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Topic Review
Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy
Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is one of the most useful methods for diagnosing small bowel lesions. When a pill-like capsule endoscope is swallowed, the camera of the capsule endoscope captures the small bowel mucosa. Although it is a noninvasive endoscopy, it has the disadvantage of long reading time. To solve this problem, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for SBCE reading are being actively studied. The main goal is to quickly and accurately detect small bowel lesions using an AI algorithm trained on images of lesions. This content briefly summarizes the use of AI algorithms for SBCE reading.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
DC-DC Converter Topologies for LEV Charging
Design and analysis of power electronic converters is an integral aspect of light electric vehicle (LEV) chargers. In this respect, researchers have proposed novel DC-DC converter topologies with optimized active and passive component count. Isolated DC-DC converters are preferred for chargers with higher power ratings. They provide galvanic isolation between the input and output stage by using a high frequency transformer.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
Concern about environmental problems, including the greenhouse effect, directly related to the gases produced by vehicles, has led governments and various organizations to promote standards on fuel use and gas emissions.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Smart Distribution Networks Resilience Quantification
The introduction of pervasive telecommunication devices, in the scope of smart grids (SGs), has accentuated interest in the distribution network, which integrates a huge portion of new grid applications. High impact low probability (HILP) events, such as natural hazards, manmade errors, and cyber-attacks, as well as the inherent fragility of the distribution grid have propelled the development of effective resilience tools and methods for the power distribution network (PDN) to avoid catastrophic infrastructural and economical losses.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
All-Dielectric Metasurface for Sensing Microcystin-LR
Microcystin is a kind of biotoxin widely found in freshwater bodies across the world. It is one of the indicators of water eutrophication which makes water consumption harmful to human beings. Microcystin can inhibit the production of protein phosphatase in cells and exposure to microcystin can severely damage organs, including liver, intestines, lungs, and kidneys. There are many variants of microcystin, such as MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR (L, R, and Y stand for leucine, arginine, and tyrosine, respectively). Among them, MC-LR is the most common and the most toxic variant. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Mobile Energy Storage for Enhancing Power Grid Resilience
Natural disasters can lead to large-scale power outages, affecting critical infrastructure and causing social and economic damages. These events are exacerbated by climate change, which increases their frequency and magnitude. Improving power grid resilience can help mitigate the damages caused by these events. Mobile energy storage systems, classified as truck-mounted or towable battery storage systems, have been considered to enhance distribution grid resilience by providing localized support to critical loads during an outage. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Underwater Mines Detection by Sonar Signals
Underwater mines are considered a major threat to aquatic life, submarines, and naval activities. Detecting and locating these mines is a challenging task, due to the nature of the underwater environment. The deployment of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN) can provide an efficient solution to this problem. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Microfabricated Gas Sensors
In recent years, advancements in micromachining techniques and nanomaterials have enabled the fabrication of highly sensitive devices for the detection of odorous species. Recent efforts done in the miniaturization of gas sensors have contributed to obtain increasingly compact and portable devices. Besides, the implementation of new nanomaterials in the active layer of these devices is helping to optimize their performance and increase their sensitivity close to humans' olfactory system. Nonetheless, a common concern of general-purpose gas sensors is their lack of selectivity towards multiple analytes. In recent years, advancements in microfabrication techniques and microfluidics have contributed to create new microanalytical tools, which represent a very good alternative to conventional analytical devices and sensor-array systems for the selective detection of odors.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Plug-in Electric Vehicles Review
Plug-in electric vehicles refer to vehicles that are powered by electricity from off-vehicle sources or can be self-contained with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft, and electric spacecraft. The literature covering Plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs) contains many charging/discharging strategies. However, none of the review papers covers such strategies in a complete fashion where all patterns of EVs charging/discharging are identified.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing in various sectors of photovoltaic (PV) systems, due to the increasing computational power, tools and data generation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Distribution Network Planning with DPG and ESS
