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Topic Review
Snorkeling Strategy
Flooding is an important strategy for weed control in paddy rice fields. However, terrestrial weeds had evolved mechanisms of tolerance to flooding, resulting in new ‘snorkelling’ ecotypes. Several weeds, mainly weedy rice, have evolved submersion tolerance mechanisms, which could be called snorkelling strategy, which are strategies that guarantee its survival and perpetuation in flooded environments. Current advances in biotechnology present the possibility of using molecular tools to understand flooding tolerance and manipulate DNA and RNA for the development of modern snorkelling weed control methods 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Light-Emitting Diode in Plant Metabolism
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging as a powerful technology in the plant field which allows the selection of specific wavelengths and intensities, and therefore the targeted accumulation of plant antioxidant compounds.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Lavandin
Lavandin essential oil has been found to have antioxidant and biocidal activity (antimicrobial, nematicidal, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, and allelopathic), as well as other potential therapeutic effects such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, improving sleep quality, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Intercropping Cover Crops for a Vital Ecosystem Service
Cover crops are the crucial components of a sustainable crop production system because of their critical ecological services. Cover crops grown between rows of primary crops provide more benefits than conventional cropping systems, where ecosystem services are strengthened by lessening anthropogenic inputs.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Graphene Oxide on Plant Growth
Several reports of graphene oxide (GO) promoting plant growth have sparked interest in its potential applications in agroforestry. These reports show conflicting results from different perspectives, such as plant physiology, biochemistry, cytology, and molecular biology, regarding the beneficial and detrimental effects of GO on plant growth. Seemingly inconsistent studies make it difficult to effectively apply GO in agroforestry. It is proposed that an appropriate concentration of GO may be conducive to its positive effects, and the particle size of GO should be considered when GO is applied in agricultural applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Iris sibirica and Zantedeschia aetiopica
Z. aethiopica and I. sibirica are two flowering species that have been used as emergent vegetation for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Z. aethiopica is  in high demand in the national market in Mexico. The two species have a proven specific capacity to tolerate and take up pharmaceuticals  and heavy metals.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
RNA-Protein Interactions in Plants
RNAs transmit information from DNA to encode proteins that perform all cellular processes and regulate gene expression in multiple ways. From the time of synthesis to degradation, RNA molecules are associated with proteins called RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The RBPs play diverse roles in many aspects of gene expression including pre-mRNA processing and post-transcriptional and translational regulation. In the last decade, the application of modern techniques to identify RNA–protein interactions with individual proteins, RNAs, and the whole transcriptome has led to the discovery of a hidden landscape of these interactions in plants. Global approaches such as RNA interactome capture (RIC) to identify proteins that bind protein-coding transcripts have led to the identification of close to 2000 putative RBPs in plants.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Wetland Plants across China
Accelerating and severe wetland loss has made wetland restoration increasingly important. Current wetland restorations do not take into consideration the ecological adaptability of wetland plants at large scales, which likely affects their long-term restoration success. We explored the ecological adaptability, including plant life forms and phylogenetic diversity, of plants across 28 wetlands in China. We found that perennial herbs were more common than annual herbs, with the proportion of perennial herbs accounting for 40–50%, 45–65%, 45–70%, 50–60%, and 60–80% of species in coastal wetlands, human-made wetlands, lake wetlands, river wetlands, and marsh wetlands, respectively. A ranking of phylogenetic diversity indices (PDIs) showed an order of marsh < river < coastal < lake < human-made, meaning that human-made wetlands had the highest phylogenetic diversity and marsh wetlands had the lowest phylogenetic diversity. The nearest taxon index (NTI) was positive in 23 out of 28 wetlands, indicating that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
N-glycoproteins in Plant Cell Walls
Cell walls are an extracellular compartment specific to plant cells, which is not found in animal cells. Their composition varies between cell types, plant species, and physiological states. They are composed of a great diversity of polymers, e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, and lignins. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) are major players involved in the plasticity of cell walls which support cell growth and differentiation, as well as adaptation to environmental changes. In order to reach the extracellular space, CWPs are transported through the secretory pathway where they may undergo post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylations on the Asn residues in specific motifs (Asn-X-Ser/Thr-X, with X≠Pro).
