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Topic Review
Characterization of the Human Eccrine Sweat Proteome
Proteomic profiling of sweat to be a promising bio-fluid analysis for individualized, non-invasive monitoring and personalized medicine.
  • 860
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Adenoviral Gene Therapy Vectors
Adenoviral vectors are commonly used in clinical gene therapy. Apart from oncolytic adenoviruses, vector replication is highly undesired as it may pose a safety risk for the treated patient. Thus, careful monitoring for the formation of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCA) during vector manufacturing is required.
  • 860
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multifunctional Plant Virus Nanoparticles
Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include non-targeted and targeted nanoplatforms for delivery of anticancer therapeutic chemo and immune agents and cancer vaccines for activation of local and systemic antitumor immunity. Interestingly, PVNP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment.
  • 858
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Antiviral Agents Targeting Viral Polymerases
Viral DNA and RNA polymerases are two kinds of very important enzymes that synthesize the genetic materials of the virus itself, and they have become extremely favorable targets for the development of antiviral drugs because of their relatively conserved characteristics. There are many similarities in the structure and function of different viral polymerases, so inhibitors designed for a certain viral polymerase have acted as effective universal inhibitors on other types of viruses.
  • 858
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic-Based Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Technology
Cell-based assays, conducted on monolayer (2D) cultured cells, are an unquestionably valuable tool for biomedical research. However, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have gained relevance due to the advantages of better mimicking the microenvironment and tissue microarchitecture in vivo. Magnetic-based 3D (m3D) cell culture systems can be used for this purpose. These systems are based on exposing magnetized cells to magnetic fields by levitation, bioprinting, or ring formation to promote cell aggregation into 3D structures.
  • 858
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Repurposing Anticancer Drugs against COVID-19
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Due to the similarity of cancer-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy to COVID-19, anticancer drugs, such as Interferon, Pembrolizumab or Bicalutamide, are already being tested in clinical trials for repurposing, alone or in combination.
  • 857
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
B Cells in Autoinflammatory Disorders
Whereas autoimmune diseases are mediated primarily by T and B cells, auto-inflammatory syndromes (AIFS) involve natural killer cells, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, different granulocyte subsets and complement components. In contrast to autoimmune diseases, the immune response of patients with AIFS is not associated with a breakdown of immune tolerance to self-antigens.
  • 857
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Dystrophinopathy Diagnosis and Therapy
Dystrophinopathies are x-linked muscular disorders that emerge from mutations in the Dystrophin gene, including Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, Duchenne muscular dystrophy interconnects with bone loss and osteoporosis, which are exacerbated by glucocorticoid therapy. Appropriate choice of steroids and regimen is crucial. Creatine kinase (CK) has a 71% potential of detecting female carriers that are increased by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or dystrophin study in biopsy. Clinical neurologists need to relate to patients and families of patients with neurocognitive problems since mental retardation might be part of Duchenne's picture.
  • 857
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year and represents a great cost for public healthcare systems, as the majority of these diseases are progressive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies. Oligonucleotide-based drugs are emerging as novel and promising alternatives to traditional drugs. Their expansion corresponds with new knowledge regarding the molecular basis underlying CKD, and they are already showing encouraging preclinical results, with two candidates being evaluated in clinical trials. However, despite recent technological advances, efficient kidney delivery remains challenging, and the presence of off-targets and sideeffects precludes development and translation to the clinic.
  • 856
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Immunomodulatory Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in humans are represented by three main families: defensins, cathelicidins, histatins. Defensins, depending on the type of disulfide bond arrangement, are divided into alpha- and beta-defensins. Alpha- and beta-defensins are constitutively produced by neutrophils, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes.
  • 856
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
RAD52 in Genome Maintenance
The maintenance of genome integrity is critical for cell survival. Homologous recombination (HR) is considered the major error-free repair pathway in combatting endogenously generated double-stranded lesions in DNA. Nevertheless, a number of alternative repair pathways have been described as protectors of genome stability, especially in HR-deficient cells. One of the factors that appears to have a role in many of these pathways is human RAD52, a DNA repair protein that was previously considered to be dispensable due to a lack of an observable phenotype in knock-out mice. In later studies, RAD52 deficiency has been shown to be synthetically lethal with defects in BRCA genes, making RAD52 an attractive therapeutic target, particularly in the context of BRCA-deficient tumors.
