence, and environmental stress responses. 
  • 911
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Eysenhardtia genus
The participation of natural products in health care has been remarkable, and today they continue to play a key role in the discovery and development of new treatments. Phytochemical studies together with pharmacological tests have managed to integrate bioactive agents as an alternative solution to reduce or regulate the problems caused by diseases. The Eysenhardtia genus is a family of plants that are rich in secondary metabolites, which have shown potential activity in the control and mitigation of urinary disorders, diabetes, oxidative stress, protein glycosylation, microbial infections, inflammation, pain or discomfort, muscle contractions, cytotoxicity, or as a cellular or neuronal signaling modulator. These conditions generally appear in comorbid diseases, which motivated the bibliographic review associated with the plant. This document presents the beneficial actions produced by Eysenhardtia extracts and/or bioactives to inhibit, control, or reduce the complications or discomfort of degenerative diseases and thus generate new therapeutic alternatives.
  • 909
  • 08 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Quinoa Yield in Nitrogen-Deficient Soils in Bolivian Altiplano
Quinoa is a strategic crop due to its high N content and its adaptability to adverse conditions, where most of the soils are deficient of nitrogen (N).
  • 908
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Frost Tolerance in Triticeae
Two major loci determining the resulting frost tolerance were identified on the long arm of group 5 chromosomes including Vrn1/Fr1 locus encoding the major vernalisation gene VRN1 induced by vernalisation fulfilment and Fr2 locus encoding a cluster of cold-inducible CBF transcription regulators upstream of COR/LEA genes.
  • 906
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Rosemary-Derived Drugs and Bioactive Compounds: A Patent Review
Medicinal plants are widely employed in the treatment of human and animal diseases all over the world. Based on their ethnopharmacological uses and applications, the majority of medications are developed from isolated compounds of medicinal plants. Rosemary, one of these medicinal plants, is utilized in medicine due to its analgesic and antibacterial properties. Additionally, it serves as an antioxidant, carminative, and analgesic for muscles and joints, and is employed for the treatment of minor wounds, rashes, headaches, and circulation problems. Furthermore, an ethanolic extract of rosemary has been shown to have antidiabetic activity. Regarding other health pathologies, rosemary has revealed its protective action against types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  • 905
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement
A fascinating GE tool CRISPR/Cas9 was identified for targeted genome manipulations and to express desired genes in numerous organisms. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as the most powerful tool for GE in many species including plants. The latest ground-breaking technology of CRISPR/Cas9 is basically present as an adaptive immune system of type II prokaryotes and protects them against invading organisms during phage infection by spacer acquisition, biogenesis, and target degradation. The toolbox of CRISPR/Cas9 was adapted from bacteria as well as Archaea and in included in the toolbox of engineered nucleases. There are two main components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system: a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that identifies a specific DNA sequence and the Cas9 protein which produces DSBs at a targeted site. 
  • 904
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Phytohormones in Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium wilt disease is one of the major diseases causing a decline in watermelon yield and quality. Researches have informed that phytohormones play essential roles in regulating plants growth, development, and stress defendants. However, the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in resistance to watermelon Fusarium wilt remains unknown. In this experiment, we established the SA, JA, and ABA determination system in watermelon roots, and analyzed their roles in against watermelon Fusarium wilt compared to the resistant and susceptible varieties using transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that the up-regulated expression of Cla97C09G174770, Cla97C05G089520, Cla97C05G081210, Cla97C04G071000, and Cla97C10G198890 genes in resistant variety were key factors against (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum) FON infection at 7 dpi. Additionally, there might be crosstalk between SA, JA, and ABA, caused by those differentially expressed (non-pathogen-related) NPRs, (Jasmonate-resistant) JAR, and (Pyrabactin resistance 1-like) PYLs genes, to trigger the plant immune system against FON infection. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for watermelon resistance breeding, in which phytohormones participate.
  • 903
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat Plants
Wheat represents one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and its genetic improvement is fundamental to meeting the global demand of the growing population. Genetic engineering strategies such as transgenesis and genome editing have then provided the opportunity to improve environmental tolerance traits of agronomic importance in cultivated species. Many of the obtained transgenic wheat lines carried better tolerance to environmental cues. Examples of the most relevant transgenic approaches aimed at improving the tolerance of wheat to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures are reported.
