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Topic Review
Ocean Biogeographic Information System
The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is a web-based access point to information about the distribution and abundance of living species in the ocean. It was developed as the information management component of the ten year Census of Marine Life (CoML) (2001-2010), but is not limited to CoML-derived data, and aims to provide an integrated view of all marine biodiversity data that may be made available to it on an open access basis by respective data custodians. According to its web site as at July 2018, OBIS "is a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development." 8 specific objectives are listed in the OBIS site, of which the leading item is to "Provide [the] world's largest scientific knowledge base on the diversity, distribution and abundance of all marine organisms in an integrated and standardized format".
  • 651
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Slovio
Slovio (from the Slavic word "slovo") is a constructed language begun in 1999 by Mark Hučko. Hučko claims that the language should be relatively easy for non-Slavs to learn as well, as an alternative to languages such as Esperanto which are based more on Latin root words.
  • 645
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cultural Heritage Topics in Online Queries
New communication channels and methods for retrieving information can provide increasingly precise data describing how cultural heritage is perceived, protected, promoted, and shared. Many internet users search for cultural-heritage-related topics using online search engines and databases. 
  • 645
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Merging Ontologies and Data from Electronic Health Records
The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a system for collecting and storing patient medical records as data that can be mechanically accessed, hence facilitating and assisting the medical decision-making process. EHRs exist in several formats, and each format lists thousands of keywords to classify patients data. The keywords are specific and are medical jargon; hence, data classification is very accurate. As the keywords constituting the formats of medical records express concepts by means of specific jargon without definitions or references, their proper use is left to clinicians and could be affected by their background, hence the interpretation of data could become slow or less accurate than that desired.
  • 644
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Application of Blockchain Technology in Patient-Centric Healthcare Systems
Healthcare data are considered sensitive and confidential, and storing these sensitive data in traditional (i.e., centralized) databases may expose risks, such as penetration or data leaks. Furthermore, patients may have incomplete health records since they visit various healthcare centers and leave their data scattered in different places. One solution to resolve these problems and permit patients to own their records is a decentralized personal health record (PHR); this can be achieved through decentralization and distribution systems, which are fundamental attributes of blockchain technology.
  • 643
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Active File Mode Transition Mechanism in File Synchronization
A cloud file synchronization service keeps the contents of files on a local device and in remote cloud storage the same. With a file synchronization service, users can always keep their files on multiple devices up to date through cloud storage, and they can also use a backup function. As file synchronization services become more common, the capacity of local storage and remote cloud storage increases, and the capacity of the two storages become different.
  • 638
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Zero-Trust Marine Cyberdefense for IoT-Based Communications
Integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into marine cyberdefense systems can address the lack of trustworthiness and low interpretability inherent in complex black-box Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) models. XAI has emerged as a pivotal focus in achieving a zero-trust cybersecurity strategy within marine communication networks. 
  • 635
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
SMARTEN—A Sample-Based Approach towards Privacy-Friendly Data Refinement
SMARTEN applies a revised data refinement process that fully involves domain experts in data pre-processing but does not expose any sensitive data to them or any other third-party. 
  • 631
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Ensemble Techniques in E-Learning Student’s Performance
Educational institutions have dramatically increased in recent years, producing many graduates and postgraduates each year. One of the critical concerns of decision-makers is student performance. Educational data mining techniques are beneficial to explore uncovered data in data itself, creating a pattern to analyze student performance.
  • 627
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
XBRL GL
The XBRL Global Ledger Taxonomy Framework (XBRL GL) is a holistic and generic XML and XBRL-based representation of the detailed data that can be found in accounting and operational systems, and is meant to be the bridge from transactional standards to reporting standards, integrating the Business Reporting Supply Chain. XBRL GL is developed by the XBRL GL Working Group of XBRL International. XBRL GL can be used by Computer programs for information interchange of accounting General ledger balances (summarized information) as well as complete accounting ledgers (payables, receivables, inventory, payroll, order entry, purchasing, banking) supporting object oriented accounting, quantity accounting and transparency support. The instance documents (XML files) can also be viewed in Web browsers using XSL or programmatically; it can also be carried in Inline XBRL. XBRL is designed to standardize the data, processes and rules of Business Reporting as a whole, although most implementations focus on financial reporting. XBRL GL can support the detail and integrate to all manners of reporting, financial, tax, sustainability, statistics and otherwise, and carry both quantitative and qualitative information.
  • 626
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection by Deep-Learning Technique
Medical professionals can benefit greatly from deep-learning-based systems that automate the interpretation of retinal pictures and provide objective and consistent assessments of the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Deep-learning (DL)-based screening methods can test a large diabetic population for DR. Deep-learning algorithms can monitor the course of diseases over time by evaluating successive retinal images.
