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Topic Review
Application of the IoT in Disaster Risk Management
Taiwan is in a hazard-exposed area where people often suffer through typhoons, earthquakes, and landslides, and must face the challenges of environmental and climate changes in ongoing and future developments. Taiwan has implemented an integrated and interdisciplinary project, which is titled Civil IoT Taiwan, for better disaster risk management and risk communication with all stakeholders by cooperating closely with authorities, scientists, and industry. 
  • 2.8K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mass Timber Constructions and Recycling Potential
The recycling potential (RP) indicates the ability of building materials to form a closed-loop material flow, that is, the material efficiency during its whole life cycle. Mass timber constructions and concrete buildings vary widely in RP, but the differences are difficult to calculate. 
  • 2.8K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Pectin-Based Material for Applications in Water Treatment
Climate change and water are inseparably connected. Extreme weather events cause water to become more scarce, polluted, and erratic than ever. Pectin is a biodegradable polymer, extractable from vegetables, and contains several hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that can easily interact with the contaminant ions. In addition, pectin-based materials can be prepared in different forms (films, hydrogels, or beads) and cross-linked with several agents to change their molecular structure. Consequently, the pectin-based adsorbents can be tuned to remove diverse pollutants such as divalent metals. 
  • 2.6K
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Concept of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the key challenges of environmental, economic and social importance. It is a global problem regardless of economic development level and political orientation, and also applies to a country such as Belarus. 
  • 2.6K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Prosopis Species in South Africa
The infestation of invasive plants such as Prosopis species does not only affect the groundwater levels but also threatens the grazing capacity and species richness of most of the semi-arid areas around South Africa. Though Prosopis is invasive, it is however of good nutritive value and can serve as an alternative source of protein and minerals for livestock during the dry season. Bush encroachment by browsable invasive species can be controlled through biological methods by using organisms such as livestock. 
  • 2.6K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Fique Plant in Colombia
The fique plant (Furcraea Vent.) forms part of a group of xerophytic monocotyledonous species. It belongs to the Asparagaceae family, the Agavoidea subfamily, and is native to the Andean region of South America.
  • 2.6K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomethanation Facilities in Europe
In line with the long-term strategy of the European Union to become climate-neutral, the energy storage challenge that is induced by volatile renewable electricity production (e.g., with rapidly growing photovoltaic capacities) must be handled. The power-to-methane technology is promising for long-term, high-capacity energy storage. Currently, there are two different industrial-scale methanation methods: the chemical one (based on the Sabatier reaction) and the biological one (using microorganisms for the conversion). The second method can be used not only to methanize the mixture of pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide but also to methanize the hydrogen and carbon dioxide content of low-quality gases, such as biogas or deponia gas, enriching them to natural gas quality; therefore, the applicability of biomethanation is very wide.
  • 2.6K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Minimum Energy Performance Standards in Colombia
The minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) has become a mandatory government document to evaluate the energy efficiency of different equipment and thus limit the minimum energy consumption in domestic, commercial, and industrial applications, guaranteeing end users are able to select more efficient equipment. In order to be compared with the Colombian panorama at the market, technical and political levels, some reference countries and their energy policies were consulted. This allows the establishment of common aspects and differences related to the determination of energy consumption, adjusted volume, and formalization of efficiency ranges, and in the specific case of domestic refrigeration in Colombia.
  • 2.6K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Eco-Innovation
Eco-innovation refers to “the production, assimilation or exploitation of a product, production process, service or management or business method that is novel to the organization (developing or adopting it) and which results, throughout its life cycle, in a reduction of environmental risk, pollution and other negative impacts of resources use (including energy use) compared to relevant alternatives”. Eco-innovation has been used as a synonym for “environmental innovation”, “green innovation,” and “sustainable innovation” depending on the author and the outlet where the research is published.
  • 2.6K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Olive Oil Production Wastes
The production of high-quality olive oils implies the generation of vast quantities of solid residues and/or wastewaters that may have a great impact on terrestrial and aquatic environments because of their high phytotoxicity. Depending on the techniques used for olive oil production, namely, on the type of horizontal centrifugation (two-phase or three-phase), the process most adopted to separate olive oil from olive paste obtained after malaxation, different by-products are obtained.
  • 2.6K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Main Raw Materials from Pineapple Biomass
Pineapple is a highly demanded fruit in international markets due to its unique appearance and flavor, high fiber content, vitamins, folic acid, and minerals. It makes pineapple production and processing a significant source of income for producing countries. The lignocellulosic biomass obtained from pineapple agro-industrial residues is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; a compilation of information for these three compounds is presented below, with a specific focus on treatments and pretreatments that can be employed to obtain and purify them, as well as the most common applications of each.
