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Topic Review
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represents a group of evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit complexes that repress gene transcription by introducing trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). PRC2 activity is of key importance for cell identity specification and developmental phase transitions in animals and plants.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) Larvae and Fry
European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus Bloch) and Rhodeus meridionalis belong to the group of ostrakophilous fish. The embryonic and larval development of the fish in this reproductive group until the time of the yolk sac resorption takes place in the gill cavity of river mussels (Anodonta sp. or Unio sp.)
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) is distinguished by the utilization of at least four different primers which specifically recognize six distinct regions on the target nucleotide sequence.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Banded Palm Civet
The Banded Palm Civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) is a small carnivorous mammal native to Southeast Asia, known for its distinctive banded fur pattern. Belonging to the family Viverridae, this elusive nocturnal species is primarily arboreal, inhabiting tropical forests and plantations throughout its range. Despite its small size, the Banded Palm Civet plays an important ecological role as a predator of insects, small vertebrates, and fruits, contributing to ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity in its habitat.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Tick Immunobiology
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Probiotic Bacillus subtilis on Laying Hens
Bacillus subtilisis one of the three most common species of probiotic products in the U.S. and has been used widely as a functional feed supplement such as in several dairy and non-dairy fermented foods for improving human health and well-being. Similarly, Bacillus subtilis-based probiotics have been used as antibiotic growth promoter alternatives in poultry. Bacillus subtilis are spore-forming bacteria. They are heat stable, low pH-resistant (the gastric barrier), and tolerate multiple environmental stressors.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Soilless Systems
Soilless systems, such as hydroponics and aquaponics, are gaining popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional soil-based agriculture, aiming at maximizing plant productivity while minimizing resource use. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) have emerged as a promising solution to overcome these issues. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Azospirillum are the most extensively studied genera for their effectiveness as growth promoters, inducing changes in root architecture morphology. Furthermore, PGPM inoculation, either alone or in synergy, can reverse the effects of nutrient deficiency and salt stress. The genera Pseudomonas and Trichoderma were recognized for their solid antagonistic traits, which make them highly effective biocontrol agents in hydroponic systems. The findings indicate their ability to significantly reduce disease severity index (DSI) through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and induced systemic resistance. In aquaponic systems, the inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense demonstrated increased dissolved oxygen, improving water quality parameters and benefiting plant and fish growth and metabolism. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del.
The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities of the Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. (Cd) shrub were investigated considering the biological activity of its phytogenic compounds.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Micro/Baby-Greens and Mature Field Grown Vegetables
Micro/baby-greens are gaining popularity in human diets as functional foods that deliver superior nutritional values and health benefits to consumers. This study conducted multiple times between 2017 and 2019 under greenhouse conditions and in the field at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, showed that micro/baby-greens from tropical spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are rich in digestible carbohydrates, digestible protein, and dietary fiber. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Asphyxia in Newborn Canines
Morphological variability in canines is associated with the mother’s size and weight, which likely affects the birth weight of the puppies and their metabolic status. Identifying physio-metabolic alterations in the blood from the umbilical vein to evaluate the concentration of gases, glucose, lactate, calcium, hematocrit levels, and blood pH of newborn puppies will make it possible to determine the risk of complications due to intrauterine asphyxia.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Optical-sensors improve nitrogen utilization efficiency
       Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal crops grown around the world is low with an estimated value of 33%. This means that a considerable amount of nitrogen (N) is not recovered in the grain. As a result, several independent studies have been conducted to evaluate active optical sensors as an approach for N management. These studies reported benefits that range from N saving to higher NUE and sustaining grain yield in comparison to conventional methods of N management. This work reviewed and documented the extent to which the use of active optical sensors impacted winter wheat grain yield and NUE. In particular, the amount of N saved, NUE, and grain yield were reviewed and results presented by N management approach and region.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Genomic Selection for Wheat Quality
Selection for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality is often costly and time-consuming since it requires extensive phenotyping in the last phases of development of new lines and cultivars. The development of high-throughput genotyping in the last decade enabled reliable and rapid predictions of breeding values based only on marker information. Genomic selection (GS) is a method that enables the prediction of breeding values of individuals by simultaneously incorporating all available marker information into a model. The success of GS depends on the obtained prediction accuracy, which is influenced by various molecular, genetic, and phenotypic factors, as well as the factors of the selected statistical model.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Volatile Compounds in Pulses
The worldwide demand for pulse-based products is increasing in the face of climate change, but their acceptability is limited due to the presence of off-flavours. Off-notes contribute to negative perceptions of pulses (beany notes). Volatile compounds belong to a large variety of chemical classes. They are mainly produced from the oxidation of unsaturated free fatty acids and the degradation of amino acids during seed development, storage, and transformation (dehulling, milling, and starch or protein production).
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Giant Otter
The Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) stands as one of the largest and most charismatic members of the Mustelidae family, captivating observers with its sleek, streamlined physique and social behaviors. Endemic to the freshwater habitats of South America, particularly the Amazon Basin, this semi-aquatic carnivore is known for its intricate vocalizations and close-knit family groups. Despite facing threats from habitat loss, pollution, and illegal hunting, conservation efforts are underway to protect and preserve this iconic species and its vital role in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Remotely Piloted Aircraft in Agriculture
In this study, a sustainable perspective of the use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) or drone technology in the agriculture sector is discussed. For this purpose, the types of cameras (multispectral, thermal, and visible), sensors, software, and platforms frequently deployed for ensuring precision agriculture for crop monitoring, disease detection, or even yield estimation are briefly discoursed.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Biography
James Mapes
James Jay Mapes (May 29, 1806 – January 10, 1866) was an American chemist, inventor and educator, mostly known for his achievements in scientific agriculture.[1] Mapes was born in New York on May 29, 1806. His father, Jonas Mapes, was a major-general in command of the New York state forces in and around New York in the year 1812. Nearly all his ancestors on the father's side were farmers on
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ZnO Nanoparticles and Wheat and Maize
The zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) is a commonly used metal oxide ENPs finding application as sunscreens and cosmetics, biosensors, and in solar cells, etc. Presently, many kinds of metal oxide NPs have been applied in agriculture, specifically in fertilization and plant protection in abiotic and biotic stress conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Innate Immune Cells in the Chicken Intestine
The chicken intestinal epithelium is a monolayer consisting of various cell types. Intercellular junctional complexes, tight junctions, present between the intestinal epithelial cells maintain the gut barrier integrity. Tight junctions hold the intestinal epithelial cells together to prevent the entry of enteric pathogens and thus maintain gut homeostasis. In addition to the gut microbiota, also intestinal epithelial cells inhibit the entry of pathogens for example by producing a mucus layer. In addtion to this physical barreier, also soluble factors suc a antimicrobial compunds play a role in the defence against pathogens. When all these defense mechanism are not sufficient in protecting the host, the cells of the intestinal innate immune system are activated. Properties and function of these cells are the subject of this entry.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Abyssinian genet
The Abyssinian genet (Genetta abyssinica) is a carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Viverridae. Endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia, it is characterized by its sleek, spotted coat and long tail. This nocturnal creature plays a vital role in local ecosystems as an efficient hunter of small vertebrates and insects.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mannose-Binding Lectin on Bacterial-Infected Chickens
Chickens possess mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which could be vital in managing pathogenic bacteria in chickens. MBL is one of the soluble proteins secreted by the chicken’s innate immune system which can be activated when chickens are exposed to chicken-related diseases. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2021
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