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References

1. et. al. Unknown. "Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology". Pakistan Chemistry Society. http://www.pakchem.net/2011/09/pakistan-institute-of-nuclear-science.html#.VGca6GcubKc. Retrieved 15 November 2014. 
2. Hasnain, PNRA, S.A (December 7, 2005). "Dr. I.H. Usmani and the Early Days of the PAEC" (PDF). The Nucleus (Islamabad: The Nucleus) 42 (1-2): 13–20. http://www.thenucleuspak.org.pk/nucleus/pdf%20Special%20Issue%20Nucleus%2042%281-4%29/Dr%20IH%20Usmani%20and%20the%20early%20days%20of%20the%20PAEC%28ms-608%29.pdf. Retrieved 16 November 2014. 
3. Ahmad, Syed; Ahmad, Mansoor; Khan, H.. "Timelime". Pakistan Defence Consortium. http://pakdef.org/timeline-of-pakistans-nuclear-programme/. Retrieved 16 November 2014. 
4. Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012). Eating grass the making of the Pakistani bomb. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804784809. https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&pg=PA57&dq=PINSTECH+Edward+stone&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kl9oVKWYL4arjAKx-4GQAg&ved=0CCAQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true. Retrieved 16 November 2014. 
5. Shahidur Rehman, §The Theoretical Physics Group, A Cue from Manhattan Project?, pp51-100, Long Road to Chagai, 1999, Printwise Publications.
6. Fraser, Gordon (2010). Cosmic Anger: Abdus Salam - The First Muslim Nobel Scientist. Oxford University press. ISBN 0191578665. https://books.google.com/books?id=QFiaRfzuWXwC&pg=PT217&dq=PINsTECH+ABDUS+SALAM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xm1pVIu9LYTpiQLvx4DoCg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=PINsTECH%20ABDUS%20SALAM&f=false. Retrieved 17 November 2014. 
7. Lai, editors, Z. Hassan & C.H. (1983). Ideals and realities : selected essays of Abdus Salam. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 9971950871. https://books.google.com/books?id=tf1UxncAcM0C&pg=PA104&dq=PINsTECH+ABDUS+SALAM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Q2tpVJvqNZGrjALw04HQAg&ved=0CDMQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=PINsTECH%20ABDUS%20SALAM&f=false. Retrieved 17 November 2014. 
8. "Physics Research Division". Archived from the original on 2006-06-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20060619210044/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/. 
9. It was founded as Fast Neutron Physics Group by Dr. Samar Mubarakmand in 1979. The FNPG was involved in the designing of a country's first nuclear weapon
10. The EMM Group was founded by Dr. N.M. Butt in 1966 that had produced world acclaim research in Mossbauer Spectroscopy
11. The Mathematics Physics Group, otherwise known as Math Group, was founded in 1972, with Theoretical Physics Group, by Raziuddin Siddiqui who also served its first director. The Math Group was mandate to conduct mathematical calculations in implosion designs and concepts. It earned prestige in 1978 when the Group, worked under Asghar Qadir, finished the solved complex calculations involved in nuclear fission and chain reaction
12. The Theoretical Physics Group or TPG, was founded and established by Dr. Abdus Salam who served its first Director in 1972 until 1974. The TPG, under Salam's directorial guidance, was tasked to developed the nuclear weapons designs and mathematical calculations involving the nuclear weapons. Later, The TPG had first successfully designed the first theoretical design and completed calculations in nuclear weapon in 1978, under Dr. Riazuddin
13. Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi (Dr. I.H. Qureshi) was one of the leading scientists who were involved in the development of a nuclear weapon in the early 1970s. Dr. I.H. Qureshi has had led NCD in the development of fissionable materials in the device. Dr. I.H. Qureshi had famously discovered 63Li+21H→42He+22.4 MeV equation for balancing the Q-value and energy balance in a fission device.
14. "Nuclear Chemistry Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on January 4, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050104180022/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ncd.htm. 
15. "Health Physics Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on January 2, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050102092427/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/hpd.htm. 
16. The Nuclear Engineering division was used in the designing and construction of PARR-II.
17. "Nuclear Engineering Division". Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164301/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ned.htm. 
18. "Electronics Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164408/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ed.htm. 
19. The PARR-I Upgradation Program was led by Munir Ahmad Khan in 1991. Further discussion can be read at PARR-I Reactor
20. "General Services Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164338/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/gsd.htm. 
21. "Computer Division". http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/cd.htm. 
22. "Nuclear Material Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on January 4, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050104175954/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/nmd.htm. 
23. The Isotope Application Division (IAD)was founded by Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan in 1971. Hafeez Qureshi was made director general of the RIAD Division. The RIAD was the first division that had put efforts in the development of the fission device in 1972.
24. "Radiation Isotope Application Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164319/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm. 
25. The Isotope Production Division (IPD) was founded by Mr. M. Bashar Khan in 2002. M. Khalid was made Head of the RIPD Division. The RIPD was the only division in generating funds and have been involve in producing and catering the nuclear medical center needs on regular basis.
26. "Radiation Isotope Application Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164319/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm. 
27. "Scientific Information Division" (Web cache). Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164254/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/sid.htm.