  • 855
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Immune Control of Avian Influenza Virus Infection
The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is naturally prevalent in aquatic birds, infecting different avian species and transmitting from birds to humans. Both AIVs, the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, have the potential to infect humans, causing an acute influenza disease syndrome in humans, and are a possible pandemic threat. AIV H5N1 is highly pathogenic, whereas AIV H7N9 has comparatively low pathogenicity.
  • 854
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Dementia Care in Italy, Hungary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dementia is one of the more serious challenges of the future . Most countries have a variety of policies, institutions and financial aids implemented to ease the burden on families carrying out the bulk of care work for their relatives with dementia. However, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, some of these support systems have become much more difficult (or even impossible) to access or utilize, an effect mediated by the mandatory stringency measures adopted by governments during the first wave of the pandemic to mitigate its impact on the population. Both Italy and Hungary belong to clusters of countries showing challenges concerning the degree of resilience. However, Italy is part of a cluster having weak resilience in informal care and moderate resilience in formal care provision, while Hungary belongs to a cluster with weak resilience in both formal and informal care (i.e., with a higher share of older adults reporting difficulties in receiving formal care—i.e., home care—and a quite low share receiving informal care from people outside their home, being the supply of both types of care provision dramatically decreased compared to the pre-pandemic period).
  • 852
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
SZR-104
By being an antagonist of glutamate and other receptors, kynurenic acid serves as an endogenous neuroprotectant in several pathologies of the brain. Unfortunately, systemic administration of kynurenic acid is hindered by its low permeability through the blood–brain barrier. One possibility to overcome this problem is to use analogues with similar biological activity as kynurenic acid, but with an increased permeability through the blood–brain barrier. We synthesized six novel aminoalkylated amide derivatives of kynurenic acid, among which SZR-104 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide) proved to have the highest permeability through an in vitro blood–brain barrier model. In addition, permeability of SZR-104 was significantly higher than that of kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid and 39B, a quinolone derivative/xanthurenic acid analogue.
  • 851
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Challenges Encountered in NAFLD Animal Models
As a term, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was proposed to describe the histopathological fatty changes in hepatocytes in which alcohol consumption is not involved as the etiological inducer. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces several forms of liver disorders involving fat disposition in hepatocytes ranging from simple steatosis to the severe stage, namely, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, no reproducible experimental animal model displays the full spectrum of pathophysiological, histological, molecular, and clinical features associated with human NAFLD/NASH progression.
  • 846
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Primary Undifferentiated/Dedifferentiated Cutaneous Melanomas
Diagnosing cutaneous melanoma is usually straightforward based on these malignancies’ histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Nevertheless, melanomas can imitate various other neoplasms, sometimes lacking the expression of conventional melanocytic markers and expressing non-melanocytic ones. 
  • 845
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Zinc-Alpha2-Glycoprotein (AZGP1) and Fibrotic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. It is typically accompanied by progressive fibrosis of the tubulointerstitial compartment.
  • 844
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Physiological and Therapeutic Effects of Collagens
Collagen has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in regulating tissue regeneration and drug delivery by participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, intercellular signal transmission, tissue formation, and blood coagulation.
  • 844
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Metabolic Syndrome Management
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of MetS encompasses multiple genetic and acquired entities that fall under the umbrella of insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, MetS is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Given that CVDs constitute by far the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, it has become essential to investigate the role played by MetS in this context to reduce the heavy burden of the disease.
  • 842
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Role of Chalcones in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Chalcones, plant-derived polyphenols, received marked attention due to their biological activities as well as for relatively easy structural manipulation and synthesis of new chalcone derivatives. The chemotherapeutic effects of chalcones are mediated by numerous activities including the initiation of cell death machinery, suppression of cancer cell growth, modulation of several signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway, nuclear factor kappa B pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and many others. In addition, chalcones seem to have an anticancer effect also via the inhibition of angiogenesis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-H. pylori activity and anti-inflammatory action.
  • 842
  • 26 Apr 2023
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