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Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 965
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Skull Vibration Induced Nystagmus
Skull vibration induced nystagmus (SVIN) is a dramatic clinical observation—if a vibrator is applied to either mastoid of a patient with a total unilateral vestibular loss (TUVL) and switched on at a frequency of 100 Hz and at moderate intensity (about the strength a body massager) the patient immediately has a nystagmus, mainly horizontal, with the clinically obvious quick phases (QPs) beating away from the lesioned ear.
  • 964
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Cognitive Decline following Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers exposes small parts of the brain to radiation, resulting in radiation-induced changes in cerebral tissue. Implementation of neurocognitive assessment with advanced MRI examination in monitoring brain microstructural and functional changes of head and neck cancer patients could detect cognitive changes early. With suitable intervention, further deleterious effects on the patient’s cognition can be prevented.
  • 963
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Heart Diet in Prevention of Heart Failure
Antioxidants, such as polyphenolics and flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and other micronutrients that are rich in Indo-Mediterranean-type diets, could be protective in sustaining the oxidative functions of the heart. The cardiomyocytes use glucose and fatty acids for the physiological functions depending upon the metabolic requirements of the heart. Apart from toxicity due to glucose, lipotoxicity also adversely affects the cardiomyocytes, which worsen in the presence of deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and deficiency of exogenous antioxidant nutrients in the diet. The high-sugar-and-high-fat-induced production of ceramide, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and triamino-methyl-N-oxide (TMAO) can predispose individuals to oxidative dysfunction and Ca-overloading. The alteration in the biology may start with normal cardiac cell remodeling to biological remodeling due to inflammation. It is proposed that a greater intake of high exogenous antioxidant restorative treatment (HEART) diet, polyphenolics and flavonoids, as well as cessation of red meat intake and egg, can cause improvement in the oxidative function of the heart, by inhibiting oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in the cell, resulting in beneficial effects in the early stage of the Six Stages of heart failure (HF). 
  • 962
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19, Respiratory Diseases & Drug-Drug Interactions
The absence of COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientist to exploit available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2 and several molecules have been emerged as promising pharmacological agents. Then again, due to the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics to recognize potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may lead to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and additional burdens in patients' health status from the administration of these agents.
  • 961
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Lipoedema
Lipoedema is a disease characterized by excessive bilateral and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous tissue in the lower extremities. It is a poorly understood condition, and low awareness of its existence often leads to incorrect diagnosis Initially, lipoedema was considered to be completely independent of lifestyle Currently, however, more and more cases of the coexistence of lipoedema and obesity are described in the literature as additionally affecting the severity of the disease.
  • 960
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Tribocorrosion in Dental Implants
Tribocorrosion is a current and very discussed theme in tribology and medicine for its impact on industrial applications. The phenomena are mainly oriented to the biological environment and, in particular, to medical devices such as hip prostheses, dental implants, knee joints, etc. The term tribocorrosion underlines the simultaneous action of wear and corrosion in a tribocouple. It has a non-negligible effect on the total loss of contact materials and the potential failure of the bio-couplings. 
  • 959
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Halitosis
Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases.
  • 959
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Devastating Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Memory
Various factors contribute to sleep deprivation (SD) in the modern world, and these include alcohol consumption, shifting work, exposure to excessive light and noise, stress, anxiety, and certain medical conditions. Insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea are some of the manifestations of SD. Numerous studies have examined the effects of SD on memory, with the majority showing that sleep disorders negatively affect memory.
  • 959
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mupirocin in Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have increased problematically in hospital and ambulatory settings due to the poor immunity of hosts and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Mupirocin (MUP), a global topical antibiotic, is used for the treatment of SSTIs caused by various pathogens due to its unique mechanism of action. However, the therapeutic efficiency of MUP is hampered due to the protein binding and drug resistance caused by frequent use. A combined report covering the various aspects of MUP, such as the synthesis of the novel formulation, loading of the drug, and application against various skin infections, is missing. 
  • 958
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
In Vitro Digestion of Persimmon and Derived Products
In vitro digestion is widely used to study the gastrointestinal behavior of foods. It reproduces the human physiological gastrointestinal process in the laboratory in a controlled and reproducible way.
