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Topic Review
MXene: Recent Advances in Applications
This entry covers major breakthroughs of MXene and applications.
  • 2.6K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Precision Machining by Dicing Blades
Diamond dicing blades are profound cutting tools that find their applications in semiconductor back-end packaging and assembly processes. To fully appreciate the benefits of the dicing blade technique for precision machining, a deeper understanding is required.
  • 2.6K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Human–Machine Interface in Society 5.0
The blending of human and mechanical capabilities has become a reality in the realm of Industry 4.0. Human–machine interaction (HMI) is a crucial aspect of Society 5.0, in which technology is leveraged for solving social challenges and improving quality of life. The key objective of HMI is to create a harmonious relationship between humans and machines where they work together towards a common goal. This is achieved by focusing on the strengths of each component, with machines handling tasks that require speed and accuracy while humans focus on tasks that require creativity, critical thinking, and empathy. 
  • 2.5K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Cell Finishing Process Chain
The cell finishing process is the final stage in the production of a battery cell. Almost one third of the production costs of a battery cell are related to this part of the production. It includes a series of steps and technologies aimed at optimizing the battery cell’s performance, quality, and safety. The process is divided into three categories: pre-treatment, formation procedure, and quality testing. The order of the processes and the time required for each step can vary depending on the manufacturer and the cell format.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Machining of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V
Titanium alloys are extensively used in various industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance and outstanding mechanical properties. The machining of additively manufactured titanium alloys presents additional machining challenges as the alloys exhibit unique properties compared to their wrought counterparts, including increased anisotropy, strength, and hardness. The associated higher cutting forces, higher temperatures, accelerated tool wear, and decreased machinability lead to an expensive and unsustainable machining process.
  • 2.5K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Obtaining Titanium and Its Alloys
Titanium and its alloys are widely employed in the aerospace industry, and their use will increase in the future. Titanium is mainly produced by the Kroll method, but this is expensive and energy-intensive. Therefore, the research of efficient and sustainable methods for its production has become relevant. 
  • 2.4K
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Digital Twins and Key Performance Indications
A dashboard application is proposed and developed to act as a Digital Twin that would indicate the Measured Value to be held accountable for any future failures. The dashboard is implemented in the Java programming language, while information is stored into a Database that is aggregated by an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) server. This achieves easy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) visualization through the dashboard.
  • 2.4K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Development of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Thermal barrier coating is critical for thermal insulation technology, making the underlying base metal capable of operating at a melting temperature of 1150 °C. By increasing the temperature of incoming gases, engineers can improve the thermal and mechanical performance of gas turbine blades and the piston cylinder arrangement. Developments in the field of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have made this material suitable for use in a variety of fields, including the aerospace and diesel engine industries. Changes in the turbine blade microstructure brought on by its operating environment determine how long and reliable it will be. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-layer, composite and functionally graded coatings depends heavily on the deposition procedures used to create them. 
  • 2.4K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Utilization of Product Usage Information in Product Development
As emerging technologies such as IoT technologies become widespread, producers can collect large-scale product usage information (PUI) from different stakeholders, including retailers, customers, users, and the providers of product-related services such as maintenance, renting, and leasing. Its content, format, and quality are heterogeneous and cover, for example, service reports, review reports, and embedded systems’ measurements. This information provides producers a better understanding of user expectations, usage situations, product behavior, and performance.
  • 2.4K
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Total Productive Maintenance
Sustainable Total Productive Maintenance (STPM) arose in 2021 as a promising, new concept to fill the lack of sustainability in Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and allow companies to overcome its implementation barriers. It revolves around increasing the understanding of the systems approach and contributing to setting contemporary companies’ sustainable ideology by supporting orientation toward sustainability from a sustainable maintenance perspective. However, STPM is still in its infancy and is viewed as a complement to the traditional TPM approach and is based on its pillars. 
  • 2.4K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Flexible sensors, fabrication and materials
The use of flexible sensors has tripled over the last decade due to the increased demand in various fields including health monitoring, food packaging, electronic skins and soft robotics. Flexible sensors have the ability to be bent and stretched during use and can still maintain their electrical and mechanical properties. Additionally, flexible sensors can be packaged conformally with the device in order to enable the miniaturization of products. These advantages promote the used of flexible sensors over rigid sensors, the latter which can also often lose their sensitivity when subject to bending.
