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Topic Review
Supercapacitors with Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The ever-growing interest in wearable electronic devices has unleashed a strong demand for sustainable and flexible power sources that are represented by the combination of flexible energy harvesting with storage devices/technologies. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), which harvest mechanical energy and charge their matching supercapacitors (SCs), may form a distributed power system with flexibility to tap their potential applications in powering wearable electronic devices.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Conversion of Methane to Methanol Routes
One way to store the energy content of methane is through its conversion to methanol. Methanol is a liquid under ambient conditions, easy to transport, and, apart from its use as an energy source, it is a chemical platform that can serve as a starting material for the production of various higher-value products.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings
Different nanostructured coatings and surface finishing, characterized by length range between 1 and 100 nm, may be deposited on the external area of a matrix to implement or enhance the materials efficiency for several applications.The use of polymers combined with nanomaterials or functional nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems finds their main application in the medical sector, in particular in cancer diagnostics and therapy and in traditional oral delivery systems. As a matter of fact, in wastewater treatment the simplest and most efficient methodology to modify the surface properties of filtering membranes, thus improving their retention and regeneration properties, involves the use of membrane coatings based on nanomaterials.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Polymer−Based Assemblies
An antimicrobial supramolecular assembly (ASA) is conspicuous in biomedical applications. Among the alternatives to overcome microbial resistance to antibiotics and drugs, ASAs, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and polymers (APs), provide formulations with optimal antimicrobial activity and acceptable toxicity. 
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Anodic Films of Mg Alloys
This entry presents an overview of the recent developments in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the anodized films of Mg alloys prepared by either conventional anodizing or plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and the applications of the formed composite ceramics as smart chloride traps in corrosive environments.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Acetaldehyde Detection Using Chemiresistive-Based Gas Sensors
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the most abundant air pollutants. Their high concentrations can adversely affect the human body, and therefore, early detection of VOCs is of outmost importance.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bimetallic Nanocrystals
Bimetallic nanocrystals are nanoscale crystals composed of two different metal elements. Bimetallic nanocrystals are expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect between the two metals, not just a combination of two monometallic properties, which have important applications in the field of catalysis, energy conversion, gas sensing and bio-detection applications. 
  • 998
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Atomic-Scale Nano-Ionic Memristor Microwave Switches
Nanomaterials science is becoming the foundation stone of high-frequency applications. The downscaling of electronic devices and components allows shrinking chip’s dimensions at a more-than-Moore rate. Many theoretical limits and manufacturing constraints are yet to be taken into account. A promising path towards nanoelectronics is represented by atomic-scale materials. In this entry, we offer a perspective on a specific class of devices, namely switches designed and fabricated using two-dimensional or nanoscale materials, like graphene, molybdenum disulphide, hexagonal boron nitride and ultra-thin oxides for high-frequency applications.
  • 991
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
MOFs Derivative One-Dimensional Nanofibers
MOFs are synthesized by the incorporation of both inorganic and organic units through template-guided assembly (e.g., mesh synthesis). The design flexibility of MOF in terms of highly variable geometry and functionality based on the choices of incorporated constituents has attracted increasing attentions from researchers in catalysis, energy, and electronics. The main advantage of MOFs in comparison with conventional porous materials is the achievement of specific structure and tunable porosity at the molecular level by adjusting both metal species and organic ligands. For instance, the typical porosity of MOFs is higher than 50% of the total solid volume while the surface area of MOFs generally ranges from 1000 to 10,000 m2 g−1, both superior to those found in conventional porous materials such as carbons and molecular sieve. 
  • 991
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Nanomaterials Based on Halloysite Clay Mineral
Bacterial infections represent one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Over the years, several nanomaterials with antibacterial properties have been developed. In this context, clay minerals, because of their intrinsic properties, have been efficiently used as antimicrobial agents since ancient times. Halloysite nanotubes are one of the emerging nanomaterials that have found application as antimicrobial agents in several fields. 
  • 991
  • 08 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Oxide Nanoparticle
Magnetic oxide nanoparticles are novel building blocks and vehicle for wastewater detoxification; their stable nature makes them preferable to their metallic counterparts. The inherent properties of magnetic oxide nanoparticles such as facile preparation, ease of recovery and functionalization, reusability, promotes their biocompatibility and adaptation in wastewater treatment. 
  • 989
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Polypodiopsida and Nanotechnology
The species belonging to the Polypodiopsida class have been part of human culture since the beginning of civilization, often being utilized due to the presence of antimicrobial substances (such as alkaloids, terpenes as tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, etc.). Application of the ferns in nanotechnology is presented with practical examples.
