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Topic Review
Diet and Ganglioside Expression
Gangliosides are series of glycosphingolipids containing sialic acids in the oligosaccharide portion in mammalian cells. Gangliosides are a component of cellular membranes and play roles in modulating membrane function and the activity of membrane proteins. Abnormal expression and metabolism of gangliosides lead to the onset of several conditions in humans, such as neurologic diseases, diabetes, and cancer. A number of studies have been carried out to date to investigate the role of gangliosides in these diseases, and the effect of diet on tissue expression of gangliosides has recently become a topic of interest in this field. As gangliosides are degraded in the intestinal tract, ingested food-derived gangliosides are not directly absorbed into tissues in vivo, but the degradation products can be absorbed and affect ganglioside expression in the tissues. Recent studies have also shown that the expression of gangliosides in tissue cells can be indirectly induced by controlling the expression of ganglioside metabolism-related genes via the diet. These results indicate that dietary control can regulate the expression levels of gangliosides in tissues, which is expected to play a role in preventing and treating ganglioside-related diseases.
  • 2.9K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Technologies for Soft Robotics Grippers
Robotics grippers are one of the most important components in the industry because of their capability to manipulate objects. They not only realize transportation tasks but also perform quality control to optimize robotic work cells. Thanks to the advance in soft material and soft actuators, soft grippers have gained relief in the field of soft robotics in the last years. Soft grippers have considerable flexibility that allows them to grasp a variety of objects, in contrast to hard grippers, which are designed for a specific item. Using the principles of soft robotics, gripping tools with a greater robustness can be developed. This implies that they do not require changes in their programming or construction to manipulate different objects, and the precision needed to make the grips is reduced.
  • 2.9K
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers
Prostate cancer biomarkers can be measured in urine, blood or tissue. A variety of tests that analyse patients' biomarkers have been developed to improve diagnosis, prognosis and to help stratify individual's risk of prostate cancers. Liquid biopsy biomarkers are easy-to-use and non-invasive. They guide the decision-making process, determine whether the patient requires treatment or can be monitored under active surveillance, and help choose the best treatment option.
  • 2.9K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy.
  • 2.9K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CAR-T Cells Immunotherapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy
The CAR is composed of four regions, namely: the extracellular antigen-binding domain usually made of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), the hinge (the spacer region), which increases flexibility and allows the CAR to be properly matched to the target antigen, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular signaling domain. The CAR construct was modified so as to increase the efficiency and expansion of CAR-T cells in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). AML is a malignancy of the hematopoietic system of a heterogeneous nature. The disease is caused by mutations resulting in the proliferation of cancer cells derived from progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage.
  • 2.9K
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Natural Cyclopeptides
Cyclopeptides, also known as cyclic peptides, are polypeptides formed from amino acids arranged in a cyclic ring structure.
  • 2.9K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Atomization
Atomization is an intricate operation involving unstable and complex networks with rupture and fusion of liquid molecules. There are diverse details that typify the spray formation, which are the technique and configuration of the atomization process, dimension and structure of the nozzle, experimental parameters, etc. .
  • 2.9K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Pectin-Based Material for Applications in Water Treatment
Climate change and water are inseparably connected. Extreme weather events cause water to become more scarce, polluted, and erratic than ever. Pectin is a biodegradable polymer, extractable from vegetables, and contains several hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that can easily interact with the contaminant ions. In addition, pectin-based materials can be prepared in different forms (films, hydrogels, or beads) and cross-linked with several agents to change their molecular structure. Consequently, the pectin-based adsorbents can be tuned to remove diverse pollutants such as divalent metals. 
  • 2.9K
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Gluten
From a chemical perspective, gluten has been defined as the proteinaceous mass that remains when wheat dough is washed with water and consists primarily of the prolamin and glutelin fractions of the storage proteins of wheat.
  • 2.9K
  • 24 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Infrakingdom
In biology, a kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla. Traditionally, some textbooks from the United States and Canada used a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria) while textbooks in Great Britain, India, Greece, Brazil and other countries use five kingdoms only (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera). Some recent classifications based on modern cladistics have explicitly abandoned the term kingdom, noting that some traditional kingdoms are not monophyletic, meaning that they do not consist of all the descendants of a common ancestor. The terms flora (for plants), fauna (for animals), and, in the 21st century, funga (for fungi) are also used for life present in a particular region or time.
  • 2.9K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sc (Command)
In Windows NT operating systems, a Windows service is a computer program that operates in the background. It is similar in concept to a Unix daemon. A Windows service must conform to the interface rules and protocols of the Service Control Manager, the component responsible for managing Windows services. It is the Services and Controller app, services.exe, that launches all the services and manages their actions, such as start, end, etc. Windows services can be configured to start when the operating system is started and run in the background as long as Windows is running. Alternatively, they can be started manually or by an event. Windows NT operating systems include numerous services which run in context of three user accounts: System, Network Service and Local Service. These Windows components are often associated with Host Process for Windows Services. Because Windows services operate in the context of their own dedicated user accounts, they can operate when a user is not logged on. Prior to Windows Vista, services installed as an "interactive service" could interact with Windows desktop and show a graphical user interface. In Windows Vista, however, interactive services are deprecated and may not operate properly, as a result of Windows Service hardening.
