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Topic Review
Plant-Based Antioxidants
Antioxidants are compounds that normally prevent lipid and protein oxidation. They play a major role in preventing many adverse conditions in the human body, including inflammation and cancer. Synthetic antioxidants are widely used in the food industry to prevent the production of adverse compounds that harm humans. However, plant and animal-based antioxidants are more appealing to consumers than synthetic antioxidants. Plant-based antioxidants are mainly phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamins, while animal-based antioxidants are mainly whole protein or the peptides of meat, fish, egg, milk, and plant proteins. Plant-based antioxidants mainly consist of aromatic rings, while animal-based antioxidants mainly consist of amino acids. The phenolic compounds and peptides act differently in preventing oxidation and can use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, compared with the animal-based antioxidants, plant-based compounds are more practical in the food industry. 
  • 5.2K
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
African Civet
The African Civet (Civettictis civetta) is a nocturnal mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, recognized for its distinctive appearance and unique musk-producing glands. Characterized by its elongated body, short legs, and black-and-white spotted fur, the African Civet inhabits a variety of habitats including forests, savannas, and grasslands. As an omnivorous scavenger, it plays a vital ecological role in maintaining ecosystem balance by feeding on a diverse range of prey, including insects, small mammals, fruits, and carrion.
  • 5.1K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Air pollution and Fuel Combustion
Air pollution is a precursor to many health issues such as difficulty breathing, asthma, lung and heart diseases, and cancer. 
  • 5.0K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
British Sheep Breed Diversity
The UK can be proud of the fact that numerous native breeds of sheep have been developed here that possess unique phenotypic features and excellent productivity and are utilized throughout the world. Their remarkable popularity and further sustainable breeding on grass pastures of British Isles and elsewhere can benefit from genomic applications. At present, there is a rich arsenal of genetic and genomic resources, tools and applications used for livestock assessment, breeding and production including, first of all, genetic profiling of diverse breeds, and search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes in farm animals. These genomic advances facilitate breed improvement and understanding of the genetic processes in the course of domestication and breed evolution.
  • 5.0K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Composition of Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one such feed ingredient, the use of which remains limited in poultry diets due to its low metabolisable energy, presence of anti-nutritive, soluble non-starch polysaccharides and consequent inter-cultivar variability. 
  • 4.9K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Evolution of Digital Twins
A digital twin can be described as a digital replica of a real-world entity. It simulates the physical state and maybe the biological state and behavior of the real-world entity based on input data. It helps in predicting, optimizing, and improving decision making. It has revolutionized the industrial world, particularly the manufacturing industry, construction and healthcare sector, smart cities, and energy industry. 
  • 4.9K
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Porifera
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (/pəˈrɪfərə/; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals.
  • 4.8K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dairy Spoilage and Pseudomonas spp.
The refrigerated fresh foods tend to quickly deteriorate along its production and marketing, mainly due to the action of psychrotrophic spoilage microorganisms such as pseudomonads. These bacteria cause discolouration, texture loss and unpleasant flavours, with fatal implications for the quality and shelf life of products. Refirgerated fresh dairy products as well as fresh foods are steadly threatened by these microorganisms against which most control strategies are uneffective.
  • 4.8K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Honey Badger
The Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis) is a remarkable mammal renowned for its ferocity, tenacity, and resilience in the face of adversity. Native to Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent, this species is known for its distinctive black and white fur and its fearless reputation as a formidable predator and scavenger. Despite its small size, the Honey Badger's aggressive behavior, sharp claws, and powerful jaws make it a force to be reckoned with in its natural habitat.
  • 4.5K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Teak
Scientific name:  Tectona grandis L. Family: Verbenaceae  Centre of origin: India Common name: Sagwan, Tekku, Saguna, Saga The generic name comes from ‘tekka’, the Malabar name for T. grandis. The specific name, ‘grandis’, is Latin for ‘large’ or ‘great’.
  • 4.5K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fungicides
Fungicides are considered a vital tool for agriculture, protecting crops against fungal diseases and therefore securing high agricultural productivity. The evolution of technology can provide novel chemical fungicides, such as nanofungicides and chiral fungicides, to address plant resistance development. The extensive use of chemical fungicides leads to a risk for public health, natural waters, and non-target organisms.
  • 4.4K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas9-Based Genome Engineering in Animals
Genetic engineering and transgenesis provide the opportunity for more significant gains and production in a short span of time. One of the best strategies is the genetic alteration of livestock to enhance the efficiency of food production (e.g., meat and milk), animal health, and welfare (animal population and disease). Moreover, genome engineering in the bovine is majorly focused on subjects such as disease resistance (e.g., tuberculosis), eradicate allergens (e.g., beta-lactoglobulin knock-out), products generation (e.g., meat from male and milk from female), male or female birth specifically (animal sexing), the introduction of valuable traits (e.g., stress tolerance and disease resistance) and their wellbeing (e.g., hornlessness).
