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Topic Review
Green Purchase
   Green purchase refers to the green product purchase activities conducted by consumers to save resources and protect the environment.    Green marketing refers to the marketing activities (including price, plan, process, production, promotion, and personnel) designed by enterprises for all consumers. The purpose of these activities is to minimize the environmental impact of the company's products and service.    Many companies have changed their production strategies to actively respond to environmental problems and changes in consumers' environmental attitudes. They abandoned products that are relatively polluting to the environment or harmful to human health and turned to environmental protection products. Although manufacturers have produced environmentally friendly products, many consumers are not interested in their products due to their consumption values, resistance to new technologies, or their resistance to the premium prices charged for these new products, which leads to sales obstacles for these products. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to understand the influencing factors of consumers' green product purchase behavior for green marketing.
  • 3.2K
  • 16 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Project-Based Learning in the English Language
Project-Based Learning (PBL), or Problem-Based Learning, is a pedagogical strategy that has cultivated an interest in reading and enhancing English language comprehension. This approach is founded on the premise that students acquire knowledge and skills most effectively when engaged in meaningful and practical projects, as opposed to mere rote memorization.
  • 3.2K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology: Research and Applied
Blockchain being a leading technology in the 21st century is revolutionizing each sector of life. Services are being provided and upgraded using its salient features and fruitful characteristics. Businesses are being enhanced by using this technology. Countries are shifting towards digital currencies i.e., an initial application of blockchain application. It omits the need of central authority by its distributed ledger functionality. This distributed ledger is achieved by using a consensus mechanism in blockchain. A consensus algorithm plays a core role in the implementation of blockchain. Any application implementing blockchain uses consensus algorithms to achieve its desired task.
  • 3.2K
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Core (Game Theory)
In cooperative game theory, the core is the set of feasible allocations that cannot be improved upon by a subset (a coalition) of the economy's agents. A coalition is said to improve upon or block a feasible allocation if the members of that coalition are better off under another feasible allocation that is identical to the first except that every member of the coalition has a different consumption bundle that is part of an aggregate consumption bundle that can be constructed from publicly available technology and the initial endowments of each consumer in the coalition. An allocation is said to have the core property if there is no coalition that can improve upon it. The core is the set of all feasible allocations with the core property.
  • 3.2K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Police Vehicles in Belgium
Before 2001, there were several police forces in Belgium: After the reform of 2001, there are only two police forces:
  • 3.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Stress Exposure
Stress could be defined as an organism's entire response to environmental demands or strains. Exposure to highly stressful or traumatic events, depending on the stage of life in which stress exposure occurs, could severely affect limbic structures, including the amygdala, and lead to alterations in social and affective behaviors.
  • 3.2K
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Prevention and Control Strategies for Maize White Spot
Maize white spot (MWS), caused by the bacterium Pantoea ananatis, is a serious disease that significantly impacts maize production and productivity. Researchers from various countries worldwide have conducted extensive research on this pathogen, including its isolation and identification, the localization of resistance genes, transmission pathways, as well as potential control measures.
  • 3.2K
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MAPK/ERK Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information transduction from extracellular stimuli to the intracellular space. The transduction of information leads to changes in the ongoing metabolic pathways and the modification of gene expression patterns. In the central nervous system, ERK is expressed ubiquitously, both temporally and spatially. The MAP-ERK pathway is a key element of the neuroinflammatory pathway triggered by glial cells during the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as prionic diseases. The process triggered by MAPK/ERK activation depends on the stage of development (mature or senescence), the type of cellular element in which the pathway is activated, and the anatomic neural structure. However, extensive gaps exist with regards to the targets of the phosphorylated ERK in many of these processes.
  • 3.2K
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Bit Manipulation Instruction Sets
Bit Manipulation Instructions Sets (BMI sets) are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture for microprocessors from Intel and AMD. The purpose of these instruction sets is to improve the speed of bit manipulation. All the instructions in these sets are non-SIMD and operate only on general-purpose registers. There are two sets published by Intel: BMI (here referred to as BMI1) and BMI2; they were both introduced with the Haswell microarchitecture. Another two sets were published by AMD: ABM (Advanced Bit Manipulation, which is also a subset of SSE4a implemented by Intel as part of SSE4.2 and BMI1), and TBM (Trailing Bit Manipulation, an extension introduced with Piledriver-based processors as an extension to BMI1, but dropped again in Zen-based processors).
  • 3.2K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Duck
Duck is the common name for numerous species in the waterfowl family Anatidae which also includes swans and geese. Ducks are divided among several subfamilies in the family Anatidae; they do not represent a monophyletic group (the group of all descendants of a single common ancestral species) but a form taxon, since swans and geese are not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than the swans and geese, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water. Ducks are sometimes confused with several types of unrelated water birds with similar forms, such as loons or divers, grebes, gallinules and coots.