  • 2.4K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Battery Safety
Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test).
  • 2.3K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion
Laser-based powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), formerly SLM, is one of the seven Additive Manufacturing basic process categories in the new standards. 
  • 2.3K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fused Filament Printing Process
Additive manufacturing technologies are used in various high-tech industries. Additive methods for the production of prostheses, implants and other products of complex geometric shapes made of polymer materials are being actively studied and introduced. A large number of studies are associated with the use of polylactide (PLA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyamides and other biocompatible materials when printing using fused filament/granular fabrication (FFF/FGF).
  • 2.3K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning towards Digital Additive Manufacturing
Machine learning is a type of deep learning. First in the machine learning (ML) process is the manual extraction of relevant image characteristics. These characteristics are also used to classify the image according to its particular characteristics. Researchers focused primarily on digital additive manufacturing, one of the most significant emerging topics in Industry 4.0.
  • 2.3K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Copper/Carbon Composites Prepared by Infiltration Technique
The liquid metal infiltration of carbon preformed with copper and its alloys is already an established and well-known process. It is extensively used by the electronic industry to produce heat sinks of power electronics and electric contacts and sliding electric contacts. The advantage of the process is its ability to produce near net shape components with high volume fractions of carbon at a relatively low price. The process is carried out in a vacuum and with low applied pressure. However, a strong dependence on the temperature of infiltration and its precise control is significant for the sound final product. For certain pair carbon matrix–copper alloys, different results could be obtained according to the infiltration temperature. If the temperature is too low, the solidification may occur prior to complete infiltration (high final porosity). When the temperature is too high, undesirable reactions may occur at the fiber–matrix interface (e.g., corrosive carbides). Therefore, there are still a lot of scientific papers pushing this technology to new directions and over old limits. Publications inside scientific journals within this field deal with composite materials for sliding electrical contact and electrical contact materials, sealing materials, parts of brake disks, pantograph strips for high-speed railways, other electric and mechanical applications and even for wall surface shields in future fusion devices.
  • 2.3K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Welding between Batteries and Busbars for Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicle battery systems are made up of a variety of different materials, each battery system contains hundreds of batteries. There are many parts that need to be connected in the battery system, and welding is often the most effective and reliable connection method. Laser welding has the advantages of non-contact, high energy density, accurate heat input control, and easy automation, which is considered to be the ideal choice for electric vehicle battery manufacturing. In all the production processes of power battery packs, there is a key process, that is, the welding of a single lithium battery and the connector. This is the key to the quality of series and parallel lithium-ion battery cells, that is, the welding of the battery pole and the busbars. The quality of the welding here will directly affect the reliability of the quality of the lithium-ion battery pack used as a power source for electric vehicles.
  • 2.3K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
A New Product Development Model for SMEs
The success of new product development (NPD) is of vital importance for the growth and prosperity of manufacturing companies. Complex product demands are increasing and companies must be able to produce the right products at the right time and at an affordable price; otherwise, they can quickly lose their competitive advantage. Especially vulnerable are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that can find it difficult to compete with larger companies on a global market and are also more prone to suffer from potential losses related to unsuccessful NPD, as they have a smaller set of both financial and non-financial resources. In order to survive in today’s highly competitive global market, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have had to transition from sequential to concurrent product development, which significantly shortens development cycles, reduces costs, and ensures high product quality. 
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
AA 6061 Metal Matrix Composites
AA 6061 is an aluminium alloy that has extensive applications due to its superior material characteristics. It is a popular choice of matrix for aluminium matrix composite (AMC) fabrication. Stir casting method is widely for fabricating AA 6061 composites with reinforcements such as SiC, B4C, Al2O3, TiC, other inorganic, organic, hybrid and nanomaterials. An increase in reinforcement content enhances the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Hybrid composites show better material properties than single reinforcement composites. 
  • 2.2K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
3DP Medicines and Medical Devices
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. This document provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized medicines and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations.
  • 2.2K
  • 17 May 2022
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