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Topic Review
Mg-Based Hydrogen Absorbing Materials
Chemical heat storage is one of the most promising alternatives for thermal energy storage (TES) due to its high energy density, low energy loss, flexible temperature range, and excellent storage duration. Mg-based materials are pretty suitable for the heat storage application. In the hydrogen storage area, Mg-based materials are promising candidates due to the large abundant reserve in the crust, the light weight of Mg element, and high hydrogen storage capacity.
  • 974
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Overcoming the Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy
The transition to renewable energy is essential for reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. However, implementing renewable energy on a large scale is not without challenges. This research explores the key challenges associated with implementing renewable energy on a large scale, including intermittency, energy storage, infrastructure, policy barriers, security risks, and political issues. In addition, this research discusses potential solutions to these challenges, such as advancements in energy storage technology, improvements in infrastructure, supportive policies and regulations, and the role of IoT, AI, and blockchain technology. The research also provides recommendations for policymakers to facilitate the transition to renewable energy on a large scale. Finally, the research highlights some open challenges and future directions for the deployment of renewable energy technologies.
  • 974
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Catalysts in Biomass Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is establishing itself as one of the leading technologies for the conversion of virtually any type of biomass feedstock into drop-in biofuels and renewable materials.
  • 974
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Halide Materials for Photovoltaics
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) photovoltaics have emerged as a promising new technology for the next generation of photovoltaics since their first development 10 years ago, and show a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 29.3%. The power-conversion efficiency of these perovskite photovoltaics depends on the base materials used in their development, and methylammonium lead iodide is generally used as the main component. Perovskite materials have been further explored to increase their efficiency, as they are cheaper and easier to fabricate than silicon photovoltaics, which will lead to better commercialization. Even with these advantages, perovskite photovoltaics have a few drawbacks, such as their stability when in contact with heat and humidity, which pales in comparison to the 25-year stability of silicon, even with improvements are made when exploring new materials. To expand the benefits and address the drawbacks of perovskite photovoltaics, perovskite–silicon tandem photovoltaics have been suggested as a solution in the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. This tandem photovoltaic results in an increased PCE value by presenting a better total absorption wavelength for both perovskite and silicon photovoltaics.
  • 971
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Energetic Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Lignocellulosic biomass, derived from plant cell walls, has gained significant attention as a promising renewable energy source due to its abundance, low cost, and potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable and carbon-neutral energy solutions has driven extensive research on the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable energy products. This biomass type is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with each component presenting unique challenges and opportunities for effective valorization. The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass involves a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert its complex structure into high-energy-density fuels and chemicals.
  • 969
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing in Critical Infrastructure System
Additive manufacturing methods are among the technologies that have extremely versatile and a broad potential for use in many fields. However, it should be considered that in relation to critical infrastructure, they can also be considered from the traditional point of view of production systems allowing for the manufacture of machine and equipment components. At the same time, they can be an element of the system, performing functions in crisis situations to sustain the operation of strategic technical equipment, such as the production of spare parts by 3D printing in the absence of access to original parts.
  • 968
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle in Energy-V2G, V2H, V2V
Electric vehicles (EVs) are inducing revolutionary developments to the transportation and power sectors. Their innumerable benefits are forcing nations to adopt this sustainable mode of transport. Governments are framing and implementing various green energy policies. Nonetheless, there exist several critical challenges and concerns to be resolved in order to reap the complete benefits of E-mobility. The impacts of unplanned EV charging are a major concern. Accurate EV load forecasting followed by an efficient charge scheduling system could, to a large extent, solve this problem. This entry focuses on short-term EV demand forecasting using three learning frameworks, which were applied to real-time adaptive charging network (ACN) data, and performance was analyzed. Auto-regressive (AR) forecasting, support vector regression (SVR), and long short-term memory (LSTM) frameworks demonstrated good performance in EV charging demand forecasting. Among these, LSTM showed the best performance with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4 kW and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 5.9 kW.
  • 968
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Energy Situation of Pakistan
Pakistan has been facing energy crises as a result of its reliance on imported fossil fuels, circular debt, political instability, and absurd energy policies. However, the country has abundant renewable energy resources which, if harnessed, may help to effectively cope with ever-increasing energy demand. The economic situation of the country has remained severely stressed, and energy sector performance has been compromised over the years for various underlying reasons. The energy policy narrative in the early decades of the post-independence period focused on water resource management, whereas energy concerns were only realized in the late 1960s as demand grew. The first-ever energy and power planning study in Pakistan was conducted in 1967, and since then, various studies have been conducted to support the medium-term development plans of the government. These planning studies inspired further development, and in 1994, the first-ever electricity-focused power policy was announced by the government in response to industrial growth and subsequent electricity demand. However, this and subsequent policies were fossil-fuel-centric until 2006, when the government announced the first-ever renewable energy policy. This 2006 policy focused on increasing renewable energy penetration in the overall energy mix by setting specific targets. However, these targets have rarely been accomplished as a result of a lack of an effective planning paradigm, as most of studies have been conducted without sound demand forecasting and without considering renewable energy’s potential to meet growing demand. As such, planning efforts based on proven methodologies/modeling tools and the undertaking of demand forecasts and renewable energy assessments are inevitable for countries such as Pakistan.