  • 3.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
ESG Measurement
Investors are currently obliged to take environment, social, and governance (ESG) issues into consideration as part of their fiduciary duty. As such, it becomes increasingly important to identify sustainable investments that also hold financial value. A sector where this is especially underdeveloped is real estate.
  • 3.2K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Role of ABA in Plant Growth
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. 
  • 3.2K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is finding increasing use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors, both in their characterisation, including during successive phases of sensor construction, and in application as a quantitative determination technique.
  • 3.2K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Humans
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. In humans, biological sex is determined by five factors present at birth: the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, the type of gonads, the sex hormones, the internal reproductive anatomy (such as the uterus), and the external genitalia. Genetic sex is determined solely by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. A child's presumed sex is determined at birth by observation of the external genitalia. Sex differences generally refer to traits that are sexually dimorphic. A subset of such differences is hypothesized to be a product of the evolutionary process of sexual selection.
  • 3.2K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biomolecular Targeted Covalent Inhibitors
Introduction of artificial structure(s) into a middle-sized therapeutic biomolecule, which would often add a superior function to the drug molecule, is easier than that into an antibody. In this direction, introducing a reactive warhead structure into such therapeutic biomolecules to create BIOmolecular Targeted Covalent Inhibitors (abbreviated as bioTCIs). It would create precise and safe covalent drugs that semi-permanently inhibit the target protein activity upon binding and the duration of the drug effect is only limited by the target protein turnover. Regardless of the modalities, all bioTCIs reduce the skepticism of small-molecule TCIs’ safety concerns because bioTCIs can stringently recognize and conjugate only to the target proteins. Among them, oligonucleotide-type bioTCIs possess unique features, such as nuclease resistance and on-demand-reversal of the drug action with the complementary-strand antidote, which circumvents another major limitation to clinical translation of the aptamer drugs.
  • 3.2K
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Privatization in Australia
Privatization in Australia is the process of transiting a public service or good to the private sector through a variety of mechanisms that was commenced by the Federal Government in the 1990s, receiving bipartisan support. More generally, privatization is a set of economic policies that is part of a broader system of deregulation of government services, underpinned by the ideology of neoliberalism, in order to achieve economic outcomes of growth, efficiency and productivity. Some examples of sectors that have been privatized include finance, telecommunications and infrastructure. Australia's public service has also transformed with the introduction of New Public Management (NPM) in the late twentieth century which altered public administration models to appear more "business-like" through performance evaluations that emphasize efficiency, productivity and service delivery. Another definition of privatization is reliance on "more on private institutions and less on government, to satisfy people’s needs”. The concept of privatization can be construed in a narrow or broad sense. The narrow scope of privatization is portrayed as the sale of public goods, while the broader understanding of privatization involves the transfer of "ownership, management, finance and control" of public goods to private actors. Historically, the Australian government played an influential role in society as the idea of a strong state was prevalent to the Australian story since Federation. This changed in the twentieth-century, as Australia’s adoption of privatization as a set of government policies, reflected the rise of privatization across the Western world, specifically in the United States and United Kingdom. The Australian experience of privatization involves substituting government ownership, provision and funding to the private sector, in an attempt to liberalize the economy. The effectiveness of such policies is contested, as the motivations of privatization are widely debated.
  • 3.2K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Heat Pump
The Heat Pump (HP) is an environmentally friendly and renewable energy technology that exploits renewable heat energy from the ground, air or water for building or industrial applications by reversing the natural heat flow from a lower to a higher useful temperature. HP technology is commonly classified according to its source, function, type of energy and application. The HPs in cold climate countries are accepted as one of the most outstanding technologies of heating in both residential and commercial buildings, because they provide high seasonal performance factor (SPF), 1.8–3.4 for air source heat pump (ASHP) and 2.5–5.6 for ground source heat pump (GSHP) and water source heat pump (WSHP). However, the spread is large, because of different equipment, design and installation quality as well as maintenance. 
  • 3.2K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation Techniques and Growth Conditions
Microalgae, constituting a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, span from fundamental blue-green algae (cyanobacteria/prokaryotes) to complex seaweeds, rendering them one of the most diverse groups in the biological kingdom.
  • 3.2K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Tumor Spheroids and Organoids
Understanding and investigating tumors is carried out by researchers using a number of different methods. One exciting and promising area is 3D tumor models including spheriod and organoid models. They act in similar ways to tumors which means we can use them to gather important information. This ranges from the way tumors react through to how different treatments may work on tumors. Ultimately they may help guide us towards the types of drugs and therapies that could be used to treat tumors. This work gives an overview of these technologies, the types of 3D models available and how they can be used to improve treatments and their applications in personalized medicine. 
  • 3.2K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Mental Health and Well-Being amongst Graduate Students
The mental health and well-being of graduate students are of increasing concern worldwide, and though it started as an implicit recognition that students suffer poor mental health, it has expanded into an area of publicly argued concern.
  • 3.2K
  • 05 May 2022
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