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Topic Review
Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus
Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission, and molecular interactions with hosts.
  • 2.9K
  • 21 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Lactose
Lactose is the principal sugar of mammal milk, with a few exceptions (e.g., sea lions and walruses), and is the source of nourishment for newborns. As a sugar, it has a major role as a source of energy, providing 4 kcal/g, and also having a low glycemic index.
  • 2.9K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Goal Orientation
Goal orientation is an "individual disposition towards developing or validating one's ability in achievement settings". Research has examined goal orientation as a motivation variable that is useful for recruitment, climate and culture, performance appraisal, and choice. It has also been used to predict sales performance, adaptive performance, goal setting, learning and adaptive behaviors in training, and leadership.
  • 2.9K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Corrosion Cracking in Palladium
Cathodic corrosion is evidenced by the formation of transient complexes of palladium. It is obvious to see a peak of palladium transient by cyclic voltammetry for different amounts of deposited hydrogen expressed as a current during back-diffusion. Therefore, in the part located at the surface of electrolyte, drastic structural changes lead to loss of cohesion and cracking. The objective of this project is to take into account the mechanical constraints formed by diffusion of hydrogen or isotope and the cathodic corrosion produced by formation of superficial hydride transients, both responsible of destruction of palladium or alloyed cathode. To know the origin of these, it was necessary to discriminating the damaging effects encountered.
  • 2.9K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
2015 Guru Granth Sahib Desecration Controversy
The 2015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration (also known as the 2015 Guru Granth Sahib sacrilege) refers to a series of desecration incidents of the Sikh Guru Guru Granth Sahib and subsequent protests that took place in Punjab, India in October 2015. The first incident of desecration was reported from Bargari, Faridkot district, where 110 torn Angs (literally body part means pages) of the holy Guru were found on 12 October. On the early morning hours of 14 October, two Sikh protesters were shot dead by the police as the peaceful protesters were sitting in demonstration.
  • 2.9K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Triangulation (Psychology)
Triangulation is a term most closely associated with the work of Murray Bowen called Family Theory. Bowen theorized that a two-person emotional system is unstable, in that under stress it forms itself into a three-person system or triangle.
  • 2.9K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Green Entrepreneurship
The concept of “green entrepreneurship” has been given significant attention by academics, who push for “going green” to be captured as a measure to raise environmental sustainability. Give this direction, researchers view green entrepreneurship as the answer to ecological and social problems. This concept suggests that the world can become environmentally friendly when individuals pay attention to the “going green” environment. Green entrepreneurship is a new area in academia, both in research and policy forums in Ghana, and is thus no longer a clumsy business, but a charitable social action with the aim of safeguarding and conserving natural resources.
  • 2.9K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Social Inclusion in Sport for People with Disabilities
The concept and practice of social inclusion in sport are still undefined, causing confusion both in the field of sport policy and practice. According to the United Nations (UN), a conceptual and analytical work on what constitutes inclusion is needed.
  • 2.9K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Based Meat Alternatives
Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) are highly processed products that aim to imitate the experience of eating meat by mimicking animal meat in its sensory characteristics such as taste, texture, or aesthetic appearance. 
  • 2.9K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) specifies effective antibiotic dosage and formulates a profile of empirical therapy for the proper management of an individual patient’s health against deadly infections. Therefore, rapid diagnostic plays a pivotal role in the treatment of bacterial infection.
  • 2.9K
  • 03 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Traditionalist School
The Traditionalist School is a group of 20th- and 21st-century thinkers who believe in the existence of a perennial wisdom or perennial philosophy, primordial and universal truths which form the source for, and are shared by, all the major world religions. The principal thinkers in this tradition are René Guénon, Ananda Coomaraswamy and Frithjof Schuon. Other important thinkers in this tradition include Titus Burckhardt, Martin Lings, Jean-Louis Michon, Marco Pallis, Huston Smith, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Jean Borella, and Julius Evola.[note 1]
  • 2.9K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Thermochromic Hydrogel Smart Windows
Thermochromic smart windows technology can intelligently regulate indoor solar radiation by changing indoor light transmittance in response to thermal stimulation, thus reducing energy consumption of the building. In recent years, with the development of new energy-saving materials and the combination with practical technology, energy-saving smart windows technology has received more and more attention from scientific research.
  • 2.9K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Karratha, Western Australia
Karratha is a city in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, adjoining the port of Dampier. It was established in 1968 to accommodate the processing and exportation workforce of the Hamersley Iron mining company and, in the 1980s, the petroleum and liquefied natural gas operations of the North West Shelf Venture. At June 2018, Karratha had an urban population of 16,708. The city's name comes from the cattle station of the same name, which derives from a word in a local Aboriginal language meaning "good country" or "soft earth". The city is the seat of government of the City of Karratha, a local government area covering the surrounding region.
  • 2.9K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Communication Costs in Federated Learning
Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning technique that allows for the distributed training of a single machine learning model across multiple geographically distributed clients.
  • 2.9K
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cassiopeia
Cassiopeia, named after the queen in Greek mythology, is a prominent constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. Known for its distinctive "W" or "M" shape, depending on its orientation in the sky, Cassiopeia is easily recognizable and has been a subject of fascination for astronomers and stargazers throughout history.
  • 2.9K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are flexible filaments extracted from renewable sources, with complex properties due to the wide variations in the chemical and structural composition of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, fatty acids, pectins, and other structures linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and forces of Van der Waals forming microfibrils with parallel arrangement.
  • 2.9K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Learning Paradigms
Learning paradigms are more like methodologies that guide problem solving. In addition to the most widely used supervised learning paradigm, other learning paradigms are also employed in the multimodal field, such as semi-supervised learning, self-supervised learning, and transfer learning. 
  • 2.9K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Zoom
Zoom Meetings (commonly shortened to Zoom, and stylized as zoom) is a proprietary videotelephony software program developed by Zoom Video Communications. The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan. The highest plan supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for remote work, distance education, and online social relations. The increase led to Zoom being one of the most downloaded mobile app worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads. In 2020 Zoom had over 300 million daily meeting participants.
  • 2.9K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Application of Nanoparticles on Plants as Fertilizers
Soil degradation has led to an imbalance between food and feed production, climate regulation, water retention and carbon storage in the ecosystem. On a larger scale, it has led to soil erosions and nutrient runoffs, leading to soil infertility, thus affecting human beings through malnutrition and other related diseases. To increase productivity and improve soil quality, fertilizers have been used for decades by farmers worldwide on degraded soils affected by human factors. However, their intensive usage has led to the pollution of both water and soil as the crop uses less than half of the applied amount; the other remaining amount is lost through photolysis, hydrolysis, leaching and microbial immobilization and degradation; thus, threatening the soil microorganisms, human health and the ecosystem, and reducing the profit margin of farmers.
  • 2.9K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Saponins
Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites present in a wide range of foods ranging from grains, pulses, and green leaves to sea creatures. They consist of a hydrophilic sugar moiety linked to a lipophilic aglycone, resulting in an amphiphilic nature and unique functional properties. Their amphiphilic structures enable saponins to exhibit surface-active properties, resulting in stable foams and complexes with various molecules. In the context of food applications, saponins are utilized as natural emulsifiers, foaming agents, and stabilizers. They contribute to texture and stability in food products and have potential health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering and anticancer effects. Saponins possess additional bioactivities that make them valuable in the pharmaceutical industry as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents to name a few. Saponins can demonstrate cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and can also act as adjuvants, enhancing the immune response to vaccines. 
  • 2.9K
  • 11 Sep 2023
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