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Topic Review
Spare Parts with Additive Manufacturing of Aviation Industry
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a digital technology of layered fabrication by adding material where no cutting tool is required as in the case of a subtractive manufacturing process. AM is bridging the digital and physical world as a 3D computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) method. The usage of AM has made the supply chain of the aviation spare parts industry simpler, more effective, and efficient.
  • 2.8K
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Precision Machining by Dicing Blades
Diamond dicing blades are profound cutting tools that find their applications in semiconductor back-end packaging and assembly processes. To fully appreciate the benefits of the dicing blade technique for precision machining, a deeper understanding is required.
  • 2.8K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Machining of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V
Titanium alloys are extensively used in various industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance and outstanding mechanical properties. The machining of additively manufactured titanium alloys presents additional machining challenges as the alloys exhibit unique properties compared to their wrought counterparts, including increased anisotropy, strength, and hardness. The associated higher cutting forces, higher temperatures, accelerated tool wear, and decreased machinability lead to an expensive and unsustainable machining process.
  • 2.7K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
E-Textiles for Sports and Fitness Sensing
E-textiles have emerged as a fast-growing area in wearable technology for sports and fitness due to the soft and comfortable nature of textile materials and the capability for smart functionality to be integrated into familiar sports clothing.
  • 2.7K
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
High-Mix, Low-Volume Manufacturing Industry
The high-mix, low-volume (HMLV) industry has seen growth in the need for product customisation with research to increase manufacturers’ flexibility for the variation in market demands. Industries with HMLV insights are discussed, to reveal production sectors and research areas, categorising the research work, type of validation and their applications.
  • 2.7K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
MXene: Recent Advances in Applications
This entry covers major breakthroughs of MXene and applications.
  • 2.7K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Human–Machine Interface in Society 5.0
The blending of human and mechanical capabilities has become a reality in the realm of Industry 4.0. Human–machine interaction (HMI) is a crucial aspect of Society 5.0, in which technology is leveraged for solving social challenges and improving quality of life. The key objective of HMI is to create a harmonious relationship between humans and machines where they work together towards a common goal. This is achieved by focusing on the strengths of each component, with machines handling tasks that require speed and accuracy while humans focus on tasks that require creativity, critical thinking, and empathy. 
  • 2.7K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Cell Finishing Process Chain
The cell finishing process is the final stage in the production of a battery cell. Almost one third of the production costs of a battery cell are related to this part of the production. It includes a series of steps and technologies aimed at optimizing the battery cell’s performance, quality, and safety. The process is divided into three categories: pre-treatment, formation procedure, and quality testing. The order of the processes and the time required for each step can vary depending on the manufacturer and the cell format.
  • 2.7K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Development of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Thermal barrier coating is critical for thermal insulation technology, making the underlying base metal capable of operating at a melting temperature of 1150 °C. By increasing the temperature of incoming gases, engineers can improve the thermal and mechanical performance of gas turbine blades and the piston cylinder arrangement. Developments in the field of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have made this material suitable for use in a variety of fields, including the aerospace and diesel engine industries. Changes in the turbine blade microstructure brought on by its operating environment determine how long and reliable it will be. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-layer, composite and functionally graded coatings depends heavily on the deposition procedures used to create them. 
  • 2.6K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Copper/Carbon Composites Prepared by Infiltration Technique
The liquid metal infiltration of carbon preformed with copper and its alloys is already an established and well-known process. It is extensively used by the electronic industry to produce heat sinks of power electronics and electric contacts and sliding electric contacts. The advantage of the process is its ability to produce near net shape components with high volume fractions of carbon at a relatively low price. The process is carried out in a vacuum and with low applied pressure. However, a strong dependence on the temperature of infiltration and its precise control is significant for the sound final product. For certain pair carbon matrix–copper alloys, different results could be obtained according to the infiltration temperature. If the temperature is too low, the solidification may occur prior to complete infiltration (high final porosity). When the temperature is too high, undesirable reactions may occur at the fiber–matrix interface (e.g., corrosive carbides). Therefore, there are still a lot of scientific papers pushing this technology to new directions and over old limits. Publications inside scientific journals within this field deal with composite materials for sliding electrical contact and electrical contact materials, sealing materials, parts of brake disks, pantograph strips for high-speed railways, other electric and mechanical applications and even for wall surface shields in future fusion devices.
