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Topic Review
Microbiome in Oil Reservoirs
Microorganisms inhabiting subsurface petroleum reservoirs are key players in biochemical transformations. The interactions of microbial communities in these environments are highly complex and still poorly understood. This work aimed to assess publicly available metagenomes from oil reservoirs and implement a robust pipeline of genome-resolved metagenomics to decipher metabolic and taxonomic profiles of petroleum reservoirs worldwide. We noticed that the oil reservoirs with a lower level of intervention were the most similar to the potential functional core, while the oil fields with a long history of water injection had greater variation in functional profile. These results show how key microorganisms and their functions respond to the distinct physicochemical parameters and interventions of the oil field operations such as water injection and expand the knowledge of biogeochemical transformations in these ecosystems.
  • 1.5K
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Sound Perception in Plants
Plants have long been considered passive, static, and unchanging organisms, but this view is finally changing. More and more knowledge is showing that plants are aware of their surroundings, and they respond to a surprising variety of stimuli by modifying their growth and development. Plants extensively communicate with the world around them, above and below ground. Although communication through mycorrhizal networks and Volatile Organic Compounds has been known for a long time, acoustic perception and communication are somehow a final frontier of research. Perhaps surprisingly, plants not only respond to sound, they actually seem to emit sound as well. Roots emit audible clicks during growth, and sounds are emitted from xylem vessels, although the nature of these acoustic emissions still needs to be clarified. Even more interesting, there is the possibility that these sounds carry information with ecological implications, such as alerting insects of the hydration state of a possible host plant, and technological implications as well. Monitoring sound emissions could possibly allow careful monitoring of the hydration state of crops, which could mean significantly less water used during irrigation. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Animal Functional Traits Associated with Fire Sensitivity
Changes in fire regimes in the 21st century are posing a major threat to global biodiversity. In this scenario, incorporating species’ physiological, ecological, and evolutionary traits with their local fire exposure might facilitate accurate identification of species most at risk from fire. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Golden Perch
Freshwater ecosystems and their associated biota have been negatively impacted by the human development of water resources. Fundamental to restoration activities for target species is an understanding of the factors affecting population decline or recovery. Within Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin, recovery efforts to address the population decline of native freshwater fish include stock enhancement, habitat restoration, and the delivery of environmental water. Essential to guiding future management actions is information to assess the efficacy of these efforts. We undertook a study to investigate whether natural spawning and recruitment, stock enhancement, or a combination of the two is contributing to sustaining populations of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the highly regulated Lachlan River, Australia. Otolith microchemistry and genetic analyses were used as complementary tools to determine the source (hatchery origin or wild-spawned) of existing populations in the catchment. We identified that natural spawning and recruitment was contributing to riverine populations in some years but that populations were heavily reliant on stocking. It was not possible to distinguish hatchery and wild-born fish using genetic tools, highlighting the value of using multiple lines of evidence to establish causal mechanisms contributing to population recovery.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Rusty Grain Beetle
Cryptolestes ferrugineus, the rusty grain beetle, is a cosmopolitan pest that has adapted to cool and warm climates due to its unique biology, ecology, and behavior. The rusty grain beetle is a pest of high economic importance; hence, understanding their biology, ecology, and behavior could be useful in designing effective management strategies.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
EPLS' Change in Inner Mongolia
        There is increasing focus on the difficult challenge of realizing coordinated development of production, living and ecological spaces within the regional development process. An ecological–production–living space (EPLSs)evaluation index system was established in this study based on the concept of EPLSs and the relationship between land use function, land use type and the national standard of land use classification, to reveal the driving forces and patterns of variation in EPLSs in Inner Mongolia.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Plant Microbial Fuel Cells
PubMed (NCBI) has pointed to an exponential growth of publications on the subject of a “biofuel cell” in the first decade of our century, and this interest persisted throughout the following years. It should be noted that biofuel elements based on microorganisms (microbial fuel cells, MFCs) are a promising technology to produce bioelectricity since they simultaneously solve the problems of contamination with anthropogenic organic waste, which can be used by microorganisms as a source of carbon and energy.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Management Strategies of Peach–Potato Aphid Myzus persicae
The peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important pests of economic crops. It damages the plant directly by consuming nutrients and water and indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. This pest has the unenviable title of having resistance to more insecticides than any other herbivorous insect pest. Due to the development of its resistance to chemical pesticides, it is necessary to find other control options. Consequently, increased efforts worldwide have been undertaken to develop new management approaches for M. persicae. 