  • 2.9K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Intel Core I3 Microprocessors
The following is a list of Intel Core i3 brand microprocessors. These processors are designed with cheap price points, while still retaining the power of the Intel Core line. As such they (along with Intel's i5 series) are often found in laptops and low-end desktop computers.
  • 2.9K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
Located in Nilore, it maintains a broad portfolio in providing post-graduate and post-doctoral research opportunities in supercomputing, renewable energy, physical, philosophical, materials, environmental, and mathematical sciences. Researchers and scholars are invited from universities throughout Pakistan.
  • 2.9K
  • 20 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fault Detection for Belt Conveyor Idlers
Bulk materials are transported worldwide using belt conveyors as an essential transport system. The majority of conveyor components are monitored continuously to ensure their reliability, but idlers remain a challenge to monitor due to the large number of idlers (rollers) distributed throughout the working environment. These idlers are prone to external noises or disturbances that cause a failure in the underlying system operations.
  • 2.9K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Spotted Hyena
The Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a highly social carnivore native to sub-Saharan Africa, distinguished by its distinctive spotted coat, powerful build, and unique vocalizations. Renowned for its strength and adaptability, the Spotted Hyena is one of Africa's most successful predators, utilizing its keen sense of smell, strong jaws, and endurance to hunt a wide range of prey, from small mammals to large ungulates. Despite misconceptions about its scavenging habits, the Spotted Hyena is an efficient hunter, capable of taking down prey much larger than itself through coordinated group hunting tactics.
  • 2.9K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Social Aspects of Smart Urban Mobility
There is a growing interest in sustainable urban transport solutions in cities around the world. These changes, known as “smart urban mobility”, aim to reduce the negative effects of transport on the natural environment and enhance the standard of living for urban dwellers. It should be noted that in addition to this transformation’s technological aspects, modifying the city’s structure and architecture also has a social dimension. The transformation of urban mobility has a significant impact on social relations. Introducing new modes of transport, such as city bikes and electric scooters, creates new ways of moving around the city and can impact social interactions. This can increase social integration and a community’s sense of belonging. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the differences between social groups to ensure equal access to the benefits of these changes in addition to deeper social elements, such as changing the habits and expectations of residents and adapting solutions to the specific needs of each city. This paper aims to look at the social aspects of smart urban mobility, including the impact of these changes on the lives and relationships of city residents.
  • 2.9K
  • 22 May 2024
Topic Review
Biosurfactants Properties
Biosurfactants (BSs) are emerging surface-active molecules with high potential for a wide range of applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. BSs are extremely attractive due to their significant antimicrobial (against bacteria, fungi and viruses), antiadhesive and biofilm disruptive properties. Their use, either on their own or in combination with other antimicrobial or chemotherapeutic drugs, might pave the way for a future strategy of prevention and counteraction of microbial infections, biofilm formation and proliferation. In addition, BSs have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community as a new potential generation of pharmaceutics to be included in anticancer, immunomodulatory, wound healing, cosmetic and drug delivery agents.
  • 2.9K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Social Entrepreneurship
Social entrepreneurship (SE) is about entrepreneurial initiatives aimed at exploiting opportunities to generate social value
  • 2.9K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications
Currently, a variety of sensing methods based on optics, acoustics, and electromagnetics are widely applied for ocean observation and exploration. Acoustic sensing contains various sonar devices for seafloor mapping, submersible navigation, and underwater object. Optical sensing technologies applied to ocean exploration include underwater imaging for objects inspection, spectrophotometry, and fluorophotometry for environmental parameters monitoring. Technologies of electromagnetics are used for underwater metal detection such as mines and mineral resources, and for underwater inspections of cables and pipelines.
  • 2.9K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Goal (Sport)
In sports, a goal is a physical structure or area where an attacking team must send the ball or puck in order to score points. In several sports, a goal is the sole method of scoring, and thus the final score is expressed in the total number of goals scored by each team. In other sports, a goal may be one of several scoring methods, and thus may be worth a different set number of points than the others. The structure of a goal varies from sport to sport. Most often, it is a rectangular structure that is placed at each end of the playing field. Each structure usually consists of two vertical posts, called goal posts, supporting a horizontal crossbar. A goal line marked on the playing surface between the goal posts demarcates the goal area. Thus, the objective is to send the ball or puck between the goal posts, under or over the crossbar (depending on the sport), and across the goal line. Less commonly, as in basketball or netball, goals are ring-shaped. The structure is often accompanied with an auxiliary net, which stops or slows down the ball when a goal is scored.
  • 2.9K
  • 11 Nov 2022
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