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Topic Review
Electroanalysis of Ibuprofen and Bovine Serum Albumin
Under optimized conditions, the designed sensing platform was found to sense IBP up to a 28 nM limit of detection. The interaction of ibuprofen (IBP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry. IBP−BSA binding parameters such as the binding constant and the stoichiometry of complexation were calculated. IBP and BSA form a single strong complex with a binding constant value of 8.7 × 1013. 
  • 720
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
List of UN Numbers 3301 to 3400
The UN numbers from UN3301 to UN3400 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
  • 703
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CAMPUS (Database)
CAMPUS (acronym for Computer Aided Material Preselection by Uniform Standards) is a multilingual database for the properties of plastics. It is considered worldwide as a leader in regard to the level of standardization and therefore, ease of comparison, of plastics properties. It also supports diagrams to a large extent. CAMPUS is based on ISO standards 10350, for single-point value e.g. the density, and 11403, for diagrams, e.g. the Stress–strain curve.
  • 692
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Predator Emitted Volatile Organic Compounds in New Zealand
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the bodies and secretions of introduced mammalian predators in New Zealand forests are covered, with a specific focus on mice, rats, ferrets, stoats, and possums.
  • 682
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Supported Lonic Liquids Used as Chromatographic Matrices
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as novel ligands in chromatographic matrices, denominated as supported ionic liquids (SILs). ILs are organic salts with a wide structural diversity, which can display a multi-modal behavior because they present positive/negative charged groups, and can be tailored by the introduction of several functional groups and alkyl moieties of different lengths. SILs maintain the valuable features of ILs with the addition of being supported, thus avoiding the use of large amounts of ILs. Despite the fact that the liquid state of ILs is being lost when immobilized, their capability to establish a plethora of interactions is kept, allowing them to be used in hydrophilic, hydrophobic, affinity, multi-modal and ion-exchange chromatography. Due to their advantages, IL-modified materials have been recently synthetized and proven to be an important new type of stationary phases in liquid chromatography.
  • 664
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Spices Bioactive Components
Spices, condiments and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are crucial components of human history and nutrition. They are substances added to foods to improve flavor and taste. Many of them are used not only to flavor foods, but also in traditional medicine and cosmetics. They have antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotic, anticoagulant and antiinflammatory properties and exciting potential for preventing chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiomyopathy and cancer when used in the daily diet. 
  • 664
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Physicochemical Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Photoanodes
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are widely regarded as the most effective method for rapidly degrading and oxidizing organic pollutants in water treatment, with chemical methods demonstrating high efficiency, especially for addressing organic wastewater.
  • 646
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Recycling of Palladium
Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium, play a pivotal role in various industries due to their unique properties. Palladium is frequently employed in technologies aimed at environmental preservation, such as catalytic converters that reduce harmful emissions from vehicles, and in the production of clean energy, notably in the hydrogen evolution process. Regrettably, the production of this vital metal for our environment is predominantly centered in two countries—Russia and South Africa. This centralization has led to palladium being classified as a critical raw material, emphasizing the importance of establishing a secure and sustainable supply chain, as well as employing the most efficient methods for processing materials containing palladium. 
  • 642
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Development of Active Layers for Efficient Photovoltaic Devices
Photovoltaics (PVs) has become one of the emerging alternatives to progressively supply/replace conventional energy sources, considering the potential exploitation of solar energy. Depending on the nature of the light harvester to influence on its light-absorption capability and the facility to produce electricity, different generations of solar devices have been fabricated. Early studies of organic molecules (dye sensitizers) with good absorption coefficients, going through metal chalcogenides and, lastly, the timely emergence of halide perovskites, have promoted the development of novel and low-cost solar cells with promising photoconversion efficiency (PCE), close to the well-established Si-based devices.
  • 615
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Glossary of Chemical Formulas
This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulas and CAS numbers, indexed by formula. This complements alternative listing at inorganic compounds by element. There is no complete list of chemical compounds since by nature the list would be infinite. Note: There are elements for which spellings may differ, such as aluminum/ aluminum, sulfur/ sulfur, and cesium/ cesium.
  • 605
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
PRC200
PRC200-SS is an arylalkanolamine TRI being developed by the Mayo Clinic. Sympathomimetic PRC200-SS is the PRC050 eutomer, whereas PRC201 is the distomer. These compounds are preceded by venlafaxine, which Wyeth claims is the first SNRI. Venlafaxine was originally developed as an "opioid" although original screening returned negative results. The authors were not satisfied just to drop venlafaxine from development and continued with their study of the compounds biological activity data. Herein, they discovered that venlafaxine exerts its biological actions via interaction with the monoamine receptors. In particular, the actions of the drug on increasing the amount of 5-HT and NE were documented, although with "potentiated" analogs such as the pm-dichlorophenyl ring substituted derivative, it might be expected to behave as a SNDRI also (but no data was available to support this inference). Venlafaxine itself has been said to behave as a SNDRI at very high doses. This would be more likely to be the case in drug naïve subjects than in users that have already built up significant tolerance. Silicon containing analog of venlafaxine was prepared and demonstrated to be an active SNRI.