  • 2.5K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Digital Twins and Key Performance Indications
A dashboard application is proposed and developed to act as a Digital Twin that would indicate the Measured Value to be held accountable for any future failures. The dashboard is implemented in the Java programming language, while information is stored into a Database that is aggregated by an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) server. This achieves easy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) visualization through the dashboard.
  • 2.5K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Factors Related to Surface Roughness in Machining
Understanding surface roughness generation in machining is critical to estimate the final quality of the part, optimize cutting conditions, reduce costs and improve manufacturing sustainability in industry.
  • 2.5K
  • 25 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Flexible sensors, fabrication and materials
The use of flexible sensors has tripled over the last decade due to the increased demand in various fields including health monitoring, food packaging, electronic skins and soft robotics. Flexible sensors have the ability to be bent and stretched during use and can still maintain their electrical and mechanical properties. Additionally, flexible sensors can be packaged conformally with the device in order to enable the miniaturization of products. These advantages promote the used of flexible sensors over rigid sensors, the latter which can also often lose their sensitivity when subject to bending.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Utilization of Product Usage Information in Product Development
As emerging technologies such as IoT technologies become widespread, producers can collect large-scale product usage information (PUI) from different stakeholders, including retailers, customers, users, and the providers of product-related services such as maintenance, renting, and leasing. Its content, format, and quality are heterogeneous and cover, for example, service reports, review reports, and embedded systems’ measurements. This information provides producers a better understanding of user expectations, usage situations, product behavior, and performance.
  • 2.4K
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Total Productive Maintenance
Sustainable Total Productive Maintenance (STPM) arose in 2021 as a promising, new concept to fill the lack of sustainability in Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and allow companies to overcome its implementation barriers. It revolves around increasing the understanding of the systems approach and contributing to setting contemporary companies’ sustainable ideology by supporting orientation toward sustainability from a sustainable maintenance perspective. However, STPM is still in its infancy and is viewed as a complement to the traditional TPM approach and is based on its pillars. 
  • 2.4K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Welding between Batteries and Busbars for Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicle battery systems are made up of a variety of different materials, each battery system contains hundreds of batteries. There are many parts that need to be connected in the battery system, and welding is often the most effective and reliable connection method. Laser welding has the advantages of non-contact, high energy density, accurate heat input control, and easy automation, which is considered to be the ideal choice for electric vehicle battery manufacturing. In all the production processes of power battery packs, there is a key process, that is, the welding of a single lithium battery and the connector. This is the key to the quality of series and parallel lithium-ion battery cells, that is, the welding of the battery pole and the busbars. The quality of the welding here will directly affect the reliability of the quality of the lithium-ion battery pack used as a power source for electric vehicles.
  • 2.4K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Battery Safety
Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test).
  • 2.4K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Weld Pool Formation in Keyhole Plasma Arc Welding
The Keyhole Plasma Arc Welding (KPAW) process utilizes arc plasma highly constricted by a water-cooled cupper nozzle to produce great arc pressure for opening a keyhole in the weld pool, achieving full penetration to the thick plate. However, advanced control of welding is known to still be difficult due to the complexity of the process mechanism, in which thermal and dynamic interactions among the arc, keyhole, and weld pool are critically important. In KPAW, two large eddies are generally formed in the weld pool behind the keyhole by plasma shear force as the dominant driving force. These govern the heat transport process in the weld pool and have a strong influence on the weld pool formation process. The weld pool flow velocity is much faster than those of other welding processes such as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding, enhancing the heat transport to lower the weld pool surface temperature. Since the strength and direction of this shear force strongly depend on the keyhole shape, it is possible to control the weld pool formation process by changing the keyhole shape by adjusting the torch design and operating parameters. If the lower eddy is relatively stronger, the heat transport to the bottom side increases and the penetration increases. However, burn-through is more likely to occur, and heat transport to the top side decreases, causing undercut. In order to realize further sophistication of KPAW, a deep theoretical understanding of the process mechanism is essential. 
  • 2.4K
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Researchers are exploring the use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer Composites (NFRPC) to bridge the gap between sustainability and material performance. Natural fiber composites are a viable option for several applications due to their low production cost. Possible applications include car bodies and interiors, storage devices, walls and ceilings in commercial and industrial spaces, and even false ceilings.
  • 2.4K
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion
Laser-based powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), formerly SLM, is one of the seven Additive Manufacturing basic process categories in the new standards. 
  • 2.4K
  • 01 Apr 2021
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