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Topic Review
Sodium-Vanadium Bronze Na9V14O35
Na9V14O35 (η-NaxV2O5) has been synthesized by a solid-state route in an evacuated sealed silica tube and tested as electroactive material for Na half-cells. Being charged to 4.6 V vs. Na+/Na, almost 3 Na can be extracted per Na9V14O35 formula unit, resulting in a charge capacity of about 60 mAh g−1. Upon discharge below 1 V, Na9V14O35 uptakes Na up to the Na:V = 1:1 atomic ratio that is accompanied by a drastic increase of the separation between the layers of the VO4 tetrahedra and VO5 tetragonal pyramids, and a volume increase of about 31%. The induced structure instability triggers a transformation of the ordered layered Na9V14O35 structure into a rock-salt type disordered structure. Ultimately, the amorphous products of a conversion reaction are formed at 0.1 V, delivering the discharge capacity up to 490 mAh g−1, which, however, quickly fades with the number of charge-discharge cycles.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Metal-Based Chemotherapeutic Treatments
Herein we provides an overview of the various research approaches we have explored in recent years to improve metal-based agents for cancer or infection treatments. Although cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin remain the cornerstones in tumor chemotherapy, the discovery and approval of novel inorganic anticancer drugs is a very slow process. Analogously, although a few promising inorganic drugs have found clinical application against parasitic or bacterial infections, their use remains relatively limited. Moreover, the discovery process is often affected by small therapeutic enhancements that are not attractive for the pharmaceutical industry. However, the availability of increasing mechanistic information for the modes of action of established inorganic drugs is fueling the exploration of various approaches for developing effective inorganic chemotherapy agents. Through a series of examples, some from our own research experience, we focus our attention on a number of promising strategies, including (1) drug repurposing, (2) the simple modification of the chemical structures of approved metal-based drugs, (3) testing novel drug combinations, and (4) newly synthesized complexes coupling different anticancer drugs. Accordingly, we aim to suggest and summarize a series of reliable approaches that are exploitable for the development of improved and innovative treatments.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
NGF Peptides Bind Copper(II)
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein essential to neurons survival, which interacts with its receptor as a non-covalent dimer. Copper affects biological activity of NGF and conversely NGF may regulates copper trafficking in synaptic cleft.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
X-ray and Nuclear Spectroscopies for Non-Gadolinium MRI Agents
Nanoparticulated manganese cyanoferrate (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]) and its analogs are non-toxic complexes and prime candidates for the next generation non-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents. L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (L-XAS) and 57Fe specific nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) can be combined as a modern spectroscopic method to evaluate the element specific and isotope specific information about the oxidation states, electronic spin states and the coordination environments for the metals inside these complexes.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Organogermanium Analogues
One of the most fundamental topics in modern organogermanium chemistry is the study of low-coordinate species, and within this realm, the field of multiply bonded compounds is now one of the mainstreams. It therefore comes as no surprise that the literature covering the latter field is vast. Heteronuclear multiply bonded combinations of germanium with the Main Group elements of groups 13, 15, and 16, >Ge=E13–, >Ge=E15–, and >Ge=E16, respectively, are excluded from the consideration. Moreover, numerous compounds, in which the low-coordinate Ge center is intramolecularly (by n-donor substituents) or intermolecularly (through external donor ligands) coordinated, thus experiencing remarkable electronic perturbation, are also not considered, except for silagermenylidenes >Si=Ge(NHC): and digermanium(0) complexes :Ge0(NHC/or NHSi)=Ge0(NHC/or NHSi):, which otherwise cannot be stabilized for their isolation.
  • 976
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Oxonium Derivatives of nido-Carborane
Recent decades have demonstrated a growing interest in the chemistry of 7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborante anion (nido-carborane) due to the wide possibilities of its application from medicine to catalysis. One of the main approaches to the modification of nido-carborane cluster is the ring-opening reactions of its cyclic oxonium derivatives with various nucleophiles, which opens practically unlimited prospects for the incorporation of nido-carborane into various macro- and biomolecules.
  • 971
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Salt's Thermophysical Parameters and Thermal Energy Storage Costs
Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MNH) has the appropriate phase transition temperature for use in solar thermal energy storage. Understanding the thermophysical parameters of the substances, supported by the results of experimental studies in solar installations, may prove helpful for the environmental assessment of these substances.
  • 966
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Marie Curie
Marie Curie, born Maria Salomea Skłodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, was a pioneering physicist and chemist best known for her research on radioactivity—a term she coined. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to receive Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields: Physics and Chemistry. Curie’s revolutionary work in isolating radioactive elements and understanding their properties fundamentally changed the trajectory of modern science and medicine.
  • 923
  • 01 Aug 2025
Topic Review
Au-Containing Cuprates
High pressure applications is strongly required for the synthesis of these materials because it is only way to stabilize gold oxides which are thermally very unstable at ambient pressures.
