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Topic Review
Bud derivatives for human health
The use of herbal food supplements, as a concentrate form of vegetable extracts, increased so much over the past years to count them among the relevant sources of dietetic polyphenols. Bud-derivatives are a category of botanicals perceived as a “new entry” in this sector since they are still poorly studied. Due to the lack of a manufacturing process specification, very different products can be found on the market in terms of their polyphenolic profile depending on the experimental conditions of manufacturing. In this research two different manufacturing processes, using two different protocols, and eight species (Carpinus betulus L., Cornus mas L., Ficus carica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus montana Mill., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Tilia tomentosa Moench), commonly used to produce bud-derivatives, have been considered as a case study. An untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint of the extracts, coupled to chemometrics, provide to be a useful tool to identify these botanicals. The targeted phytochemical fingerprint by HPLC provided a screening of the main bud-derivatives polyphenolic classes highlighting a high variability depending on both method and protocol used. Nevertheless, ultrasonic extraction proved to be less sensitive to the different extraction protocols than conventional maceration regarding the extract polyphenolic profile.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
The Effect of Music on Livestock
The welfare of animals, especially those kept in intensive production systems, is a priority for modern agriculture. This stems from the desire to keep animals healthy, to obtain a good-quality final product, and to meet the demands of today’s consumers, who have been increasingly persuaded to buy organic products. As a result, new sound-based methods have been pursued to reduce external stress in livestock. Music therapy has been known for thousands of years, and sounds were believed to improve both body and spirit. Today, they are mostly used to distract patients from their pain, as well as to treat depression and cardiovascular disorders. However, recent studies have suggested that appropriately selected music can confer some health benefits, e.g., by increasing the level and activity of natural killer cells. For use in livestock, the choice of genre, the loudness of the music and the tempo are all important factors. Some music tracks promote relaxation (thus improving yields), while others have the opposite effect. 
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Edible Aquatic Insects: Diversities, Nutrition, and Safety
Edible insects have great potential to be human food; among them, aquatic insects have unique characteristics. In contrast with the role of plant feeders that most terrestrial edible insect species play, most aquatic edible insects are carnivorous animals. Besides the differences in physiology and metabolism, there are differences in fat, fatty acid, limiting/flavor amino acid, and mineral element contents between terrestrial and aquatic insects.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mountain Weasel
The Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica), a sleek and agile carnivore, inhabits the high-altitude regions of Asia, showcasing remarkable adaptations to life in mountainous terrains. Known for its elusive nature and diverse range of habitats, the Mountain Weasel plays a vital role in alpine ecosystems, preying on small mammals and contributing to the delicate balance of these high-altitude environments.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Agronomic of Zinc on Yield
Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are essential plant nutrients and their deficiency in soils and antagonistic effect of P on Zn are the important concerns world-over. Thus, a two-year (2012-13 to 2013-14) experimentation was carried out to assess grain yield, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of wheat by various levels of P and Zn. The results revealed that 50% Recommended Dose of P (RDP) through phospho-enriched compost (PEC) + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil application of 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 + one foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O recorded significantly higher grain yield (4.81 and 4.61 t ha-1, respectively), straw yield (7.20 and 6.92 t ha-1, respectively) and protein content (11.5% and 11.3%, respectively). The concentrations of Zn in grain (35.6%) and straw (57.3%) was not affected due to organic P application but 100% P through P fertilizer reduced the Zn content in the grains. Both soil and foliar application of Zn was found more promising in increasing Zn and Fe concentration in grains (37.5 and 30.9 mg kg-1, respectively)  and straw (60.3 and 398 mg kg-1, respectively). Overall, the treatment combination of 50% RDP through PEC + 50% RDP through fertiliser and soil applied 12.5 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 + one spray of 0.5% Zn was beneficial in reducing antagonistic effect of P on Zn and increasing Zn and Fe concentration in wheat grain and, thus, could be used for improving the yield of Zn and Fe enriched wheat grains.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Heat Stress on Rabbit Production
Heat stress is a major environmental stress that causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Compared to other agricultural animals, rabbits are more sensitive to heat stress as they have fewer sweat glands and a thicker coat of fur, increasing the heat dissipation complexity.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Neo-Tropical Rodent Meat
Non-domestic neo-tropical animals have tremendous potential as a source of meat for human consumption. Rodents such as the lappe (Agouti paca), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), and the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) have been identified as having great potential to be domesticated. These rodents have been used in rural villages by hunters as a source of meat protein.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SDGs and Sweet Potato Cultivation
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), will shape national development plans up to 2030. SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger) and 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) are crucial for the poor, given they target the basic human needs for development and fundamental human rights. Most poor and malnourished people in developing countries live in rural areas and engage in farming as a key part of their livelihoods, with food and agriculture at the heart of their development concerns. Crops that can provide both food and energy without detrimental impacts on soil or water resources can be particularly beneficial for local development and smallholder farmers. Sweet potato, in particular, is attracting growing attention from researchers and policymakers as it has the potential to address these global problems in a sustainable way. 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Snow Leopard Landscapes
High Asia, the high-altitude habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), covers the mountainous regions of Asia’s twelve countries, including Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The transboundary landscape occupied by snow leopards covers an area of about 3.0247 million square kilometers. China possesses about 60% of the global snow leopard landscape, and China shares its border with 10 (the only exception being Uzbekistan) out of the total 12 snow leopard range countries. The snow leopard is an umbrella species from the high-altitude transboundary Asian regions. It is a threatened carnivore of an elusive and secretive nature. Globally, the population of snow leopards is estimated to be 4500–7500 animals in the wild.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Agricultural Soils