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Paleoparasitology
Paleoparasitology aims to study the natural history of parasitic organisms through the recovery of their preserved remains in archaeological, paleontological, paleoecological, and medical contexts. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Landolt Indicator Values in Modern Research
The conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability is essential for human well-being. An important tool for addressing this issue is ecological indicators. 
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Cerrado Ecosystems
The Cerrado is the richest savanna in the world and is undergoing one of the planet’s most rapid land transformations for pasture and agriculture; around 45% of the biome has been deforested. Agriculture is of strategic importance to Brazil, but it also modifies ecosystems and jeopardizes habitats and biodiversity. Well-managed agricultural lands can have a favorable impact on environmental conservation.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.; family Ericaceae), otherwise known as cowberry, partridgeberry, and foxberry, is an evergreen dwarf shrub with underground rhizomes widely distributed throughout Northern, Central European, Canadian, and Russian countries’ forests. Due to the promising health benefits, mainly associated with the high content of secondary metabolites—phenolics and triterpenoids—lingonberry leaves acquired prominent pharmaceutical potential and breeding value 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Invasive Alien Plants
Plant invasion is significantly affected by environmental factors in the recipient habitats and affects the stability and sustainable development of society. The invasiveness of alien plants may be increased by anthropogenic-mediated disturbances, such as fluctuations in nutrients caused by excessive emissions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). 
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Lichens, Mosses, and Vascular Plants in Biodeterioration
Biodeterioration is defined as the alteration of a given substrate due to a combination of physical and chemical factors produced by living organisms when attached to such materials. This phenomenon attracts scientific research attention due to its risk in causing destruction to outdoor cultural rock heritage sites. Trees and shrubs are the most harmful plant life forms, for example, Ficus carica, Ailanthus altissima, and Capparis spinosa, while regarding building materials, those characterized by high porosity, such as andesite and argillaceous limestone, are more vulnerable to plant colonization.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Anthropocene Cultural Landscapes for Sustainability
Cultural landscapes emerge from the artificialization of nature and the opening of the land, resulting in a landscape that conforms to the culture and the availability of technologies, thus creating a whole system with either higher or lower levels of life quality and sustainability. Three central elements operate interactively in the construction of cultural landscapes: the territory, the social actors who act in the territory, and the articulators (e.g., technology and regulations). The construction of cultural landscapes gives rise to a gradient of territorial typologies, including wildland, rural and urban, which have different requirements and consumption of resources and energy. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Seaweeds Compounds
Seaweeds’ compounds present important qualities for cosmetic application, such as low cytotoxicity and low allergens content. Several seaweeds’ molecules already demonstrated a high potential as a cosmetic active ingredient (such as, mycosporine-like amino acids, fucoidan, pigments, phenolic compounds) or as a key element for the products consistency (agar, alginate, carrageenan). Moreover, it focuses on the ecological and sustainable scope of seaweed exploitation to guarantee a safe source of ingredients for the cosmetic industry and consumers.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Multitrophic Interactions of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Crops, and Insects
Multitrophic interactions link several trophic levels, including plants, phytophagous, predators, parasitoids, and/or pathogens.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nepalese Alder
Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis), a plant of the alder genus Alnus in the family of Betulaceae, is described in the Flora of China as growing in river beach wetlands or gully terrace forests at a wide range of altitudes between about 700 and 3600 m. It grows fast in warm and humid environments, with a height exceeding 13 m over 5 years, and it has a strong carbon sequestration capacity.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Animals Microbially Mediated Chemical Ecology
Microbial symbionts are nowadays considered of pivotal importance for animal life. Among the many processes where microorganisms are involved, an emerging research avenue focuses on their major role in driving the evolution of chemical communication in their hosts. Volatiles of bacterial origin may underlie chemical communication and the transfer of social information through signals, as well as inadvertent social information.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Forensic Entomology and Space
The dynamics of forensic insects can operate at many spatial scales, manifest in different spatial patterns, and be attributed to multiple different causes. This highlights the importance for forensic entomology to consider spatial effects despite its neglect to date. Forensic entomology has much to benefit from the use of spatial statistics because many important questions, both at the fundamental and practical levels, require a spatial solution.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jan 2022
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