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Topic Review
Xishuangbanna Cucumber: Current Status and Future Prospects
The Xishuangbanna (XIS) cucumber is an important botanical variety, accumulating high levels of β-carotene (700 μg/100 g) in the endocarp of mature fruit compared with normal green/white flesh types (25–50 μg/100 g, fresh weight). β-carotene is an essential precursor of provitamin A synthesis required for human health, thus XIS cucumber is an appealing germplasm for vitamin A breeding programs.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Citrus Pruning in the Mediterranean Climate
Pruning is a common practice in citrus for various reasons. These include controlling and shaping the canopy; improving phytosanitary health, productivity, and fruit quality; and facilitating operations such as harvesting and phytosanitary treatments. Because pruning is an expensive operation, its need is sometimes questioned. However, it has been proven to be particularly important in Mediterranean citriculture, which is oriented towards producing fruits for a high-quality demanding fresh market.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Specialty Cut Flowers
The objective of the study was to give an overview of the specialty cut flowers, their advantages and disadvantages and comparisons to the traditionally grown plants. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Roles of ERFs in Pathogen Response and Ripening
Fleshy fruits are generally hard and unpalatable when unripe; however, as they mature, their quality is transformed by the complex and dynamic genetic and biochemical process of ripening, which affects all cell compartments. Ripening fruits are enriched with nutrients such as acids, sugars, vitamins, attractive volatiles and pigments and develop a pleasant taste and texture and become attractive to eat. Ripening also increases sensitivity to pathogens, and this presents a crucial problem for fruit postharvest transport and storage: how to enhance pathogen resistance while maintaining ripening quality. Fruit development and ripening involve many changes in gene expression regulated by transcription factors (TFs), some of which respond to hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. Ethylene response factor (ERF) TFs regulate both fruit ripening and resistance to pathogen stresses. Different ERFs regulate fruit ripening and/or pathogen responses in both fleshy climacteric and non-climacteric fruits and function cooperatively or independently of other TFs. The research summarizes the current status of studies on ERFs that regulate fruit ripening and responses to infection by several fungal pathogens, including a systematic ERF transcriptome analysis of fungal grey mould infection of tomato caused by Botrytis cinerea. This deepening understanding of the function of ERFs in fruit ripening and pathogen responses may identify novel approaches for engineering transcriptional regulation to improve fruit quality and pathogen resistance.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Plant Growth and Development of Broccoli
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck.) is nowadays one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide, with an increasing demand by the market, due to its high nutritional value. From an agronomic point of view, the growth and development of broccoli can be divided into two stages; the first one starting from the transplanting to the onset of the head’s formation, which includes the meristem differentiation from vegetative to reproductive and the second one lasts from the onset of the head’s formation to its harvest. Both stages are strongly dependent on the environmental conditions (temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, etc.) during cultivation, but each stage responds differently to them, which in turn makes it difficult to predict the effects on crop yield and head quality. 
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Peat-Free Organic Substrates
Vegetable and ornamental crops require high input demand to adequately support their standard commercial quality and yield. For these crops, a very high level of agronomic use efficiency of many productive factors can be achieved in soilless culture. The challenges that we now face: (i) making soilless systems more inclusive of sustainable and eco-friendly growing substrates, possibly available at a local level; (ii) replacing chemicals with more sustainable products (e.g., organic active compounds) as much as possible for plant nutrition and protection. This may be addressed by different approaches, among which the adoption of peat-free organic substrates may play a central role. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Adventitious Root Formation in Plants
Adventitious root formation is defined as the formation of new roots on above-ground plant parts and is considered crucial for the survival of a plant under harsh environmental conditions (i.e., flooding, salt stress, and other abiotic stresses) as well as in the nursery industry. Clonal propagation is based on the ability of a plant part to grow and generate a completely new plant, genetically identical to the mother plant, where the plant part came from.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Selenium on the Growth of Tea Plants
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and it plays an important role in immune regulation and disease prevention. Tea is one of the top three beverages in the world, and it contains active ingredients such as polyphenols, theanine, flavonoids, and volatile substances, which have important health benefits. The tea tree has suitable Se aggregation ability, which can absorb inorganic Se and transform it into safe and effective organic Se through absorption by the human body, thereby improving human immunity and preventing the occurrence of many diseases. Recent studies have proven that 50~100.0 mg/L exogenous Se can promote photosynthesis and absorption of mineral elements in tea trees and increase their biomass. The content of total Se and organic selenides in tea leaves significantly increases and promotes the accumulation of polyphenols, theanine, flavonoids, and volatile secondary metabolites, thereby improving the nutritional quality of tea leaves. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Grape Tartaric Acid
Grape fruits are used for various purposes, including fresh consumption, juice extraction, drying, and wine production, with rich nutritional value. Tartaric acid (TA) is the primary organic acid present in grapes and a fundamental constituent of wine, responsible for shaping its taste, aroma, and overall quality. 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. 
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Salt Priming Impacts on Edible Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum L.