  • 922
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Homotrimeric P2X7 Receptor Imaging Tracers
The homotrimeric P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is expressed by virtually all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and plays a crucial role in various pathophysiological processes such as autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, neuropathic pain and cancer. Consequently, the P2X7R is considered a promising target for therapy and diagnosis. As the development of tracers comes hand-in-hand with the development of potent and selective receptor ligands, there is a rising number of PET tracers available in preclinical and clinical studies. P2X7R antagonists can be broadly subdivided into two categories: those able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the central nervous system, or those remaining peripherally. Commonly linked central nervous system (CNS) P2X7R applications are diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) or multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as the formation of different types of cancer, i.e., glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). On the other hand, peripherally bioavailable P2X7R antagonists that are not BBB-permeable are attractive candidates for the treatment/diagnosis of lung and breast cancer.
  • 906
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Vanadium in Live Aspects
In Earth’s regions accessible for living organisms (Earth’s crust, crude oil, water sanctuaries and lower atmosphere), vanadium is present in the oxidation states +III and—essentially—+IV (cationic) and +V (cationic and anionic), with the redox interchange and biochemical recycling often monitored by bacteria. Organisms having available vanadium-containing (bio)molecules with essential functions for life include marine brown algae (haloperoxidases), ascidians and fan worms, as well as terrestrial organisms, viz., nitrogen-fixing bacteria (associated with the roots of legumes), and the fly agaric mushroom.
  • 819
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Au(III) Cyclometallated Compounds with 2-Arylpyridines
A large numbers of reports (>100) described molecules (>500) and single crystal X-ray structures (>200) indicated that the Au(III) compounds with 2-arylpyridines* and their derivatives or analogues are interesting from the chemical, spectroscopic, and structural viewpoints. The most popular Au(III)-2PPY* species are those with 2-phenylpyridine* and 2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridine*, while among Au(III)-2ArPY* molecules-those containing 2-benzylpyridine* ring system.
  • 818
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
LnBaCo2O5+δ
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent a breed of eco-friendly, weather-independent, decentralized power generation technologies, distinguished for their broad fuel versatility and superior electricity generation efficiency. 
  • 815
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pyranopterin-Dithiolene Contributions to Moco Enzyme Catalysis
The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterin dithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme-specific. However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine. This focused account aims to provide an overview of what has been learned from the study of pyranopterin dithiolene model complexes of molybdenum and how these results relate to the enzyme systems. 
  • 794
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Production of Scandium Radioisotopes
The concept of theranostics is based on the use of radioisotopes of the same or chemically similar elements to label biological ligands in a way that allows the use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation for a combined diagnosis and treatment regimen. For scandium, radioisotopes -43 and -44 can be used as diagnostic markers, while radioisotope scandium-47 can be used in the same configuration for targeted therapy.
  • 769
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Mechanism of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Retention
The extracellular class of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is an essential tool for clinical diagnosis and disease management. The differences observed in tissue gadolinium retention and deposition associated with GBCAs administration is the direct consequence of the differing thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of GBCAs. 
  • 761
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Medicinal  Application of Palladium Nanoparticles
Palladium (Pd), a noble metal, has unique properties for C-C bond formation in reactions such as the Suzuki and Heck reactions. Besides Pd-based complexes, Pd NPs have also attracted significant attention for applications such as fuel cells, hydrogen storage, and sensors for gases such as H2 and non-enzymatic glucose, including catalysis. Additionally, Pd NPs are catalysts in environmental treatment to abstract organic and heavy-metal pollutants such as Cr (VI) by converting them to Cr(III). In terms of biological activity, Pd NPs were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, where 99.99% of bacteria were destroyed, while PVP-Pd NPs displayed anticancer activity against human breast cancer MCF7.
  • 754
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Internal Modification and Structure Optimization of MOFs
Since the advent of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), researchers have paid extensive attention to MOFs due to their determined structural composition, controllable pore size, and diverse physical and chemical properties. Reasonable internal modification and structure optimization of MOFs may not only make the photosensitive units orderly, but also shorten the distance between the photosensitive units and the catalytic centers, so as to improve the efficiency of photogenerated electrons separation and accelerate the rate of hydrogen evolution.
  • 750
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Promising Electrode Materials in Micro-Supercapacitor Printing
The development of scientific and technological foundations for the creation of high-performance energy storage devices is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid development of microelectronics, including flexible and wearable microelectronics. Supercapacitors are indispensable devices for the power supply of systems requiring high power, high charging-discharging rates, cyclic stability, and long service life and a wide range of operating temperatures (from −40 to 70 °C). The use of printing technologies gives an opportunity to move the production of such devices to a new level due to the possibility of the automated formation of micro-supercapacitors (including flexible, stretchable, wearable) with the required type of geometric implementation, to reduce time and labour costs for their creation, and to expand the prospects of their commercialization and widespread use. 
  • 744
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Role of Water in B-Form DNA
DNA in the cell is rarely naked but normally protein-bound in nucleosomes. Of special interest is the DNA bound to other factors that control its key functions of transcription, replication, and repair. For these several transactions of DNA, the state of hydration plays an important role in its function, and therefore needs to be defined in as much detail as possible. High-resolution crystallography of short B-form duplexes shows that the mixed polar and apolar surface of the major groove binds water molecules over the broad polar floor of the groove in a sequence-dependent varied manner.
  • 726
  • 01 Jul 2022
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