  • 4.4K
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Smart Farming
Smart farming: the technological innovation adoption in agriculture requires an innovative conceptualization and management of the several resources in light of the increasingly being available data. An example of an innovative methodology and criteria capable of organizing data and exploiting such information to optimize the use of technologies and primary resources used in production processes is presented.
  • 4.3K
  • 17 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Plant-Based Milk Production
Growing concerns about the environmental impacts, healthiness, and ethical implications of eating animal-based products, such as meat, eggs, and milk, has led to an increase in demand for plant-based alternatives.  Plant-based milk substitutes can be created using two main approaches. First, certain oil-rich plant tissues (such as almonds, cashews, coconut flesh, flaxseeds, or soy beans) can be converted into colloidal suspensions using size-reduction and isolation techniques (such as soaking, grinding, enzyme-treatment, filtration, and centrifugation).  Second, plant-based oils (such as corn, flaxseed soybean, or sunflower oil) can be homogenized with water in the presence of plant-based proteins (such as pea, legume, or soy proteins), polysaccharides (gum arabic or beet pectin), phospholipids (such as soy or sunflower lecithin), or saponins (such as quillaja saponin) to create an oil-in-water emulsion with similar characteristics to bovine milk.   
  • 4.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Seed Priming
Seed nano-priming is an efficient process that can change seed metabolism and signaling pathways, affecting not only germination and seedling establishment but also the entire plant lifecycle.
  • 4.3K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Walnut Oil
Walnut oil is extremely nutrient dense. It has plenty of oil and is high in fatty acids, which have positive biological properties and have a favorable impact on blood lipids and lipoproteins. Walnut oil is low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids as well as being high in other vital nutrients. Walnut oil can be extracted using traditional as well as new and green technologies.
  • 4.3K
  • 31 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Camel Milk Processing
The camel milk market was limited for a long time by its almost exclusive self-consumption use in nomadic camps. Significant development has been observed for the past two or three decades, including internationally, boosted by its reputation regarding its health effects for regular consumers.  The main change lies in the diversification of the camel dairy products offered to the consumers.
  • 4.3K
  • 06 May 2021
Topic Review
Methanol
Methanol, an alcohol with an odor similar to that of ethanol, has been described to exist in low concentrations in the human organism and occurs naturally at a low level in most spirits, without conferring health risk if it exists within the legal limits. 
  • 4.3K
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Agriculture 5.0 and Remote Sensing
Constant industrial innovation has made it possible that 2021 has been officially marked by the European Commission as the beginning of the era of “Industry 5.0”. In this 5th industrial revolution, RS has the potential of being one of the most important technologies for today’s agriculture. RS sprouted in the 19th century (specifically in 1858) through the use of air balloons for aerial observations. At present, it occupies a central position in precision agriculture (PA) and soil studies. It is also important to mention some of the interchangeable terms most commonly used include “precision farming”, “precision approach”, “remote sensing”, “digital farming”, “information intensive agriculture”, “smart agriculture”, “variable rate technology (VRT)”, “global navigation satellite system (GNSS) agriculture”, “farming by inch”, “site specific crop management”, “digital agriculture”, “agriculture 5.0”, etc. RS is a vast term that covers various technological systems, such as satellites, RPAs, GNSS, geographic information systems (GIS), big data analysis, the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Everything (IoE), cloud computing, wireless sensors technologies (WST), decision support systems (DSS), and autonomous robots.
  • 4.3K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Bryophyllum sp.
The subgenus Bryophyllum belongs to genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae family) and includes about 25 plant species native to Madagascar, which are widely used in traditional medicine in vast regions throughout Africa, Asia and South Africa. Different formulations from bryophyllum (this term is proposed to be the common name to collectively refer to these species) have been employed for the treatment of several ailments, including infections, gynecological disorders, and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurological and neoplastic diseases. Two major families of secondary metabolites have been reported as responsible for these bioactivities: phenolic compounds and bufadienolides. These compounds are found in limited amounts in plants because they are biosynthesized in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, novel approaches should be undertaken with the aim of achieving the phytochemical valorization of Bryophyllum sp., allowing a sustainable production that prevents from a massive exploitation of wild plant resources. This review focuses on the study of phytoconstituents reported on bryophyllum; the application of plant tissue culture methodology as a reliable tool for the valorization of bioactive compounds; and the application of machine learning technology to model and optimize the full phytochemical potential of bryophyllum. As a result, bryophyllum species can be considered as a promising source of plant bioactive compounds, with enormous antioxidant and anticancer potential, which could be used for their large-scale biotechnological exploitation in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
  • 4.3K
  • 05 Jan 2021
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