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Topic Review
Ultrasound in Telemedicine
The term telemedicine was to describe the practice of delivering health care services through the use of information and communications technology, whereby geographic distance is not as constraining, as in the case of traditional medical practice. Telemedicine is not only used to exchange valid information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease and injuries and research and evaluation, but also for the continuing the education of healthcare providers to advance individual and community health.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Organ-Preserving Radiation Therapy in Gastric Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Gastric marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of the stomach is a rare cancer type, often primarily treated with oral proton pump inhibitors, especially in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-positive cases. However, the prevalence of Hp-unrelated gastric MZL has increased over the last two decades and 70-80% of Hp-negative gastric MZL are antibiotic-unresponsive. Radiation treatment can provide excellent local control in localized antibiotic-refractory gastric MZL.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
PET-Based Imaging in Atherosclerosis
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) represents a method of detecting and characterizing arterial wall inflammation, with potential applications in the early assessment of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. By portraying early-stage molecular changes, FDG-PET findings have previously been shown to correlate with atherosclerosis progression. In addition, recent studies have suggested that microcalcification revealed by 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) may be more sensitive at detecting atherogenic changes compared to FDG-PET.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning Models for Radiography in Chest Disease
Chest X-ray radiography (CXR) is among the most frequently used medical imaging modalities. It has a preeminent value in the detection of multiple life-threatening diseases. Radiologists can visually inspect CXR images for the presence of diseases. Most thoracic diseases have very similar patterns, which makes diagnosis prone to human error and leads to misdiagnosis. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) provided techniques to make this task more efficient and faster. Numerous experiments in the diagnosis of various diseases proved the potential of these techniques.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Radionuclide Development
In the field of radionuclide development, the continual changing of clinically used radionuclides, which is sometimes influenced by instrumentation technology but also driven by availability, patient safety and clinical questions. Some areas, such as tumour imaging, have faced challenges when changing radionuclides based on availability, when this produced undesirable clinical findings with the introduction of unclear focal uptakes and unspecific uptakes.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
CT Imaging Findings of Gastric Volvulus
Gastric volvulus (GV) is a life-threatening emergency condition that prompts emergent surgical management. Although many cases of GV have been described in the literature, its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Here, we provide imaging evidence supporting that the pathophysiology of many GVs is based on caudal re-descent of hiatal hernia into the abdominal cavity
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Imaging More than Skin-Deep
Systemic disorders often present with both cutaneous and radiologic findings. Some presenting skin lesions are disease-specific (e.g., shagreen patch in tuberous sclerosis); others signify internal organ involvement (e.g., erythema nodosum in sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or inflammatory bowel disease). Disease entities are broadly categorized into three areas: (1) autoimmune/inflammatory disorders and vasculitides, (2) genetic/congenital disorders, and (3) neoplasms.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Preoperative Planning for Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm
Surgical procedures on various artery aneurysms are difficult to perform and require careful preparation. We have developed a software platform, CardioCTNav, that can help in planning such procedures. The planning consists of a 3D rendering of the area of interest, virtual angiography, automated measurements, and virtual stent simulation.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is regarded as a sign of early metastasis in liver cancer and can be only diagnosed by a histopathology exam in the resected specimen. Preoperative prediction of MVI status may exert an effect on patient treatment management, for instance, to expand the resection margin.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Diagnostic Deceiver: Radiological Pictorial Review of Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a public health problem worldwide and one of the leading causes of mortality. Clinical manifestations and routine laboratory tests have limitations in directing physicians to diagnose TB. Medical imaging examinations play an essential role in detecting tissue abnormalities and suspecting diagnosis of TB. Radiologists and Physicians should be familiar with the radiological manifestations of TB to contribute to the early suspicion and diagnosis. This entry illustrates the common radiological patterns of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Spinal Metastasis Imaging
