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Topic Review
Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART. HIV-associated cardiovascular complications encompass a broad spectrum of diseases that involve the myocardium, pericardium, coronary arteries, valves, and systemic and pulmonary vasculature. Traditional risk stratification tools do not accurately predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of various HIV-related cardiovascular complications. 
  • 881
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Ozone Therapy
ozone therapy can induce an adaptive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, which could be potentially useful in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. 
  • 878
  • 31 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cas12-Based CRISPR-Dx
Based on the current development in the field of diagnostics, the programmable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system appears to be a promising technology that can be further explored to create rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools for both laboratory and point-of-care (POC) testing.
  • 878
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Sulfur Metabolism of the Gut Microbiome/Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer diagnosed in individuals under 50 years old is called early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), and its incidence has been rising worldwide. Simultaneously occurring with increasing obesity, this worrisome trend is partly explained by the strong influence of dietary elements, particularly fatty, meaty, and sugary food. An animal-based diet, the so-called Western diet, causes a shift in dominant microbiota and their metabolic activity, which may disrupt the homeostasis of hydrogen sulfide concentration. Bacterial sulfur metabolism is recognized as a critical mechanism of EOCRC pathogenesis.
  • 878
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Education (CoVE)
The COVID-19 vaccine is being rolled out globally. High and ongoing public uptake of the vaccine relies on health and social care professionals having the knowledge and confidence to actively and effectively advocate it. An internationally relevant, interactive multimedia training resource called COVID-19 Vaccine Education (CoVE) was developed using ASPIRE methodology. This rigorous six-step process included: (1) establishing the aims, (2) storyboarding and co-design, (3) populating and producing, (4) implementation, (5) release, and (6) mixed-methods evaluation aligned with the New World Kirkpatrick Model. Two synchronous consultations with members of the target audience identified the support need and established the key aim (Step 1: 2 groups: n = 48). Asynchronous storyboarding was used to co-construct the content, ordering, presentation, and interactive elements (Step 2: n = 14). Iterative two-stage peer review was undertaken of content and technical presentation (Step 3: n = 23). The final resource was released in June 2021 (Step 4: >3653 views). Evaluation with health and social care professionals from 26 countries (survey, n = 162; qualitative interviews, n = 15) established that CoVE has high satisfaction, usability, and relevance to the target audience. Engagement with CoVE increased participants’ knowledge and confidence relating to vaccine promotion and facilitated vaccine-promoting behaviours and vaccine uptake. The CoVE digital training package is open access and provides a valuable mechanism for supporting health and care professionals in promoting COVID-19 vaccination uptake.
  • 877
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Living with Advanced Breast Cancer
Survivors of advanced breast cancer (ABC), also known as metavivors, are often left with fewer treatment options in the landscape of a cure culture. Metavivors have unique psychosocial and physical needs distinct from patients with early-stage breast cancer. 
  • 877
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Effectiveness of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Balance
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is one of the most popular treatments for enhancing upper and lower extremity motor activities and participation in patients following a stroke. However, the effect of CIMT on balance is unclear and needs further clarification. Recent evidence indicate that CIMT interventions can improve balance-related motor function better than neuro developmental treatment, modified forced-use therapy and conventional physical therapy in patients after a stroke.
  • 876
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Side Effects and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines
Coronavirus vaccines were well-tolerated, safe, and produced an immune response against the virus in most cases. Most postvaccine side effects were mild to moderate, which indicated the building of immunity by the body for protection.
  • 875
  • 16 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Relationship between Severe Asthma and Nasal Polyps
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease worldwide and can be categorized into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is common in patients with asthma and, particularly, severe asthma. Severe asthma is effectively treated with biologics and the coexistence of severe asthma with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps presents a phenotype that is more likely to respond to such treatment.
  • 875
  • 02 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Quality of Life and IBD
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disabling conditions, characterized by an unpredictable course with flare-ups and periods of remission, that frequently affect young people and require lifelong medical follow-up and treatment. For years, the main endpoints of IBD treatment had been clinical remission and response, followed by biomarker normalization and mucosal healing. In the last decades, different therapies have been proved to be effective to treat IBD and the use of patient reported outcome (PRO) have become more relevant. Therefore, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that has been defined as the value assigned to the duration of life influenced by physical and mental health, has been suggested as an important endpoint for IBD management since multiple studies have shown that IBD impairs it, both physically and psychologically. 