  • 967
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen is emerging as a new energy vector outside of its traditional role and gaining more recognition internationally as a viable fuel route. Among the most potential renewable energy sources for hydrogen production are solar and wind. The production of H2 from renewable sources derived from agricultural or other waste streams increases the flexibility and improves the economics of distributed and semi-centralized reforming with little or no net greenhouse gas emissions.
  • 965
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Oxy-Fuel Combustion Technology for Electricity and Hydrogen Production
Modern trends in improving environmental safety have determined the urgency in creating innovative technologies that allow the production of electricity and hydrogen without the emission of harmful substances. However, at the moment, there are not so many technical solutions offering the combined production of these useful products with a high degree of efficiency and environmental friendliness. The transition to oxy-fuel combustion power cycles for the co-production of electricity and hydrogen is a prospective way to decrease carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere from the energy sector.
  • 961
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology and Artificial Intelligence
In response to the urgent need to address climate change and reduce carbon emissions, there has been a growing interest in innovative approaches that integrate AI and CDR technology.
  • 961
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
SRI Gaps and Future Perspectives
In 2018, the European Commission adopted the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) concept in the recast of the directive on the energy efficiency of buildings. The set of SRIs is a measure of the intelligence of buildings systems, and its promotion is expected to contribute to the energy savings of the building sector. T
  • 958
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Natural Gas Boiler Optimization Technologies
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that has been widely used for various purposes, including residential and industrial applications. The combustion of natural gas, despite being more environmentally friendly than other fossil fuels such as petroleum, yields significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the optimization of natural gas consumption is a vital process in order to ensure that emission targets are met worldwide. On top of that, the emergence of technologies such as smart homes, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence provides opportunities for the development of automated optimization solutions, which can utilize data acquired from the boiler and various sensors in real-time, implement consumption forecasting methodologies, and accordingly provide control instructions in order to ensure optimal boiler functionality.
  • 954
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Adsorption Factors in Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery
Enhanced coal bed methane recovery using gas injection can provide increased methane extraction depending on the characteristics of the coal and the gas that is used. Accurate prediction of the extent of gas adsorption by coal are therefore important. Both experimental methods and modeling have been used to assess gas adsorption and its effects, including volumetric and gravimetric techniques, as well as the Ono–Kondo model and other numerical simulations. Thermodynamic parameters may be used to model adsorption on coal surfaces while adsorption isotherms can be used to predict adsorption on coal pores. In addition, density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo methods may be employed. 
  • 951
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Potential of Energy Harvesting Sources in Electric Vehicles
Energy harvesting, a cutting-edge technology that captures wasted energy from vehicles, constitutes a means to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles. Dissipated energy can be converted into electricity using regenerative energy recovery systems and put to various uses.
  • 951
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used in portable electric devices and electric vehicles (EVs) for years due to their high energy and power densities, satisfactory cycle life and the affordable materials and manufacturing costs. To meet the growing market demand for cheaper and more efficient energy storage technologies for EVs and power grids, higher energy storage density and efficiency, and a longer cycle life should be achieved in the next generation of LIBs. Silicon (Si) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for next generation negative electrode (negatrode) materials in LIBs due to its much higher theoretical specific charge capacity than the current commercial negatrode (carbon-based).
  • 943
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Industrial Microgrids Based on Renewable Energy
Electric microgrids based mainly on renewable energies have seen a big expansion due to the great advantages they present against fossil fuels. Nowadays different governments are becoming aware of the use of environmentally friendly energies, so progressive investment has been granted to the consumers in Spain. It should be noted that in applications using renewable energies, the use of energy storage systems (ESS) has been implemented with the aim of improving the reliability of the system to avoid the intermittent nature of energy generation. Most of these ESS use lithium-ion batteries and sodium–sulfur batteries having high power and energy densities and high efficiency. Many industrial activities are gradually giving an opportunity to this type of MG system of renewable energy (RE) with EES. 
  • 933
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Energy Development: History and Progress
Sustainable energy development (SED) is a crucial component of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), aiming to maintain economic and social progress while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change’s effects. SED serves as a transition paradigm for sustainable development, providing a blueprint for energy peace and prosperity for people and all uses.
  • 926
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Biogas Production from Maize Silage after Acid-Heat Pretreatment
One of the most effective technologies involving the use of lignocellulosic biomass is the production of biofuels, including methane-rich biogas. In order to increase the amount of gas produced, it is necessary to optimize the fermentation process, for example, by substrate pretreatment.
  • 923
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Storage and Transportation Methods of Hydrogen
Hydrogen is one of the most common elements occurring in nature, and its potential as a source of energy has long attracted the attention of scientists and engineers. In addition to environmental cleanliness, one of the main advantages of hydrogen is its high energy density; this means that small amounts of hydrogen can be used to produce a large energy bulk. In addition, hydrogen can be obtained from several sources, including water, biomass, and various gases, such as methane, which makes it more affordable and cost-effective. The great number of different methods of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation dictate the need to develop approaches to selecting the most promising “hydrogen supply chains” in order to identify the most economically advantageous ways to supply fuel to industrial consumers.
  • 922
  • 14 Aug 2023
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