Spinal metastasis is the most common malignant disease of the spine, and its early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent complications and improve quality of life. The main clinical applications of AI techniques include image processing, diagnosis, decision support, treatment assistance and prognostic outcomes. In the realm of spinal oncology, artificial intelligence technologies have achieved relatively good performance and hold immense potential to aid clinicians, including enhancing work efficiency and reducing adverse events. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Coronary Computer Tomography Angiography
Among all non-invasive diagnostic methods employed in the work-up of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), coronary computer tomography angiography (CCTA) stands out as an excellent integrative tool that provides information regarding calcium burden, presence and degree of coronary stenosis, type of atherosclerotic plaques, and functional relevance of such plaques, all in one examination.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
NODDI for Multiple Sclerosis Imaging
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by widespread damage of the central nervous system that includes alterations in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and demyelinating white matter (WM) lesions. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) has been proposed to provide a precise characterisation of WM microstructures. NODDI maps can be calculated for the Neurite Density Index (NDI) and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI), which estimate orientation dispersion and neurite density. Although NODDI has not been widely applied in MS, this technique is promising in investigating the complexity of MS pathology, as it is more specific than diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in capturing microstructural alterations. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Review of Imaging Modalities
Invasive lobular cancer (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer. It is characterized by a unique growth pattern making it difficult to detect on conventional breast imaging. ILC can be multicentric, multifocal, and bilateral, with a high likelihood of incomplete excision after breast-conserving surgery. This is a review of conventional imaging modalities for detecting and determining the extent of ILC. Review of the literature finds that MRI and CEM surpass conventional breast imaging in terms of sensitivity, specificity, ipsilateral and contralateral cancer detection, concordance, and estimation of tumor size for ILC. Both MRI and CEM have also each been shown to enhance surgical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed ILC that had one of these imaging modalities added to their preoperative workup.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia
COVID-19 pneumonia represents a maximum medical challenge due to the virus’s high contagiousness, morbidity, and mortality and the still limited possibilities of the health systems. The differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is challenging because there may be standard radiologic features such as ground-glass opacities, crazy paving patterns, and consolidations. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to define a correct final diagnosis, as an overlap of COVID-19 pneumonia with pre-existing lung diseases is often possible and suggests possible differential diagnoses.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Molecular Imaging for Atherosclerotic Plaque
Atherosclerosis is a well-known disease leading to cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These conditions lead to a high mortality rate, which explains the interest in their prevention, early detection, and treatment. Molecular imaging is able to shed light on the basic pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, that cause the progression and instability of plaque.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Role of Functional MRI in Liver SBRT
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly important in the planning and delivery of radiation therapy of liver cancers. While most commonly utilised for anatomical detail, the utility of functional MRI for the development of personalised treatment approaches is an emerging area of research. 
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
The PRRT (Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy) is a promising modality treatment for patients with inoperable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients are favorably comparable with standard therapies. The protagonist in this type of therapy is a somatostatin-modified peptide fragment ([Tyr3] octreotide), equipped with a specific chelating system (DOTA) capable of creating a stable bond with β-emitting radionuclides, such as yttrium-90 and lutetium-177.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment
Radiotherapy (RT) is used worldwide as a gold standard treatment approach for cancer management. The RT treatment modality contains limitations along with numerous side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties that can be utilized in the field of cancer treatment. Therefore, the combination of NPs with RT opens a new arena in cancer treatment. Their synergistic effect strengthens ionizing radiation sensitivity and allows for tumor-selective treatment while reducing side effects.
  • 994
  • 10 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for a great majority of liver cancer diagnoses and deaths. Imaging plays, therefore, a crucial role in the surveillance of patients at risk, the detection and diagnosis of HCC nodules, as well as in the follow-up post-treatment. The unique imaging characteristics of HCC lesions, deriving mainly from the assessment of their vascularity on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), allow for a more accurate, noninvasive diagnosis and staging.
  • 993
  • 21 Feb 2023
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