  • 873
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Natural Polyphenols and Cancer
Natural compounds with anticancer properties are capable of killing transformed or cancerous cells without being toxic to healthy cells. Most fruits and vegetables consumed with food are made up of bioactive molecules belonging to the family of polyphenols, a group of natural compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom; this group is varied, and to date, more than 8000 phenolic structures are known. Polyphenols are classified according to chemical structure, and their subdivision is represented in.
  • 873
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Recessive Achromatopsia in Original Braunvieh Cattle
Sporadic occurrence of inherited eye disorders has been reported in cattle but so far pathogenic variants were found only for rare forms of cataract but not for retinopathies.
  • 872
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
SiRNA and Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death and is the fourth most malignant tumor in men. The epigenetic and genetic alterations appear to be responsible for development of PC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful genetic tool that can bind to its target and reduces expression level of a specific gene. The various critical genes involved in PC progression can be effectively targeted using diverse siRNAs. 
  • 870
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Relationship between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Executive Functions
Subjective cognitive complaints correspond to a heterogeneous construct that frequently occurs in the early stages of older adult life. Despite being a common source of worry for middle-aged people, it can be underestimated when clinical and neuropsychological assessments discard any underlying pathological processes. Negative age stereotyping but also self-stereotyping can contribute to doing so. Although its diagnosis is a challenge, its implication as a possible predictor of mild cognitive impairment or dementia increases the interest in its early diagnosis and intervention.
  • 870
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Computation of Fetal Kicking
Fetal movement has always been considered an essential indicator to evaluate the health of the unborn fetus. Many factors affect fetal movement. The frequency of fetal kicking is an important measurement of whether fetal development is progressing and healthy.
  • 868
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Neuropsychological Outcomes Associated with COVID-19
Survivors of COVID-19 often report subjective, cognitive complaints following infection, grossly characterized by cognitive inefficiency or “brain fog”. The nature of their objective, neuropsychological presentations are only beginning to be characterized. Risk factors predictive of neuropsychological outcomes post-infection remain under study. The contagiousness and quick rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, as well as the significant impact of COVID-19 disease on public health, make the study of COVID-19 on neuropsychological functioning particularly important. 
  • 868
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Microfluidic Platform for COVID-19
Spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the public health and economic sectors. It is urgently necessary to develop rapid, convenient, and cost-effective point-of-care testing (POCT) technologies for the early diagnosis and control of the plague’s transmission. Developing POCT methods and related devices is critical for achieving point-of-care diagnosis. The POCT devices based on microfluidic technology on the market, including paper-based microfluidic, centrifugal microfluidic, optical fluid, and digital microfluidic platforms.
  • 866
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Anti-tobacco Messages for Aboriginal Pregnancy
Messages from peer-reviewed papers were compared against the content of health promotion campaigns for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander pregnant women from Australia. Empirical studies highlighted women sought holistic care that incorporated nicotine replacement therapy, engaged with their family and community and the potential for education about smoking cessation to empower a woman. Health promotion campaigns had a strong focus on ‘engagement with family and community’, ‘knowledge of risks of smoking,’ ‘giving up vs cutting down’ and ‘culture in language and arts’. There were similarities and variances in the key themes in the research evidence and promotion materials. Topics highly aligned included risks from smoking and quitting related issues. 
  • 865
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Meconium Microbiota
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia during gestation. Microbial organisms within the gut—the “gut microbiome”—might contribute to metabolic diseases, including GDM.
  • 865
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Personalized Medicine and Health Care
Generally Big data is define as "data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity, also known as three Vs". Big data in health care is a fast-growing field and a new paradigm that is transforming case-based studies to large-scale and data-driven research. Big data is dependent on advancement of new data standards and modern technologies related to advanced research. Therefore, the future development of big data applications holds foreseeable promise in the modern day health care revolution. The immensely amount of large and rapidly growing of biomedical omics and clinical data create major challenges and opportunities for their analysis and interpretation and open new computational gateways to address these issues.
  • 865
  • 05 May 2022
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