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Topic Review
Obesity and Selected Allergic and Immunological Diseases
Obesity is a global problem. It affects every age group and is associated with many negative health effects. As an example, there is a relationship between obesity and allergic and immunological diseases, such as asthma, psoriasis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Obesity undeniably affects their development.
  • 591
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Agricultural Intensification on Mediterranean Diets
Mediterranean diets (MedDiets) are linked to substantial health benefits. However, there is also growing evidence that the intensification of food production over the last 60 years has resulted in nutritionally relevant changes in the composition of foods that may augment the health benefits of MedDiets. 
  • 591
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
Despite their beneficial effects, the effects of vitamin supplementation on RA activity, if any, seem to be limited. Evidence on their efficacy on SpA or PsA activity is lacking. However, folic acid supplementation should be suggested to prevent methotrexate-related side effects, and vitamin D should be given to patients with vitamin D deficiency to prevent musculo-skeletal complications.
  • 590
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Superfoods for Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting an estimated 537 million individuals worldwide. ‘Superfoods’ can be integrated into the diet of T2DM patients due to their health benefits.
  • 589
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Oral Mucositis in Secondary to Radiotherapeutic/Chemotherapeutic Treatments
Oral mucositis is one of the most disabling adverse events after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and clinical guidelines do not take into account nutritional interventions. The primary endpoint was to gather the evidence about the efficacy of nutritional interventions in the prevention and/or treatment of antineoplastic-induced oral mucositis in oncological patients.
  • 587
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Dysfunctional Adipocyte Secretome
The dysfunctional adipocyte secretome is characterized by the abnormal release of adipokines, which causes detrimental effects on cellular metabolism and proliferation, energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. 
  • 585
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
CGRP Antagonism and Ketogenic Diet in Migraine Treatment
Migraine must not be confused with a simple headache; it is a serious and disabling disease that causes considerable limitations in the daily life of afflicted people, including social, work, and emotional effects. Therefore, it causes a daily state of suffering and discomfort. It is important to point out that this pathology not only has a decisive impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it but also on their families and, more generally, on society as a whole. The clinical picture of migraine is complex, with debilitating unilateral or bilateral head pain, and is often associated with characteristic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Hormonal, environmental, psychological, dietary, or other factors can trigger it. 
  • 584
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Potential Anti-H1N1 Effects of Phenolic Compounds from Salicornia
The saltwater-tolerant plants in the Salicornia genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the Salicornia genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. 
  • 583
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Inflammation in Obesity
Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
  • 580
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 Axis in Sarcopenia
The high prevalence of sarcopenia in an aging population has an underestimated impact on quality of life by increasing the risk of falls and subsequent hospitalization. Unfortunately, the application of the major established key therapeutic—physical activity—is challenging in the immobile and injured sarcopenic patient. Consequently, novel therapeutic directions are needed. The transcription factor Forkhead-Box-Protein O3 (FOXO3) may be an option, as it and its targets have been observed to be more highly expressed in sarcopenic muscle.
  • 579
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options are limited. However, recent evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and gut–brain axis (GBA) dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. Alterations to the composition and diversity of microbial communities within the gut flora have been consistently observed in ALS patients. These changes are often correlated with disease progression and patient outcome, suggesting that GBA modulation may have therapeutic potential.
  • 579
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Damage
The cardiovascular system is a well-known target of antineoplastic treatments, including anthracyclines, chest radiotherapy and new molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Researchers investigated nutritional changes in children with cancer from the diagnosis to the end of treatment and dietary habits in cancer survivors. At diagnosis, children with cancer may present variable degrees of malnutrition, potentially affecting drug tolerability and prognosis. 
  • 574
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance in Pregnancy
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare inborn error of metabolism (IEM), classified as an inherited aminoaciduria, caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene, leading to a defective cationic amino acid transport. The metabolic adaptations to the demands of pregnancy and delivery cause significant physiological stress, so those patients affected by IEM are at greater risk of decompensation.
  • 568
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Serum 25(OH)D and Cognition
Vitamin D, also referred to as serum 25(OH)D, reflects a group of fat-soluble steroids best known for increasing the intestinal absorption of minerals, specifically calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. The impact of serum 25(OH)D on skeletal diseases, such as rickets, has been well documented. There is growing appreciation for the role of vitamin D in cognition and potentially Alzheimer’s disease.
  • 566
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Algae-Derived Natural Products in Diabetes and Its Complications
Algae-derived natural products have emerged as promising candidates for the management of diabetes and its complications. The diverse chemical constituents and multifaceted pharmacological activities of algae make them attractive sources of bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic properties.
  • 562
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Iron and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Dietary iron assimilation is critical for health and essential to prevent iron-deficient states and related comorbidities, such as anemia. The bioavailability of iron is generally low, while its absorption and metabolism are tightly controlled to satisfy metabolic needs and prevent toxicity of excessive iron accumulation. Iron entry into the bloodstream is limited by hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone. Hepcidin deficiency due to loss-of-function mutations in upstream gene regulators causes hereditary hemochromatosis, an endocrine disorder of iron overload characterized by chronic hyperabsorption of dietary iron, with deleterious clinical complications if untreated. Epidemiological data suggest that high intake of heme iron, which is abundant in meat products, poses a risk factor for several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases.
  • 561
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Postprandial Gut Hormones
Gut-derived hormones have been suggested to play a role in bone homeostasis following food intake, although the associations are highly complex and not fully understood. In a randomized, two-day cross-over study on 14 healthy individuals, we performed postprandial time-course studies to examine the associations of the bone remodeling markers carboxyl-terminal collagen type I crosslinks (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) with the gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) using two different meal types—a standardized mixed meal (498 kcal) or a granola bar (260 kcal). Plasma concentrations of total GIP, total GLP-1, total PYY, CTX, and P1NP were measured up to 240 min after meal intake, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for each marker was calculated. The iAUC of CTX and P1NP were used to assess associations with the iAUC of GIP, GLP-1, and PYY in linear mixed effect models adjusted for meal type. CTX was positively associated with GIP and GLP-1, and it was inversely associated with PYY (all p < 0.001). No associations of P1NP with GIP or GLP-1 and PYY were found. In conclusion, the postprandial responses of the gut hormones GIP, GLP-1, and PYY are associated with the bone resorption marker CTX, supporting a link between gut hormones and bone homeostasis following food intake.
  • 558
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Interplay between Osteoporosis and the Mediterranean Diet
Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) is disease that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis.
  • 523
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Precision Nutrition in Obesity Management
Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. 
  • 519
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Vegetal-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality today. Knowledge of its pathogenesis has made it possible to advance the development of different therapeutic strategies. However, the appearance of drug resistance constitutes one of the main causes of treatment failure. Bioactive compounds of vegetable origin are being studied as a new strategy to improve antitumor treatment, due to their ability to regulate the pathways involved in the development of carcinogenesis or processes that are decisive in its evolution, including multidrug resistance. In vitro and in vivo studies of these substances in combination with cytotoxic drugs have shown that they reduce resistance and increase therapeutic efficacy. 
  • 518
  • 02 Nov 2023
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