  • 568
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
International Geo Sample Number
The International Geo Sample Number or IGSN is a persistent identifier for sample. As an active persistent identifier it can be resolved through the Handle System. The system is used in production by the System for Earth Sample Registration (SESAR), Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Mineral Resources, Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC), University of Bremen MARUM, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), IFREMER Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), and University of Kiel. Other organisations are preparing the introduction of the IGSN. The IGSN was developed as the International Geo Sample Number to provide a persistent, globally unique, web resolvable identifier for physical samples. IGSN is both a governance and technical system for assigning globally unique persistent identifiers to physical samples. Even though initially developed for samples in the geosciences, the application of IGSN can be and has already been expanded to other domains that rely on physical samples and collections. The IGSN preserves the identity of a sample even as it is moved from lab to lab and as data appear in different publications, thus eliminating ambiguity that stems from similar names for samples from the earth. The IGSN unique identifier allows researchers to track the analytical history of a sample and build on previously collected data as new techniques are developed. Additionally, the IGSN provides a link between disparate data generated by different investigators and published in different scientific articles. In September 2021, the members of IGSN e.V. and DataCite agreed to enter a partnership. Under the partnership, DataCite will provide the IGSN ID registration services and supporting technology to enable the ongoing sustainability of the IGSN PID infrastructure. The IGSN e.V. will facilitate a Community of Communities to promote and support new research and innovation for standard methods of identifying, citing, and locating physical samples. To take into account the expanded scope of the application of IGSN beyond the earth and environmental sciences, the IGSN Implementation Organization (IGSN e.V.) voted to change the name of the identifier to International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) and rename the organisation accordingly.
  • 566
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
WDFW Toxics in Biota Fish Monitoring
Fish are an important component of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife's (WDFW) Toxics in Biota Program, part of the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program (PSEMP, recently renamed from PSAMP). Since 1989 fish indicator species have been used to monitor contamination of Puget Sound by chemicals such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and metals. English Sole, the first species studied for the Toxics in Biota Program, have been used for monitoring by WDFW since 1989. As of 2015 the program also monitors copper rockfish, quillback rockfish, brown rockfish, coho salmon, chinook salmon, Pacific herring, and Pacific staghorn sculpin. Exposure and effects of each contaminant are monitored for each species, and more in-depth studies of specific regions are performed if monitoring indicates a contamination problem. Geographical characteristics making Puget Sound especially susceptible to contaminants include funneling of fish through narrow inlets, restricted exchange of water, shallow sea floor sills, and freshwater inputs from urban sources. One of the largest sources of contaminants is stormwater runoff. During heavy rain events metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and pesticides flow untreated into local waterways, streams, and lakes. Impervious surfaces such as roads provide a route for deposition of metals and POPs by cars and industrial emissions, before subsequent discharge into nearby water bodies. The highly urbanized coastline of southern Puget Sound results in stormwater runoff containing high concentrations of contaminants.
  • 536
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Margatoxin
Margatoxin (MgTX) is a peptide that selectively inhibits Kv1.3 voltage-dependent potassium channels. It is found in the venom of Centruroides margaritatus, also known as the Central American Bark Scorpion. Margatoxin was first discovered in 1993. It was purified from scorpion venom and its amino acid sequence was determined.
  • 506
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metallacarbaboranes
Metallacarbaboranes (or metallacarboranes) are compounds that contain cluster polyhedra comprising carbon, boron, and metal atoms in various combinations. Most of the structures of metallacarbaborane clusters derive from triangular-faced polyhedra. The most numerous examples are icosahedral and pentagonal bipyramidal cages.
  • 488
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Salt and Cardiovascular Disease
Salt consumption has been extensively studied for its role in human physiology and impact on human health. Chronic, high intake of dietary salt consumption is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, in addition to other adverse health outcomes. Major health and scientific organizations, such as the World Health Organization, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Heart Association, have established high salt consumption as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Common edible salt is composed of sodium chloride.
  • 462
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Food Bioactive Molecules as Antiaging Agents
Natural antiaging ingredients include barrier repair, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, skin lightening, and sunblock agent. A nutricosmetic optimizes the intake of nutritional microelements to meet the needs of the skin and skin appendages, improving their conditions and delaying aging, thus helping to protect the skin from the aging action of environmental factors.
  • 366
  • 07 Oct 2023
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