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Topic Review
Drag
In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers (or surfaces) or between a fluid and a solid surface. Unlike other resistive forces, such as dry friction, which are nearly independent of velocity, the drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the velocity for low-speed flow and the squared velocity for high speed flow, where the distinction between low and high speed is measured by the Reynolds number. Even though the ultimate cause of drag is viscous friction, turbulent drag is independent of viscosity. Drag forces always tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.
  • 3.5K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Platelet Properties of Apple Cider
Fermented alcoholic beverages, including apple cider, have been shown to provide several functional properties with health benefits when consumed in moderation. The beneficial functional properties of apple cider have been attributed to the plethora of its bio-functional compounds, including its phenolic content and anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet polar lipids (PL). More specifically, fermentation of apple juices from different apple varieties produced apple ciders containing PL and phenolic bioactives with anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties against human platelet aggregation induced by the inflammatory and thrombotic mediator, platelet activating factor (PAF), but also by a classic platelet agonist, adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Similar outcomes were also observed in the wastes, apple cider by-products (apple pomace), from all these apple cider production procedures.
  • 3.5K
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Ashtavinayaka
Ashtavinayak (Marathi: अष्टविनायक) literally means "eight Ganeshas" in Sanskrit. Ganesh is the Hinduism/Hindu deity of unity, prosperity & learning and removes obstacles. The term refers to eight Ganeshas. Ashtavinayaka yatra trip refers to a pilgrimage to the eight Hindu temples in Maharashtra state of India that house eight distinct idols of Ganesh, in a pre-ascertained sequence. The Ashtavinayak yatra or pilgrimage covers the eight ancient holy temples of Ganesh which are situated around Pune. Each of these temples has its own individual legend and history, as distinct from each other as the murtis in each temple. The form of each murti of Ganesh and His trunk are distinct from one another. However, there are other temples of eight Ganesh in various other parts of Maharashtra; the ones around Pune are more well known than the former. It is believed to be for completion of Ashtavinayak Yatra visit the first Ganpati after visiting all the eight Ganpatis again, to complete the yatra.
  • 3.5K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Reactors Design
The photoreactors design and concepts vary based on the working regime (static or dynamic), photocatalyst morphology (powders or bulk) and volume.
  • 3.5K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Interpersonal Relationship
Interpersonal relationships refer to the social connections and interactions between individuals, characterized by emotional bonds, communication, and mutual influence. These relationships encompass various forms, including friendships, familial ties, romantic partnerships, and professional connections, playing a crucial role in shaping individuals' social and emotional well-being.
  • 3.5K
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Satellite Constellations
The New Space Economy encourages constellations of satellites that are being proposed in large numbers by private companies. They will provide communication, enable global monitoring of Earth, and enhance space observation. Mostly enabled by technology miniaturization, satellite constellations require a coordinated effort to face the technological limits in spacecraft operations and space traffic. In this Topic Review, we provide a survey of the upcoming satellite constellations and an overview of future challenges to be faced.
  • 3.5K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
Pediatric obesity is a multifaceted disease that can impact physical and mental health. It is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. In most cases lifestyle and behavioral modification as well as medical treatment led to poor short-term weight reduction and long-term failure. Thus, bariatric surgery should be considered in adolescents with moderate to severe obesity who have previously participated in lifestyle interventions with unsuccessful outcomes.
  • 3.5K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Battery Energy Storage and Management in Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicle (EV) technology has received massive attention worldwide due to its improved performance efficiency and significant contributions to addressing carbon emission problems. In line with that, EVs could play a vital role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). EVs have a substantial influence on various goals of sustainable development, such as affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, industry, economic growth, and climate actions.
  • 3.5K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
The Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. 
  • 3.5K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Achievement Orientation
Achievement orientation refers to how an individual interprets and reacts to tasks, resulting in different patterns of cognition, affect and behavior. Developed within a social-cognitive framework, achievement goal theory proposes that students’ motivation and achievement-related behaviors can be understood by considering the reasons or purposes they adopt while engaged in academic work. The focus is on how students think about themselves, their tasks, and their performance. In general, an individual can be said to be “mastery” or “performance” oriented, based on whether one's goal is to develop one's ability or to demonstrate one's ability, respectively. Achievement orientations have been shown to be associated with individuals’ academic achievement, adjustment, and well-being.