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ubiquitylation of ABA Receptors/PP2Cs
Post-translational modifications play a fundamental role in regulating protein function and stability. In particular, protein ubiquitylation is a multifaceted modification involved in numerous aspects of plant biology.  Regarding proteolytic functions of Ub, Lys-48-linked branched chains are the most common chain type for proteasomal degradation, whereas promotion of endocytosis and vacuolar degradation is triggered through monoubiquitylation or Lys63-linked chains introduced in integral or peripheral plasma membrane proteins. Hormone signaling relies on regulated protein turnover, and specifically the half-life of ABA signaling components is regulated both through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system and the endocytic/vacuolar degradation pathway. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Killer Yeasts
Killer yeast for the Biological Control of Postharvest Fungal Crop Diseases
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Phytoplasma Diseases in Middle East
Phytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this region. Peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma strains (16SrII) are the prevalent group, especially in the south of Iran and Gulf states, and have been found to be associated with 81 host plant species. In addition, phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrVI, 16SrIX, and 16SrXII groups have been frequently reported from a wide range of crops. On the other hand, phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXXIX groups have limited geographical distribution and host range. Twenty-two insect vectors have been reported as putative phytoplasma vectors in the Middle East, of which Orosius albicinctus can transmit diverse phytoplasma strains. Almond witches’ broom, tomato big bud, lime witches’ broom, and alfalfa witches’ broom are known as the most destructive diseases. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Balancing Photosynthesis through Cyclic Electron Flow
Cyclic Electron Flow （CEF）has evolved to divert electrons back to PETC to enhance H+ pumping to boost the proton motive force (PMF) across the thylakoid membranes to balance photosynthesis and, consequently, NADPH/ATP ratio.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Evolution of 14-3-3 Proteins in Angiosperm Plants
14-3-3 proteins are key regulatory factors in plants and are involved in a broad range of physiological processes. We focused on the evolutionary history of 14-3-3s from 46 angiosperm species, including basal angiosperm Amborella and major lineage of monocotyledons and eudicotyledons. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Phytochemical Composition of Lessertia frutescens
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. The curative ability of the medicinal plant is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including amino acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Sulfide Enhances Plant Tolerance
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, toxic gas readily soluble in water with a pungent odor of rotten eggs. It can be ionized to H+, HS−, and S2−in aqueous solution; although the HS−cannot cross the cell membrane, H2S, acting as a small liposoluble molecule, is five times more soluble in lipophilic solvents than in water, can permeate the lipid membrane freely, because of H2S’s poor water solubility, it is difficult to long-distance transport; however, SO42−and sulfur compounds can be realized long-distance transport through xylem vessels to participate in endogenous H2S metabolism in plant cells”. H2S is widely regarded as a harmful gas produced in industrial production until the middle of the late 1990s.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
miRNAs in Barley Physiology and Stress Responses
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation in multicellular species. miRNAs can modify/decrease the expression of fully or partially complementary mRNA molecules. Plant miRNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which was repeatedly proved in several model plant species. miRNAs are considered to be key regulators of many developmental, homeostatic, and immune processes in plants. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sesquiterpene Lactones in Medicine
Sesquiterpene lactones (SL), characterized by their high prevalence in the Asteraceae family, are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites found in plants. Researchers from distinct research fields, including pharmacology, medicine, and agriculture, are interested in their biological potential. With new SL discovered in the last years, new biological activities have been tested, different action mechanisms (synergistic and/or antagonistic effects), as well as molecular structure–activity relationships described.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Plant Growth Promotion Using Bacillus cereus
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) appear to be a sensible competitor to conventional fertilization, including mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. Undoubtedly, one of the most interesting bacteria exhibiting plant-stimulating traits is, more widely known as a pathogen, Bacillus cereus. Several environmentally safe strains of B. cereus have been isolated and described, including B. cereus WSE01, MEN8, YL6, SA1, ALT1, ERBP, GGBSTD1, AK1, AR156, C1L, and T4S. These strains have been studied under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions and have shown many significant traits, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production or phosphate solubilization, which allows direct plant growth promotion. It includes an increase in biometrics traits, chemical element content (e.g., N, P, and K), and biologically active substances content or activity, e.g., antioxidant enzymes and total soluble sugar. Hence, B. cereus has supported the growth of plant species such as soybean, maize, rice, and wheat. Importantly, some B. cereus strains can also promote plant growth under abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Humulus lupulus L. By-Products
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are known worldwide as a raw material in beer production due their flavor and preservative values. The beneficial properties of the plant have been mostly associated with the female hop inflorescences (cones), which is also the part used in the brewing industry. However, some studies indicate the presence of compounds associated with health benefits in the vegetative parts of hops or small-caliber cones, which discarded in hop collection. Moreover, large quantities of by-products remain in the forms of spent grains and spent hops/hot trub and are produced by breweries raising environmental and economic sustainability concerns.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Dec 2022
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