  • 989
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Perovskite Catalysts in Zinc-Air Batteries
The Zinc-air battery (ZAB) has become a hot research topic due to its high energy densities. As an important category of catalysts for ZAB, perovskites have attracted extensive interests because of their environmentally friendly properties, cheapness, and excellent electrocatalytic performances.
  • 988
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Representative Applications of Conjugated Nanomedicine
Chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of their pathological mechanisms, a single chemotherapeutic drug is usually unable to eradicate cancer cells. It may also encounter some problems, such as toxic side effects induced by high doses of drugs and obtaining multidrug resistance (MDR) after repeated treatment. These problems then increase the likelihood of cancer metastasis or recurrence. The emergence of the combination of multiple antineoplastic drugs makes up for the deficiency of single drug application. Accordingly, the overall treatment benefit of the multidrug combination is usually higher than that of single drug administration by virtue of different therapeutic mechanisms. More importantly, the drug dose used during synergistic therapy usually decreases and the unfavorable side effects could be weakened under the premise of the same or better therapeutic efficacy. Thereinto, conjugated nanomedicine, as an important type of nanomedicine, can not only possess the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics with great precision but also achieve controlled drug release to avoid adverse effects. Meanwhile, conjugated nanomedicine provides the platform for combining several different therapeutic approaches (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, thermodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, etc.) with the purpose of achieving synergistic effects during cancer treatment.
  • 987
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Sulfide-Based Photocatalysts Using Visible Light
Sulfides are frequently used as photocatalysts, since they absorb visible light better than many oxides. They have the disadvantage of being more easily photocorroded. This occurs mostly in oxidizing conditions; therefore, they are commonly used instead in reduction processes, such as CO2 reduction to fuels or H2 production.
  • 982
  • 08 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Preparation and Application of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D NMs), consisting of atoms or a near-atomic thickness with infinite transverse dimensions, possess unique structures, excellent physical properties, and tunable surface chemistry. They exhibit significant potential for development in the fields of sensing, renewable energy, and catalysis.
  • 980
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Single-Molecule Sensors Based on STM Break Junction Measurements
Single-molecule recognition and detection with the highest resolution measurement has been one of the ultimate goals in science and engineering. Break junction techniques, originally developed to measure single-molecule conductance, recently have also been proven to have the capacity for the label-free exploration of single-molecule physics and chemistry, which paves a new way for single-molecule detection with high temporal resolution. Scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction (STM-BJ), invented to measure electron transport by repeatably forming single-molecule junctions in a nanogap between two electrodes, has also been a unique platform for exploring the intrinsic properties of materials and the interaction of individual molecules at a single-molecule level. The tunneling currents in the molecular junctions are sensitive to molecular structure and configuration, interfacial coupling between the anchoring group and electrode, external stimulus and the surroundings.
  • 979
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Materials as Cathode for Dual-Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitors
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have drawn increasing attention, due to their appealing potential for bridging the performance gap between lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Especially, dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors (DC-LICs) are even more attractive because of the low cost, high conductivity, and tunable nanostructure/surface chemistry/composition, as well as excellent chemical/electrochemical stability of carbon materials. Based on the well-matched capacity and rate between the cathode and anode, DC-LICs show superior electrochemical performances over traditional LICs and are considered to be one of the most promising alternatives to the current energy storage devices. The mismatch between the cathode and anode could be further suppressed by applying carbon nanomaterials. 
  • 979
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Agronanochemicals
Chitosan is established as a non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible compound. It offers fascinating properties; antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bio-adhesion, adsorption enhancer, etc. Chitosan coupled with nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative to the use of conventional agrochemicals towards a safer agriculture industry.
  • 978
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition's Mechanisms and Characteristics
Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, and potassium) are promising as anodes in emerging rechargeable batteries, ascribed to their high capacity or abundance. They are currently inhibited from public use by issues with interfacial reactivity, volume change, and dendrite growth. Surface coatings are among the most promising of techniques to address all of these issues. Atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) enable a variety of inorganic, organic, and even inorganic-organic hybrid materials, featuring accurate nanoscale controllability, low process temperature, and extremely uniform and conformal coverage. Coatings applied to alkali metals via ALD and MLD may offer some of the most scalable, tailorable, and effective surface coatings for safe and stable rechargeable anodes.
  • 978
  • 08 Oct 2022
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