  • 623
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Keystroke Dynamics as a Language Profiling Tool
Understanding the distinct characteristics of unidentified Internet users is helpful in various contexts, including digital forensics, targeted advertising, and user interaction with services and systems. Keystroke dynamics (KD) enables the analysis of data derived from a user’s typing behaviour on a keyboard as one approach to obtain such information. 
  • 622
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Applications in Manufacturing Industry
The existing literature notes a range of potential benefits that digital twin (DT) projects can deliver, including efficiency gains, waste reduction, and improved decision-making, and DTs are also considered integral to smart manufacturing environments and Industry 4.0. Research on three DT projects in a German multi-national concludes that digital twin projects are likely to involve incremental rather than disruptive change, and that successful implementation is usually underpinned by ensuring technology, people and process change factors are progressed in a balanced and integrated fashion. Building upon existing frameworks, three “properties” are identified as being of particular value in digital twin projects - workforce adaptability, technology manageability and process agility–and a related set of steps and actions is put forward as a template and point of reference for future digital twin implementations.
  • 614
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
VGG-C Transform Model to Predict Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurobiological brain disorder that continuously kills brain cells and causes deficits in memory and thinking skills, eventually accelerating the loss of the ability to perform even the most basic tasks. Early detection and automatic AD classification have emerged, resulting in large-scale multimodal neuroimaging results. Other methods of AD research include MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and genotype sequencing results. Analyzing different modalities to make a decision is time consuming.
  • 608
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Keystroke Dynamics in Personal Characteristics Protection
The rapid development of information and communication technologies and the widespread use of the Internet has made it imperative to implement advanced user authentication methods based on the analysis of behavioural biometric data. In contrast to traditional authentication techniques, such as the simple use of passwords, these new methods face the challenge of authenticating users at more complex levels, even after the initial verification. This is particularly important as it helps to address risks such as the possibility of forgery and the disclosure of personal information to unauthorised individuals. Users can be categorised using keystroke dynamics, in terms of the age group they belong to and in terms of their educational level, with high accuracy rates, which is a strong indication for the creation of applications to enhance user security and facilitate their use of Internet services.
  • 604
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Personal Data Security
As time goes by, information and communication technology continue to advance. Since the pandemic, the need for information and communication technology has risen to aid us in working and studying from home. One of the forms of information and communication technology is social media. Social media is where users can connect with other users in different regions, upload content as images or videos, express themselves freely, and get responses or reactions from other users (likes and comments). However, behind all those, social media can also be a place full of threats towards the personal data of its users. 
  • 596
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Assessment Automation of Complex Student Programming Assignments
Grading student programming assignments is not an easy task. This task is even more challenging when talking about complex programming assignments at university graduate level. By complex assignments, researchers mean assignments where students have to program a complete application from scratch. For example, building a complete web application with a client and server side, whereby the application uses multiple threads that gather data from some external service (like the REST service, IoT sensors, etc.), processes these data and store them in some storage (e.g., a database), implements a custom protocol over a socket or something similar, implements their own REST/SOAP/GraphQL service, then sends or receives JMS/MQTT/WebSocket messages, etc. Such assignments give students an inside view of building real Internet applications. On the other hand, assignments like these take a long time to be tested and graded manually, e.g., up to 1 h per student. To speed up the assessment process, there are different automation possibilities that can check for the correctness of some application parts without endangering the grading quality.
  • 595
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Data Completeness and Imputation Methods on Supervised Classifiers
Data completeness is one of the most common challenges that hinder the performance of data analytics platforms. Different studies have assessed the effect of missing values on different classification models based on a single evaluation metric, namely, accuracy. However, accuracy on its own is a misleading measure of classifier performance because it does not consider unbalanced datasets.
  • 591
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Managing Access to Confidential Documents
User adoption and usage of end-to-end encryption tools is an ongoing research topic. A subset of such tools allows users to encrypt confidential emails, as well as manage their access control using features such as the expiration time, disabling forwarding, persistent protection, and watermarking. 
  • 590
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain-Based AuthenticationProtocol Design
The HIDA protocol we proposed is a secure and efficient identity verification protocol in cloud computing environments. The protocol uses federated chain technology to securely isolate entities in the trust domain, and combines zero-knowledge proof technology to further protect user data. Federated chain technology isolates interaction between different entities in their respective chains, achieving secure data isolation. Zero-knowledge proof technology can prove user identity information without revealing their true identity. Subsequent access management allows users to prove their identity with a brief credential, greatly improving access efficiency. We conducted formal semantic analysis and simulations, proving the protocol's high efficiency and reliability in practical applications. These research results provide new ideas and technical support for identity verification in cloud environments, providing valuable references for achieving more secure and efficient cloud computing application scenarios.
  • 579
  • 06 Jun 2023
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