  • 903
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Plant Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Its Interactors
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is arguably the best-known plant complex of the Polycomb Group (PcG) pathway, formed by a group of proteins that epigenetically represses gene expression. PRC2-mediated deposition of H3K27me3 has amply been studied in Arabidopsis and, more recently, data from other plant model species has also been published, allowing for an increasing knowledge of PRC2 activities and target genes. How PRC2 molecular functions are regulated and how PRC2 is recruited to discrete chromatin regions are questions that have brought more attention in recent years. A mechanism to modulate PRC2-mediated activity is through its interaction with other protein partners or accessory proteins. Current evidence for PRC2 interactors has demonstrated the complexity of its protein network and how far people are from fully understanding the impact of these interactions on the activities of PRC2 core subunits and on the formation of new PRC2 versions.
  • 902
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Application of Copper-Based Antimicrobial Compounds
Copper-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs) can control a wide range of plant diseases, such as grape downy mildew, citrus black spot, fire blight of pome fruits, walnut blight, potato late blight, stone fruit canker, coffee berry disease, olive leaf spot, and powdery mildew of many other crops. At present, not considering metal contaminants, CBACs are still at the forefront as the main pesticides sold in Europe.
  • 902
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (prickly pear) is a plant that grows wild in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, being a food source for ones and a potential for others, but not properly valued.
  • 901
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. 
  • 900
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
NO Signaling/ROS during Abiotic Stresses
With the rapidly growing human population and changing global climate conditions, it is critical to prevent global crop losses to meet the increasing demand for food and other crop products. The reactive gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) is involved in numerous plant developmental processes as well as plant responses to various abiotic stresses through its interactions with various molecules. Together, these interactions lead to the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline and glutathione biosynthesis, post-translational modifications such as S-nitrosylation, and modulation of gene and protein expression. Exogenous application of various NO donors positively mitigates the negative effects of various abiotic stressors. 
  • 899
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Exertion of Environmental DNA in Terrestrial Ecosystems
The dearth of cardinal data on species presence, dispersion, abundance, and habitat prerequisites, besides the threats impeded by escalating human pressure has enormously affected biodiversity conservation. The innovative concept of eDNA, has been introduced as a way of overcoming many of the difficulties of rigorous conventional investigations, and is hence becoming a prominent and novel method for assessing biodiversity. The demand for eDNA in ecology and conservation has expanded exceedingly, despite the lack of coordinated development in appreciation of its strengths and limitations. Therefore it is pertinent and indispensable to evaluate the extent and significance of eDNA-based investigations in terrestrial habitats and to classify and recognize the critical considerations that need to be accounted before using such an approach. 
  • 899
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Sprouts and Microgreens
Sprouts and microgreens can be produced quickly, easily, and cost-effectively due to simple requirements for equipment and supplies, and a rapid developmental process varying from a few days (sprouts) to approximately two weeks (microgreens). This, in turn, suggests a unique opportunity for industrial scalability coupled with the prospect for consumers to independently access food with proven or purported nutritional benefits. Sprouts and microgreens have attracted tremendous interest across multiple disciplines in recent years. 
  • 898
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacological Properties of Gentiopicroside In Vivo
Gentiopicroside (GPS) is a leading component of several plant species from the Gentianaceae botanical family. As a compound with plenty of biological activities and a component of herbal drugs, GPS has an important role in the regulation of physiological processes in humans. The results of recently published scientific studies underline a meaningful role of this molecule as an active factor in metabolic pathways and mechanisms, which may have an influence in the treatment of different diseases, including digestive tract disorders, malignant changes, neurological disorders, microbial infections, bone formation disorders, inflammatory conditions, and others.
  • 897
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Applications of CRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems in Plant Sciences
RNA-guided genomic transcriptional regulation tools, namely clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa), are a powerful technology for gene functional studies. Deriving from the CRISPR/Cas9 system, both systems consist of a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9), a transcriptional effector and a single guide RNA (sgRNA). This type of dCas9 is incapable to cleave DNA but retains its ability to specifically bind to DNA. The binding of the dCas9/sgRNA complex to a target gene results in transcriptional interference.
  • 896
  • 22 Oct 2021
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