  • 2.6K
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Shellac and Its Potential in the Packaging Application
Shellac, an insect-derived material, has received the least attention due to its scarcity in south Asia. Currently, Shellac is used in various applications, such as furniture polish, glazing agent for candies and pharmaceutical pills, coating on fruits to increase shelf life, primers, smart sensor, 3D printing, and green electronic. However, the limitations of Shellac such as: brittleness with time, self-esterification, low transparency, solubility in alkaline medium and in most organic solvents have limited its usage in the packaging application. Many of these problems can be improved by physical blending or chemical reaction with other materials to make Shellac more durable, impede self-esterification, and facilitate the film-forming ability, which suggests the potential usage of Shellac in packaging applications.
  • 2.6K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Benefits of Green Building Implementation
A green building is often defined as an energy-saving building, ecological building or sustainable building. Green buildings have higher commercial value compared to traditional buildings, due to the perceived low carbon emissions, energy savings, and maximized economic benefits throughout the life cycle.
  • 2.6K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Voisin Rational Grazing and Its Four Principles
This entry briefly describes the need to promote sustainable agriculture, proposing Voisin Rational Grazing (VRG) as an alternative livestock production system as a way to address sustainability in all its dimensions. It describes the four VRG principles that allows this livestock production system to attain high productive standards while boosting social, cultural and environmental characteristics within the pastoral ecosystem.
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Sustainability Human Factors
Sustainability is the result of a complex combination of factors. Social, cultural and personal elements are key for the pursuit of a sustainable future. Beyond the existing, very broad program on sustainability studies, additional research should contribute to specify how those social and human factors affect sustainability indices. General beliefs, values, attitudes, habits, assumed lifestyles or even meaning systems projecting purpose on one’s own life have an impact on sustainability as well. Our aim in this paper is to describe these factors, which we group under the label of ‘sustainability human factors’. This task requires a multidisciplinary effort involving anthropology, psychology and social sciences, covering cognitive, emotional or cultural dimensions. First, we set the stage describing the expected network of features and traits that could describe the human factor. Second, we propose a model which can help to assess it through multiple scales and surveying instruments. These instruments can provide valuable data that could expand the current indices. It is important to connect our program with the ongoing research in this field and to develop a broad model that highlights the human factor and its central role when planning for a sustainable future.
  • 2.5K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Analysis Method of Heavy Metals in Organic Fertilizers
Heavy metals in organic fertilizers pose a risk to the agricultural ecosystem. The environmental risk of heavy metals depends not only on the total amount but also on the speciation. Hence, more information on heavy metals speciation in organic fertilizers is needed to avoid adverse effect. The speciation information of heavy metals is usually obtained by the single-extraction method and sequential extraction method. Common heavy metals that have received attention include Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As. 
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Waste to Energy Conversion Processes
Sustainable biofuel production is the most effective way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels while preserving food security and land use. The most common methods of converting organic waste into energy are biochemical methods such as anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The use of bioelectrochemical technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microbial electrochemical cells to handle organic waste have been proposed as a solution pathway to energy decarbonization.
  • 2.5K
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Advanced Energy Management System of Campus Microgrids
Distributed generation connected with AC, DC, or hybrid loads and energy storage systems is known as a microgrid. Campus microgrids are an important load type. A university campus microgrids, usually, contains distributed generation resources, energy storage, and electric vehicles. 
  • 2.5K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Beijing
An intelligent garbage sorting system (IGSS) is an effective sorting approach for MSW management. To explore the predictors of local residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the IGSS, this entry applied an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by adding an antecedent environmental concern (EC) prior to the main predictors of the TPB model (attitudes, subject norms, perceived behavioral control). 
  • 2.5K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Employee Ecological Behaviour (EEB)
Employee green behaviour involves two aspects: task-related green behaviour implemented within employee responsibilities and proactive green behaviour implemented beyond employee responsibilities as stated by the autonomous standards of behaviour (organisational requirements and individual requirements self-determination). Task-related green behaviour denotes the green behaviour performed by employees when completing the core tasks demanded by organisations (e.g., environmental protection responsibilities stipulated in performing duties, compliance to environmental standards, and others). Discretionary and environmentally-friendly behaviour not clearly acknowledged by the formal reward system is known as proactive green behaviour. Organisations encourage EEB to ensure the environmental management system is successfully implemented, and environmental performance achievement increases
  • 2.4K
  • 13 Sep 2021
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