Globally, agricultural soils are being evaluated for their role in climate change regulation as a potential sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) through sequestration of organic carbon as soil organic matter. Scientists and policy analysts increasingly seek to develop programs and policies which recognize the importance of mitigation of climate change and insurance of ecological sustainability when managing agricultural soils.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Plants and Phytoplasmas
Plant pathogen presence is very dangerous for agricultural ecosystems and causes huge economic losses. Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted wall-less bacteria living in plants, only in the phloem tissues and in the emolymph of their insect vectors. They are able to manipulate several metabolic pathways of their hosts, very often without impairing their life. The molecular diversity described (49 ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species and about 300 ribosomal subgroups) is only in some cases related to their associated symptomatology.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Evapotranspiration
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important in understanding the hydrological cycle and improving water resource management. The operational simplified surface energy balance (SSEBop) model can be set up quickly for the routine monitoring of ET. Several studies have suggested that the SSEBop model that simulated ET has performed inconsistently across the United States. There are few detailed studies on the evaluation of ET simulated by SSEBop in other regions. To explore the potential and application scope of the SSEBop model, more evaluation of the ET simulated by SSEBop is clearly needed. We calculated the SSEBop model-based ET (ETSSEBopYRB) with the input of MOD11A2 and climate variables in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China. We also compared the ETSSEBopYRB with eight coarse resolution ET products, including China ETMTE produced by the upscaling energy flux method, China ETCR generated by the nonlinear complementary relationship model, three global products based on the logic of Penman-Monteith (ETPMLv2, ETMODIS and ETBESS), two global ET products based on the surface energy balance (ETSEBS, ETSSEBopGlo), and integrated ET products based on the Bayesian model averaging method (ETGLASS), by the annual ET derived from the water balance method (WB-ET) in fourteen catchments. We found that ETSSEBopYRB and the other eight ET products were able to explain 23 to 52% variability in water balance ET of fourteen small catchments in YRB. ETSSEBopYRB has better agreement with WB-ET than ETSEBS, ETMODIS, ETCR and ETGLASS, with a lower RMSE (88.3 mm yr-1 vs 121.7 mm yr-1), higher R2 (0.49 VS 0.43) and lower absolute RPE (–3.3% VS –19.9%) during the years 2003–2015. We also found that the uncertainties of the spatial pattern of the average annual ET and the ET trend are still large in different ET products. Third, we found that the free global ET product derived from the SSEBop model (ETSSEBopGlo) highly underestimated the annual total ET trend of the YRB. Poor performance of the land surface temperature product of MOD11A2 in 2015 caused the large ETSSEBopYRB uncertainty at eight-day scale and monthly scale. Further evaluation of the ET based on the SSEBop model in site measurements is needed.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz)
Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) is a protein and oilseed crop belonging to the family Brassicaceae.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Method of Pest Control in Insects
Modern agriculture and public health management both depend heavily on insect pest control. It includes a range of tactics and strategies meant to control and lessen the negative effects that insect pests have on human, animal, and agricultural populations.Chemical pesticides are a primary method of controlling insect pests. These chemicals are intended to target particular pests and disturb their life cycles or kill them. However, a heavy dependence on pesticides can result in damage to non-target creatures, environmental contamination, and pesticide resistance. Consequently, integrated pest management (IPM) has grown in popularity. IPM incorporates several tactics, such as mechanical measures (traps and barriers), cultural practices (rotation crops or modifying planting timings), and biological management (using natural predators or parasites to reduce pest populations). This minimizes the need for chemical treatments. Sustainable and environmentally friendly pest management techniques have become more popular recently, placing a focus on the use of biopesticides (naturally occurring organisms or their derivatives) and genetically modifying crops to ward off pests. Furthermore, developments in monitoring technology like remote sensing and data analytics assist farmers in making wise choices about pest control. Finally, insect pest management is a complex enterprise that has evolved to strike a balance between the need for pest mitigation and worries about the environment and human health, eventually maintaining food security and the health of ecosystems.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Derivatives
This review deals with the utilization of chitin and chitosan derivatives in agriculture. In particular it summarizes recent results concerning the utilization of these compounds to face biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition the review summarizes recent results about the utilization of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for the recovery of waste water and soil contaminaded by different chemicals
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Green Technologies Applied in Fruit and Vegetable Beverages
Green technologies can enhance nutraceutical content and/or availability, even after their incorporation into foods and beverages.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Food Plants in Rural Home Gardens (Bulgaria)
The home garden is a unique human-nature interspace that accommodates a diverse spectrum of plant species and provides multiple services to households. One of the most important roles of home gardens is to shelter the agricultural plant diversity that provides for diverse and healthy nutrition, especially in rural communities. 
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores
Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment.Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biogenic Amine Production by LAB
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered important biogenic amine (BA) producers in fermented foods. These compounds derive from amino acid decarboxylation through microbial activities and can cause toxic effects on humans, with symptoms (headache, heart palpitations, vomiting, diarrhea) depending also on individual sensitivity. Many studies have focused on the aminobiogenic potential of LAB associated with fermented foods, taking into consideration the conditions affecting BA accumulation and enzymes/genes involved in the biosynthetic mechanisms.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Heavy Metals-Induced Oxidative Stress in Poultry
Oxidative stress in chickens caused by dietary, environmental, and pathological variables influences how well chickens perform as well as the quality of meat and eggs. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are two examples of heavy metals that are harmful for chicken health. They can cause oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and blocking antioxidants from protecting cells from increased amounts of free radicals. The oxidative state of heavy metals, their interactions with endogenous antioxidants, and chemical processes all affect how hazardous they are to the body. 
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Apr 2023
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