  • 955
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Pain at Work Toolkit
Self-management tools for people with chronic or persistent pain tend to focus on symptom reporting, treatment programmes or exercise and do not address barriers to work, facilitators of work ability, or workplace pain self-management strategies. Researchers developed the Pain at Work (PAW) toolkit, an evidence-based digital toolkit to provide advice on how employees can self-manage their pain at work. In a collaborative-participatory design, 4-step Agile methodology (N = 452) was used to co-create the toolkit with healthcare professionals, employers and people with chronic or persistent pain. Step 1: stakeholder consultation event (n = 27) established content and format; Step 2: online survey with employees who have persistent pain (n = 274) showed employees fear disclosing their condition, and commonly report discrimination and lack of line manager support. Step 3: online employer survey (n = 107) showed employers rarely provide self-management materials or education around managing pain at work, occupational health recommendations for reasonable adjustments are not always actioned, and pain-related stigma is common. Step 4: Toolkit development integrated findings and recommendations from Steps 1–3, and iterative expert peer review was conducted (n = 40). The PAW toolkit provides (a) evidence-based guidelines and signposting around work-capacity advice and support; (b) self-management strategies around working with chronic or persistent pain, (c) promotion of healthy lifestyles, and quality of life at work; (d) advice on adjustments to working environments and workplace solutions to facilitate work participation.
  • 954
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Adult Food Preference
Early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) conditions can influence how an adult responds to stress, their food preferences, the volume of food consumed, the likelihood that one will desire to eat in the absence of an energy deficit, the development of eating disorders, and the likelihood that one will suffer from adult obesity.
  • 953
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Dietary AGEs
Most chronic modern non-transmissible diseases seem to begin as the result of low-grade inflammation extending over prolonged periods of time. The importance of diet as a source of many pro-inflammatory compounds that could create and sustain such a low-grade inflammatory state cannot be ignored, particularly since we are constantly exposed to them during the day. The focus of this review is on specific components of the diet associated with inflammation, specifically advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that form during thermal processing of food. AGEs are also generated in the body in normal physiology and are widely recognized as increased in diabetes, but many people are unaware of the potential importance of exogenous AGEs ingested in food. 
  • 950
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Chronic Pain and Emotional Stroop
The emotional Stroop task is a valuable and suitable technique to measure the alterations in emotional and cerebral activation areas that characterize chronic pain conditions (i.e., FMS, migraine, CNP, CLBP, and TMDs). The emotional Stroop task proved to be a valid tool to assess emotional and pain processing in patients with chronic pain.
  • 948
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Root Canal Irrigation Methods
According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation.
  • 948
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Classroom Active Desks
Classroom active desks refer to the desks placed in the classroom and can be moved in teaching activities. This entry was to examine the effects of active desks in the school setting on sedentary behavior, physical activity, academic achievements and overall health among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. 
  • 947
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The Current Green Economy Situations in European Union
Energy is undoubtedly one of the fundamental factors in the development of economies around the world. This is particularly evident during crises related to the reduction of supplies or the lack of energy sources. For example, the oil crisis of the 1970s of the twentieth century showed the problem of energy security, which has returned today and is one of the important topics of discussion in the European Union (EU) countries. Changes in the situation of the energy markets and geopolitical conditions show that the problem of energy security is fundamental for the functioning of modern economies. It directly influences economic development and other strategic areas, including the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs and the Millennium Development Goals.
  • 947
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Vaginal Infections and Treatment
Vaginal infections are a global public health issue affecting worldwide up to 70% of women of reproductive age. The symptoms or clinical manifestations are itching, irritation, abnormal vaginal discharge, and discomfort when urinating and during sexual activity.
  • 946
  • 26 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Pharmaceutical Care during COVID-19 Pandemic
Pharmaceutical care represents a concept introduced after 1990. According to this, the pharmacists’ activity focuses on patients and aims to provide adequate therapies that lead to safe therapeutic results, as well as to improve the quality of life. Thus, the traditional activity of preparation and development of drugs has been gradually replaced by pharmaceutical services that mostly focus on the patients’ needs and the particularities of their pathologies.
  • 945
  • 05 Nov 2021
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