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is a nutritious edible facultative halophyte. They were cultivated with different percentages of artificial seawater (ASW). All plants were green and healthy. However, there were reductions in shoot and root productivity, and leaf growth. The concentrations of proline, ascorbic acid (ASC), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) increased as percentages of ASW increased. The salt-primed plants switched from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis and accumulated the greatest amounts of proline, ASC, and TPC. In conclusion, higher salinities and salt priming enhance nutritional quality of M. crystallinum L. but compromises productivity.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Biochar on Crop Production
Biochar (BC) is produced through the thermochemical decomposition of organic matter in a process known as pyrolysis. Importantly, the source of organic material, or ‘feedstock’, used in this process and different parameters of pyrolysis determine the chemical and physical properties of biochar. The incorporation of BC impacts soil–water relations and soil health, and it has been shown to have an overall positive impact on crop yield.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Graft Establishment in Fruit Trees
Plant grafting is a maneuver humans learned from nature and has been practiced since ancient times. The technique has long been applied for efficient propagation as well as for the modification of the traits of interest, such as stress tolerance, tree size, and fruit quality. Since grafting can enhance the environmental tolerance and disease resistance of a plant, its techniques are now used not only in tree species but also among vegetables. Despite such wide advantages of grafting, however, the potential cause behind a compatible graft establishment (scion-rootstock connection) is yet to be fully understood. As compared to succulent herbaceous plants, woody plants often take a longer time for the graft-take and the plants may exhibit incompatible/unsuccessful graft-establishment symptoms within a period ranging from months to years.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Green Husks of Persian Walnut
Green husks are the outer layer of walnut fruits. They form part of the agro-residues discarded away upon nut maturity in the walnut industry. A total of 83 individual phenolic compounds were identified in walnut husks, mainly consisting of naphthoquinones, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acids.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Life Cycle Cost Analysis for an Apple Orchard
The life-cycle cost analysis is a method used to assess long-term economic efficiency among equivalent competing processes or products. It is accepted that the role of the organic farming system is to produce fresh and authentic agri-food products and, at the same time, to protect and conserve the environment. For an apple orchard operated in an organic system, the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was performed within a system boundary, starting from the establishment stage of the orchard until the transportation stage, from the field to the warehouse and from the warehouse to retail stores for a 20-year life span of the orchard.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Phytochemical Composition of Prunus spinosa L.
Prunus spinosa L. is a perennial, thorny shrub, highly decorative for landscape and forest edges, belonging to the Rosaceae family, genus Prunus, representing one of the ancestors of P. domestica. Modern phytotherapeutics emphasizes the benefits of consuming parts or products based on the Prunus spinosa L. shrub, as it is considered a plant with functional nutritional and therapeutic properties, remarkable in various pathologies with increasing incidence. Up to now, research has shown that the polyphenols found in large amounts in the fruits of P. spinosa L. are biofunctional compounds. These include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarin derivatives.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Bacteriophage-Mediated Control of Phytopathogenic Xanthomonads
Xanthomonads, members of the family Xanthomonadaceae, are economically important plant pathogenic bacteria responsible for infections of over 400 plant species. Bacteriophage-based biopesticides can provide an environmentally friendly, effective solution to control these bacteria. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol has important advantages over chemical pesticides, and treatment with these biopesticides is a minor intervention into the microflora. However, bacteriophages’ agricultural application has limitations rooted in these viruses’ biological properties as active substances. These disadvantageous features, together with the complicated registration process of bacteriophage-based biopesticides, means that there are few products available on the market. 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Progression of Duboisia Micropropagation
Duboisia is an Australian native woody species of the Solanaceae family, a crucial source of alkaloids, and is naturally extracted for pharmaceuticals. The alkaloid content of the four naturally occurring species of Duboisia, i.e., Duboisia myoporoides R. Br., Duboisia leichhardtii F. Muell., Duboisia hopwoodii F. Muell. and Duboisia arenitensis, is not conducive for large-scale commercial extraction. High-value hybrids between D. myoporoides R. Br. and D. leichhardtii F. Muell. have become the commercial crop for the industry. Commercial propagation of this species by cuttings is associated with several challenges and has been a hurdle for industry expansion for many years. Micropropagation can be an efficient and sustainable alternative for Duboisia clonal propagation and is a faster and cleaner propagation avenue for elite propagules. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Management of Diseases in Horticulture
To reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment, there are relevant efforts to enhance the possibility of controlling plant diseases using environmentally friendly biocontrol agents or natural products that show pathogen control capacity. The European Union, FAO, and the United Nations largely promote and finance projects and programs in order to introduce crop protection principles that can attain sustainable agriculture. Preventive measures related to the choice of cultivars, soil fertility, integrated pest management (IPM), and organic farming strategies are still the basis for obtaining satisfactory crop yields and reducing classical pesticide utilisation through the application of commercially available and ecofriendly control agents. Effective pathogen detection at borders to avoid quarantine pathogens is mandatory to reduce the risk of future epidemics. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Repeated Plant Debris Reutilization as Organic Amendment
Greenhouse agriculture typically generates large amounts of waste with plant residue (agricultural biomass) being the most abundant. This residue is generated on a seasonal basis, which complicates the external management of the material. Recently, the European Union (EU) has been implementing a policy based on sustainability through the circular economy that seeks to minimize waste generation. The effect of reusing 3.5 kg·m-2 tomato plants from the previous season as the only fertilizer versus no fertilization and inorganic fertilization in 215-day tomato cycles after transplanting was studied in this trial. The study was carried out during three seasons in greenhouse agriculture in Almeria (Spain) with the repeated use of the solarization technique. The plant debris had similar production results during two of the three seasons and fruit quality parameters were similar to inorganic fertilization. In addition, some physicochemical variables improved and the biological depressive effect of solarization was mitigated. The results suggest that the reuse of the tomato plant debris as the only fertilizer could be an alternative to conventional fertilization under the conditions tested. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
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