Distributed Power Generation and Energy Storage Systems (DPG-ESSs) are crucial to securing a local energy source. Both entities could enhance the operation of Smart Grids (SGs) by reducing Power Loss (PL), maintaining the voltage profile, and increasing Renewable Energy (RE) as a clean alternative to fossil fuel. However, determining the optimum size and location of different methodologies of DPG-ESS in the SG is essential to obtaining the most benefits and avoiding any negative impacts such as Quality of Power (QoP) and voltage fluctuation issues.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency of Induction Motor Drives
Despite activities to introduce low-carbon energy sources worldwide, the share of conventional facilities burning organic fuels remains high. One approach to address this problem is to look for solutions to reduce energy consumption. There are various research projects in the area of energy efficiency that lead to diverse results—such as models, methodologies, new data and theories. On the other hand, induction motor drives are becoming a major consumer of electric power because of their wide range of applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
LOCAD
The Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development (LOCAD) element is a set of related lab-on-a-chip projects at NASA. The projects develop integrated lab-on-a-chip products in three areas related to space exploration: Environmental Control and Life Systems Support (ECLSS), Medical Systems, and Remote Exploration. NASA conducts activities related to these projects both at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Development of the Generation of Solar Cells
Solar energy is of prime importance in all renewable energy sources as the Sun shines at the Earth for 8 to 10 h on average. Thus, heat can be harnessed to generate electricity, but solar cells are not substantially efficient because the materials used in them are quite costly and waste a considerable amount of energy, mostly as heat, which subsequently reduces the efficiency of the cell and increases the overall price as well. These challenges can be dealt with by designing more efficient, economical systems of storage and manufacturing PV cells with high efficacy. Scientists and engineers are more inclined toward advanced technologies and material manipulation to enhance the efficiency of solar energy and reduce its cost.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
UAVs toward Future Transportation
The adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in numerous sectors is projected to grow exponentially in the future as technology advances and regulation evolves. One of the promising applications of UAVs is in transportation systems. As the current transportation system is moving towards Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), UAVs are going to play a major role in the functioning of ITS.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring
Diabetes is a chronic and, according to the state of the art, an incurable disease. Therefore, to treat diabetes, regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial since it is mandatory to mitigate the risk and incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Nowadays, it is common to use blood glucose meters or continuous glucose monitoring via stinging the skin, which is classified as invasive monitoring. In recent decades, non-invasive monitoring has been regarded as a dominant research field. Overall, the scientific approaches show a comparable accuracy in the Clarke error grid to that of the commercial ones. However, they are in different stages of development and, therefore, need improvement regarding parameter optimization, temperature dependency, or testing with blood under real conditions. Moreover, the size of scientific sensing solutions must be further reduced for a wearable monitoring system.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Electrical Machines Winding Technology and Transportation Electrification
The ever-increasing demand for higher-power dense electrical machines has resulted in different electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses, which can eventually cause machine failure. For this reason, the management of stresses and losses must be thoughtfully investigated to have a highly reliable electrical machine. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Protection Schemes for Electrical Distribution Networks with GDG
An amalgamation of Green Distributed Generation (GDG) with Distribution Networks (DNs) was developed because its performance became more efficient and sustainable. It increased the challenges in the design and operation of the protection scheme and changed the short circuit current (SCC), voltage profile, power losses, and power flow direction after the GDG penetration. These changes rely on the number, size, location, and environmental influence according to the GDG type. Therefore, many researchers have discussed protection system challenges and presented types of protection approaches to find a robust protection layout for DNs integrated with GDGs to prevent the electrical equipment from being destroyed during abnormal conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Non Linear Current-Voltage Characteristics
The current-voltage (IV) curve of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array provides valuable insights into its behavior under varying conditions, including partial shading. Under normal, unshaded conditions, the IV curve depicts a characteristic shape where the current increases linearly with voltage until it reaches a peak known as the maximum power point (MPP). 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Oct 2023
Biography
Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
Supriyo Bandyopadhyay is Commonwealth Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University. He received a B. Tech degree in Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; an M.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois; and a Ph.D. degree in Electrical
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2022
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