  • 3.5K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ontological Turn
The ontological turn broadly relates to a development in a number of philosophical and academic disciplines that led to an increased focus on being. The ontological turn in anthropology is not concerned with anthropological notions of culture, epistemology, nor world views. Instead, the ontological turn generates interest in being in the world and accepts that different world views are not simply different representations of the same world. Rather, people have different perspectives and people see the world in different ways, but the world is still the world. Therefore, the ontological turn refers to a change in perspective that suggests that difference can be understood, not in terms of a difference in world views, but a differences in worlds and all of these worlds are of equal validity.
  • 3.5K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Intermediates
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is a series of chemical reactions used in aerobic organisms to generate energy via the oxidation of acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins. 
  • 3.5K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Neuromarketing and Its Challenges and Limitations
Neuromarketing is a hybrid field involving three main fields: neuroscience, psychology, and marketing. Neuromarketing uses neuroscience technology (e.g., electroencephalography (EEG)) to study, explore, and understand consumers’ unconscious behavior in response to marketing and advertising research. Neuromarketing refers to the academic use of neuroscience to study and better understand the neural and physiological responses of the customer, such as decision making, emotions, attention, and memory, in response to marketing stimuli including television advertisements.
  • 3.5K
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Determination of Steroids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence
Steroids are compounds widely available in nature and synthesized for therapeutic and medical purposes. Although several analytical techniques are available for the quantification of steroids in clinical samples, their analysis is challenging due to their low levels and complex matrices. The efficiency and quick separation of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with the sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, and cost-efficiency of fluorescence, make HPLC coupled to fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) an ideal tool for routine measurement and detection of steroids for clinical and medical applications.
  • 3.5K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Asymptomatic Patients and Immune Subjects
An asymptomatic patient is someone who contracts a disease but shows no symptoms. An immune subject is a person who is free from virus infection. Both of these categories of people experience the limitations of government imposed by a pandemic situation, with one important difference. Probably only the first subjects contribute, in spite of themselves, to the spread of the disease and to the contagion of the people most susceptible to the virus. This implies that their detection is essential to limit infections. Therefore, knowing the characteristics of these people and those immune to the virus can be extremely useful in mitigating the effects of the disease and/or defeating it.
  • 3.5K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Occultism in Nazism
Nazism and occultism describes a range of theories, speculation and research into the origins of Nazism and its possible relation to various occult traditions. Such ideas have been a part of popular culture since at least the early 1940s, during World War II, and gained renewed popularity starting in the 1960s. There are documentaries and books on the topic, among the most significant are The Morning of the Magicians (1960) and The Spear of Destiny (1972). Nazism and occultism has also been featured in numerous films, novels, comic books and other fictional media. Some good examples are the film Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and the comic book series Hellboy. Historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke analyzed the topic in The Occult Roots of Nazism in which he argued there were in fact links between some ideals of Ariosophy and Nazi ideology. He also analyzed the problems of the numerous popular occult historiography books written on the topic. He sought to separate empiricism and sociology from the modern mythology of Nazi occultism that exists in many books which "have represented the Nazi phenomenon as the product of arcane and demonic influence". He considered most of these to be "sensational and under-researched".
  • 3.5K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems
The application of inventions or products from nanotechnology has revolutionised all aspects of everyday life ranging from medical applications to its impact on the food industry. Nanoparticles have made it possible to significantly extend the shelf lives of food product, improve intracellular delivery of hydrophobic drugs and improve the efficacy of specific therapeutics such as anticancer agents. 
  • 3.5K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mapping Paddy Rice with Remote-Sensing
Paddy rice is a staple food of three billion people in the world. Timely and accurate estimation of the paddy rice planting area and paddy rice yield can provide valuable information for the gov-ernment, planners and decision makers to formulate policies.
  • 3.5K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
List of Volcanic Eruptions on Iceland
This is a list of recorded volcanic eruptions on Iceland.
  • 3.5K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the additional opportunistic pathogenic mycobacterial complex groups that consists of M. avium, M. marinum, M. hemophilum, M. kansasii, M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae. They do not cause TB; however, they can produce pulmonary infections, lymphadenitis, skin disease, endometritis and disseminated disease. Thus, NTM are denoted by other names such as environmental mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) and atypical mycobacteria (ATM) [1–4].
  • 3.5K
  • 06 Nov 2020
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